{"title":"Real time executive kernel and fault management tools","authors":"T. Sadeghi, W. Harris","doi":"10.1109/NAECON.1995.521971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAECON.1995.521971","url":null,"abstract":"A fault tolerant flight control simulator tool has been developed to aid the user in designing and evaluating real time executive kernels and redundancy management algorithms in the design process of a flight control computer. To compliment this simulation, a top level design of a real time executive kernel has been developed to portray the basic techniques used when designing a real time executive kernel. Investigations into several types of redundancy management algorithms have revealed the differences in the real time requirements for these algorithms in the context of an advanced flight control system, and several of these algorithms have been incorporated into the simulator. The design process of the executive kernel and the redundancy management algorithms offer a basic understanding of how a real time system would be developed and designed. The use of the fault tolerant flight control simulator tool that has been developed allows an investigation, analysis, and trouble shooting of fault tolerant, real time system software architectures to be performed prior to the flight control architecture being formally defined. With the use of this FTFCS tool and the discussed design techniques, the non recurring costs and the actual design time of a flight control computer system could potentially be reduced. Future enhancements and efforts on this topic might include adding to the simulator the capability for processing user supplied scheduling techniques and redundancy management algorithms. This would make the simulation more generic in nature and would enhance its versatility to a greater variety of applications. Other enhancements might include modifying the graphical interface to include a model of a head up display or a three dimensional graphical representation of an aircraft which would mimic the aircraft's dynamic motion under specific pilot input commands.","PeriodicalId":171918,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the IEEE 1995 National Aerospace and Electronics Conference. NAECON 1995","volume":"11 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132063968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Polarization enhancement measurement","authors":"Yong-Liang Li, Shao-hong Li, S. Mao","doi":"10.1109/NAECON.1995.521923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAECON.1995.521923","url":null,"abstract":"Polarization, together with the amplitude, time and frequency of radar signals, completes the information which can be obtained on target returns in monostatic radar. The exploitation of information on the echo polarization state through polarimetric radars is currently a subject of interest, due to theoretical and technological advances, as well as to the development of new radar applications. The authors examine the enhancement of target echo by applying polarization and the measurement of enhanced radar target backscattered power. They have completed a set of lab tests and measured target backscattered wave character. The target backwave response is derived and analyzed. The degree of backwave enhancement is explained using the measurement results.","PeriodicalId":171918,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the IEEE 1995 National Aerospace and Electronics Conference. NAECON 1995","volume":"45 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114112233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The portable operating system","authors":"M.J. Miedlar, S. Bauer, P. Powers","doi":"10.1109/NAECON.1995.522012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAECON.1995.522012","url":null,"abstract":"Embedded systems require operating systems that make use of the underlying hardware. The operating system provides services to communicate data between processors and between processes within a processor, to signal events, to manage semaphores, and to access mass memory. The application software residing on the processor must be designed with respect to the operating system. This introduces problem when the software gets targeted to another system. The new operating system provides different services or different ways to access the same services software developers face excessive startup costs when moving to a new system because the operating system must first be developed then the applications redesigned to fit this new operating system. A portable operating system with facilities for making portable applications would greatly reduce these costs. This paper discusses research and development into such a portable system.","PeriodicalId":171918,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the IEEE 1995 National Aerospace and Electronics Conference. NAECON 1995","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116213889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Operating system application programmer interfaces (API) and their role in open systems for avionics","authors":"C. Roark","doi":"10.1109/NAECON.1995.521950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAECON.1995.521950","url":null,"abstract":"Operating System (OS) application programmer interfaces (APIs) are a key enabler to target independent software and seamless upgrading from the software perspective when the underlying hardware is changed. This is one of the significant cost reduction mechanisms promised by the use of open systems. This paper discusses on-going work within IEEE Portable Operating Systems Interfaces (POSIX) and SAE AS5B2 Operating System API working group that address providing a suitable OS API for real-time avionic systems. This paper also describes how the OS API is a significant part of the target independent software story and how it fits in with the generic open avionics architecture model being developed by the SAE. The POSIX discussions summarize what has been going on in POSIX, with particular attention to the real-time working groups. Most attention is given to activities occurring in P1003.21 Real-Time Distributed Systems Communications.","PeriodicalId":171918,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the IEEE 1995 National Aerospace and Electronics Conference. NAECON 1995","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123780943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Survey of commercial manual controllers for a generic telerobotics architecture","authors":"T. Deeter, D. Schneider","doi":"10.1109/NAECON.1995.522003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAECON.1995.522003","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to determine an input device for the Air Force's generic telerobotics architecture for large aircraft maintenance and repair. Our area of concern was the human to machine interface, more specifically, which manual controller or input device should be used for the specified tasks in this architecture. We mailed a survey to 68 companies in order to compile a list of possible input devices that the telerobotics architecture could use. Thirty two companies responded giving us enough data to generate a list that described the physical traits of the input devices. The physical traits were divided into two main categories. The first category, called device category, deals with items such as external power, type of communication interface, and the number of degrees of freedom. The second category called user category, discusses items such as cost, size, weight and dexterity. We then divided the required tasks that the Air Force's generic telerobotics architecture must perform into actions and analyzed them to generate a list of traits required by an input device. Both the task analysis and device listings were combined mathematically to form a performance table which compared