Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association最新文献

{"title":"DO IT YOURSELF: INSULATED DRY ICE CANISTERS FOR CO2 BAITED MOSQUITO TRAPS.","authors":"Mario Novelo, Anna Blankenship-Cutshall, James Brodigan, Megan Siefker, Na Leifson, Sarah S Wheeler","doi":"10.2987/26-7288","DOIUrl":"10.2987/26-7288","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Carbon dioxide (CO2) baited traps are the industry standard for mosquito surveillance programs, with dry ice commonly used as a reliable CO2 source to attract host-seeking females. Commercially available insulated dry ice cans serve as a widely adopted sublimation canister for this purpose. However, the closure of BioQuip in 2022 created a shortage of affordable, standardized sublimation canisters, leaving many programs dependent on aging equipment or suboptimal alternatives. Here, we present an in-house protocol to assemble insulated dry ice canisters constructed entirely from commercially available materials. Canisters were assembled using a standardized and replicable design and evaluated against legacy BioQuip canisters and other modified insulated canisters. Performance was assessed over 24-h deployment periods to capture overnight field use. The do-it-yourself (DIY) insulated canister outperformed all other tested designs after 24 h. This low-cost and scalable alternative provides mosquito control programs with a practical DIY solution for CO2 based surveillance.</p>","PeriodicalId":17192,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association","volume":" ","pages":"143-150"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147775033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE IMPACTS OF PH ON THE TOXICITY OF BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS VAR. ISRAELENSIS TO CULEX QUINQUEFASCIATUS.","authors":"Timothy D Mcnamara, Lisa Rowley, Nicholas Delisi, Kevin Caillouet, Kristen Healy","doi":"10.2987/25-7230","DOIUrl":"10.2987/25-7230","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Larval mosquito control is one of the primary means of managing mosquito populations. A frequent control method for larval mosquitoes is the use of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti), an insecticidal bacterium whose toxic activity is linked to the alkaline environment of the mosquito midgut. However, Bti applications have been known to fail to induce desired mortality in some situations. To determine if environmental pH may play a role in treatment efficacy, we conducted a series of experiments examining environmental pH and its effect on the toxicity of Bti to the mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus. First, we conducted dose-response testing of Bti on Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae to determine LC50 under a neutral pH. Next, we exposed Cx. quinquefasciatus to a putative LC50 of Bti in water of varying pH. Finally, we surveilled natural waterways in St. Tammany Parish, LA to assess what pHs may be present under natural conditions. We found that larval mortality was positively correlated with environmental pH, and that label-rate applications of Bti could fail to induce complete mortality in more acidic environments. Additionally, we found that, although rare, these pHs could be found in naturally occurring environments in Louisiana.</p>","PeriodicalId":17192,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association","volume":" ","pages":"164-169"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147930770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AN UPDATED CHECKLIST OF MOSQUITO SPECIES IN MAINE WITH NEW STATE RECORDS.","authors":"Elizabeth F Schneider","doi":"10.2987/25-7266","DOIUrl":"10.2987/25-7266","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We provide an updated checklist of the mosquito species that occur in Maine. Seven species are added as new state records: Anopheles crucians, Aedes grossbecki, Ae. rempeli, Ae. thibaulti, Culex erraticus, Culiseta inornata, and Psorophora ciliata.</p>","PeriodicalId":17192,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association","volume":" ","pages":"170-172"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147775045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE MOSQUITO FAUNA OF K'GARI (FRASER ISLAND), AUSTRALIA, THE WORLD'S LARGEST SAND ISLAND.","authors":"James Wisdom, Michael Belby, Andrew F van den Hurk, Cassie C Jansen","doi":"10.2987/26-7279","DOIUrl":"10.2987/26-7279","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>K'gari (Fraser Island) is the largest sand island in the world and a popular tourist destination. Despite its importance as a United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage Site, there is a paucity of information regarding its mosquito fauna. From 1968 to 1976, several qualitative entomological surveys were carried out on K'gari, but no published work has been undertaken since. This study presents quantitative findings from three surveys undertaken using CO2-baited light traps in April and October 2024, and May 2025. In total, 3,356 mosquitoes, representing 31 species across 10 genera, were collected from 28 sites. Ten of these species were previously unrecorded on K'gari including Culex gelidus, a known vector of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). The major Australian arbovirus vector, Culex annulirostris, was the most prevalent species recorded overall, comprising 22% of mosquitoes collected. Considerable numbers of Mansonia uniformis and Coquillettidia spp., whose larvae develop in freshwater sites with emergent vegetation were also observed, along with high abundances of other freshwater species. Surprisingly, species associated with brackish habitats, such as Aedes vigilax and Culex sitiens comprised < 5% of the total species collected. Relatively large numbers of Culiseta arenivaga, a species that has only ever been recorded from K'gari were also observed. Overall, it is evident that K'gari is home to an abundance of diverse and medically important mosquito fauna, with assemblages dominated by freshwater-associated species, rather than coastal salt marsh taxa.</p>","PeriodicalId":17192,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association","volume":" ","pages":"105-111"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147717189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF OVILLANTA TIRE TRAPS FOR MOSQUITO SURVEILLANCE IN THE MIDWESTERN UNITED STATES.","authors":"Ethan G Waddle, Blake Biddle, Allison T Parker","doi":"10.2987/25-7268","DOIUrl":"10.2987/25-7268","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Discarded vehicle tires pose negative environmental hazards as they break down and provide ideal habitats for developing mosquito larvae. Integrative vector management (IVM) uses of multiple surveillance and control methods. This study examines the efficacy of using ovillanta traps, made from used vehicle tires, for IVM. Ovillanta traps and discarded tires were placed at 5 field sites and sampled weekly during the summer mosquito field seasons in both 2023 and 2024 to determine if ovillanta traps can be used in IVM in the midwestern USA. Overall, significantly more mosquitoes were collected from ovillanta traps compared with discarded tires, but differences in preference were seen across the 5 most commonly collected species. Results of this study show that ovillanta traps can be used to monitor mosquito species distributions. This allows for the inclusion of a low-cost method in IVM in the midwestern USA.</p>","PeriodicalId":17192,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association","volume":" ","pages":"136-142"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147775006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF ANOPHELES LARVAL HABITATS IN DIFFERENT ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTS OF NORTHWESTERN ARGENTINA.","authors":"María J Dantur Juri, Betty J Pazmiño Gómez, Roberto D Coello Peralta, Paul L Duque, Liliana Galindo, Mario Zaidenberg","doi":"10.2987/25-7255","DOIUrl":"10.2987/25-7255","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anthropogenic activities cause changes in natural environments, affecting the ecology of Anopheles mosquitoes and, therefore, increasing the potential for malaria transmission. Immature Anopheles were collected from different larval habitats in 3 geographical localities of northwestern Argentina: El Oculto, where the wild habitat included a mountain river; Aguas Blancas, where the peri-rural habitat consisted of stream ravines; and San Ramón de la Nueva Orán, where the peri-urban habitat comprised puddles, ponds, and irrigation and drainage channels. The incidence rate of each anopheline species was calculated according to the larval habitat. Additionally, to analyze the effect of environmental variables, the mean of each variable in each larval habitat was determined and related to the incidence of each anopheline species through Pearson's correlation coefficient. A total of 5,553 larvae belonging to the genus Anopheles were collected. The most abundant species was Anopheles pseudopunctipennis (33.35%), followed by An. (Nyssorhynchus) argyritarsis (28.47%), An. (Nys.) evansae (16.64%), and An. (Nys.) strodei (14.62%). Both An. pseudopunctipennis and An. argyritarsis were present across all larval habitats. Considering the larval habitats separately, An. argyritarsis emerged as the most abundant species in both the mountain river (wild habitat) and stream ravines (peri-rural habitat), while An. evansae and An. strodei predominated in the irrigation and drainage channels (peri-urban habitat). In the peri-rural habitat, mean water temperature was positively associated with the presence of An. argyritarsis. In the peri-urban habitat, mean temperature was positively associated with An. strodei and An. evansae, while a strong negative relationship between these 2 species and water pH was also observed. This study showed the importance of longitudinal entomological surveillance, not only in wild and peri-rural environments due to the abundance of main malaria vectors, An. pseudopunctipennis and An. argyritarsis, but also in peri-urban areas. Considering that both vector species can transition to urban sites, as observed in other countries, current and future changes in these habitats require further studies. Consequently, research should focus on the emergence of new larval habitats that could favor a higher abundance of these malaria vector species.</p>","PeriodicalId":17192,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association","volume":" ","pages":"112-123"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148042182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BEYOND MIR: POOLED MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD ESTIMATION FOR MOSQUITO POOL SURVEILLANCE.","authors":"Alberto A Condori, Aaron M Lloyd, Milton Sterling, David F Hoel","doi":"10.2987/26-7286","DOIUrl":"10.2987/26-7286","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mosquito pool surveillance is a cornerstone of arbovirus risk assessment, yet traditional metrics such as the minimum infection rate (MIR) can understate infection probability and, as conventionally reported, do not provide uncertainty quantification that properly accounts for pooling. We analyzed 7 yr (2018-2024) of mosquito pool surveillance data using pooled maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) with transformed Clopper-Pearson confidence intervals to estimate per-mosquito infection probabilities. The dataset comprised 4,930 pools (246,500 mosquitoes) collected across 80 surveillance sites and tested for 6 arbovirus