the input devices that could perform each individual action.","PeriodicalId":171918,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the IEEE 1995 National Aerospace and Electronics Conference. NAECON 1995","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131389991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Joint Modeling and Simulation System 1995","authors":"M.T. Savchitz, W. McQuay, K. Allen","doi":"10.1109/NAECON.1995.522024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAECON.1995.522024","url":null,"abstract":"The Joint Modeling and Simulation System (J-MASS) is defined to be an advanced architecture that will support the Department of Defense (DoD) Modeling and Simulation needs far into the next century. Through its open architecture and backplane approach, J-MASS supports DoD needs and provides an extensible and portable framework that will carry its application components well into the future. This paper provides the introduction to the J-MASS goals and program history. The system and its current capabilities are discussed for the J-MASS novice. Current design and development activities and specific plans for the next release of J-MASS are reviewed. The paper concludes with long range plans and user feedback mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":171918,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the IEEE 1995 National Aerospace and Electronics Conference. NAECON 1995","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133196720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A study on multi-stage tracking technique in T/R-R bistatic system","authors":"Cheng Yongguang, S. Zhongkang, Cheng Hongwei","doi":"10.1109/NAECON.1995.521940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAECON.1995.521940","url":null,"abstract":"When the communication link of a T/R-R bistatic radar system is affected by external interference, the number of usable measurements in it is variable. Therefore it is necessary to study some tracking algorithms concerning with different sets of measurement data. The multi-stage tracking technique proposed in the paper makes full use of measurement data in T/R and R station under different condition, as a result the tracking precision of 3-D moving targets is increased. The performance of these algorithms is evaluated with the help of computer simulation for typical target paths.","PeriodicalId":171918,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the IEEE 1995 National Aerospace and Electronics Conference. NAECON 1995","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131986951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A performance-based evaluation of B-2 cursor system gain functions for use on navigational update and targeting tasks","authors":"J. Doyal, G. E. Irvin, D. P. Ramer","doi":"10.1109/NAECON.1995.521992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAECON.1995.521992","url":null,"abstract":"Sixteen USAF crew members participated in experiments evaluating cursor slewing performance with the B-2 radar-embedded cursor system. Performance was evaluated with the current linear force/velocity function and an alternative sigmoidal function designed to elicit improved performance. One experiment utilized a radar update task requiring only fine positioning movements of the cursor. The second experiment consisted of a semi-operational targeting task in which both gross and fine positioning movements of the cursor were required. In addition, the effects of ambiguity of the target pixel and variability in cursor system processing delay were examined. In both experiments, the sigmoidal gain function elicited lower designation time and fewer overshoots than the linear function. Although accuracy of the final designation was not affected by gain function in either experiment, designation error was found to be less than one pixel when the target pixel was highlighted. Variability in the length of the cursor processing delay did not significantly impact designation error, designation time, or the number of overshoots. Subjectively, crew members unanimously preferred the sigmoidal function for performing aimpoint designation.","PeriodicalId":171918,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the IEEE 1995 National Aerospace and Electronics Conference. NAECON 1995","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114530054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An integrated GPS/INS/baro and radar altimeter system for aircraft precision approach landings","authors":"R. Gray, P. Maybeck","doi":"10.1109/NAECON.1995.521930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAECON.1995.521930","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, the Department of Defense (DOD) and the commercial airline industry are utilizing the Instrument Landing System (ILS) during aircraft landings for precision approaches. The replacement system for the aging ILS was thought to be the Microwave Landing System (MLS). Instead, use of the Global Positioning System (GPS) is now thought to be a viable replacement for ILS precision approaches. The majority of current precision landing research has exploited \"stand-alone\" GPS receiver techniques. This paper instead explores the possibilities of using an extended Kalman filter (EKF) that integrates an Inertial Navigation System (INS), GPS, Barometric Altimeter, Pseudolite and Radar Altimeter for aircraft precision approaches. This paper shows that integrating the INS, GPS, Barometric Altimeter and Radar Altimeter meets Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) requirements for a Category I precision approach, and additionally integrating a single Pseudolite meets FAA requirements for a category II precision approach.","PeriodicalId":171918,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the IEEE 1995 National Aerospace and Electronics Conference. NAECON 1995","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116068051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Virtual reality tool for flight control law verification","authors":"T. Sadeghi, S. Wall","doi":"10.1109/NAECON.1995.522031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAECON.1995.522031","url":null,"abstract":"The specific objective of this article is to describe a system using virtual reality concepts which allows the user to simulate and evaluate the performance of a control law design, including aircraft dynamics, in a visual manner. In this system, the computer controlled plane flies using the control laws under study while a virtual hand (controlled by a glove device) represents the target which the computer plane tries to fly to. In this way, the glove can be used to input evasive maneuvers while the computer controlled plane is observed to determine responsiveness and integrity. The computing platform used for this system is a 33 MHz, 80486 based personal computer. The glove input device is the Mattel PowerGlove modified for use on the computer. Stereo vision is provided by a pair of Sega shuttering lenses. The system software was developed using Borland's Turbo C++ compiler and is written entirely in the language \"C\". The graphics and interfacing software is provided by a public domain rendering library entitled \"Rend386\". The specific results obtained after developing the system include: the creation of a flexible, modular system which can be expanded as the need arises, a unique interface which provides an intuitive means to evaluate complicated control systems, the entire system is simple in design and is easily implemented using \"off the shelf\" virtual reality components (gloves, glasses, etc.).","PeriodicalId":171918,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the IEEE 1995 National Aerospace and Electronics Conference. NAECON 1995","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115249489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}