assay targets covering eastern equine encephalitis, St. Louis encephalitis, West Nile, chikungunya, dengue, and Zika viruses. Viral circulation was sparse (5 positive pools, 0.10% overall positivity), but the pooled-likelihood framework still produced interpretable infection-probability estimates together with conservative upper confidence bounds in zero-positive and sparse-positive weeks. Peak infection probabilities ranged from 0.678 per 1,000 mosquitoes for West Nile virus in August 2022 to 2.667 per 1,000 for chikungunya and Zika virus detections in October 2018. In this low-positivity setting, MIR, pooled MLE, and the Firth/Burrows bias-reduced estimator were numerically close in the observed positive weeks, whereas the main practical gain came from interval estimates that made sampling uncertainty explicit. These results support moving from MIR-only summaries to a broader pooling-aware reporting framework in mosquito surveillance. Reporting both per-mosquito infection estimates and interval bounds places sparse detections and zero-positive weeks on a common operational scale and supports interpretation alongside other surveillance indicators.</p>","PeriodicalId":17192,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association","volume":" ","pages":"151-163"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148157045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RESULTS OF INTERVIEWS OF VECTOR-BORNE DISEASE PROFESSIONALS IN THE MIDWEST UNITED STATES.","authors":"Justin E Harbison","doi":"10.2987/26-7299","DOIUrl":"10.2987/26-7299","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Between September 2024 to January 2026, 100 professionals working with mosquito and/or tick vectors and located primarily in the upper Midwest of the United States were interviewed. These interviews were used to assess the work performed in the region and to highlight successes and challenges of the work. The results suggest that collaboration within and across agencies is a strength, whereas a major challenge is that the public and politicians do not understand or appreciate the importance of their work in vector surveillance, vector control, and public outreach.</p>","PeriodicalId":17192,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148308799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"OPERATIONAL APPLICATION OF HELICOPTER-MOUNTED LIDAR FOR LARVAL HABITAT MAPPING AND TREATMENT REFINEMENT IN LEE COUNTY, FLORIDA.","authors":"Aaron M Lloyd, Donald E Claytor, Edward W Foley, James C Dunford, David F Hoel","doi":"10.2987/26-7287","DOIUrl":"10.2987/26-7287","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lee County Mosquito Control District (LCMCD) implemented helicopter-mounted Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) technology to create high-resolution elevation models for refining larval mosquito habitat treatment boundaries in coastal and inland environments. Using a Ranger ULTRA laser scanning system equipped with an IMU-30 inertial measurement unit mounted on an Airbus H125 helicopter, the district mapped approximately 184,567 ha across Lee County during the 2026 dry season (January 13 to May 1), achieving vertical accuracy of 2.0 cm and horizontal point densities exceeding 30 points per square m. The LiDAR-derived elevation data enabled precise delineation of tidal and rainfall-driven flooding zones that may reduce treatment areas and associated larvicide costs while maintaining operational effectiveness. This operational note describes the equipment specifications, flight parameters, data processing methodology, cost-benefit outcomes, and lessons learned from large-scale implementation of LiDAR for integrated mosquito management and represents the first large-scale operational implementation of LiDAR within a mosquito control program.</p>","PeriodicalId":17192,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148264916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A MODIFIED COMMERCIAL UV-LED TRAP FOR MOSQUITO SURVEILLANCE IN COASTAL FLORIDA.","authors":"Sergio Méndez-Cardona, Morgan Rockwell, Zachary McGuire, Emily G Decker, Panpim Thongsripong","doi":"10.2987/26-7293","DOIUrl":"10.2987/26-7293","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mosquito surveillance is essential for monitoring disease risk. However, the high cost of industry-standard traps often limits sampling density in resource-constrained settings. This study evaluated a modified Katchy Indoor Insect Trap, a low-cost ultraviolet-light-emitting diode suction trap, for outdoor field surveillance in Florida. A randomized Latin square design was used to compare the modified Katchy to the New Standard Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Miniature Light Trap and the CDC Miniature Downdraft Blacklight Trap across three habitat types over 18 nights in 2024. A total of 4,213 mosquitoes were collected from all three traps. All traps exhibited similar mosquito abundance during the spring and summer months. However, during summer, the modified Katchy trap captured a greater species richness (18 species) than either CDC trap models (10 species each). Trap performance varied across species, and community similarity among trap types shifted seasonally. At approximately $60, including modifications, the Katchy trap represents a cost-effective option that performs comparably to the CDC models tested in this study. Although further multisite longitudinal studies are necessary to assess its performance across diverse ecological settings, these findings suggest that the modified Katchy trap is a promising supplemental surveillance tool for programs seeking to increase trap density under budget constraints.</p>","PeriodicalId":17192,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148265001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}