Journal of Sheikh Zayed Medical College最新文献

{"title":"Awareness of the mothers about Expanded Programme on Immunization and relation of immunization coverage with maternal education and Covid-19 Pandemic Lockdown","authors":"","doi":"10.47883/jszmc.v13i2.208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47883/jszmc.v13i2.208","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) prevents childhood fatal illnesses, and better coverage will raise herd immunity.\u0000\u0000Objective: To assess the knowledge of the mothers about Expanded Programme on Immunization of childhood vaccinations and relationship of the immunization coverage with mother's education and Covid-19 pandemic lock-down.\u0000\u0000Methodology: It was a cross-sectional study, conducted by using a pretested questionnaire. Settings: Paediatric outpatient department and EPI centre, Sadiq Abbasi Hospital Bahawalpur from 1st September to 15th November 2021. A total of 200 multigravida mothers having children <5 years, were included by convenient sampling technique. Data were collected through a proforma, containing information about demographic characteristics, EPI coverage of the child, and mothers' knowledge and attitude towards the EPI program. Data were analyzed with the help of SPSS version 21.\u0000\u0000Results: Among the total of 200 mothers, more than 90% were housewives and only 20% with more than 12 years of formal education. Only 3% of mothers answered correctly about the exact number of EPI vaccines. The awareness about the individual vaccine was 28% to 33%, except in the polio vaccine it was 70%, and in measles, it was 95%. Half of the mothers answered that EPI vaccines are safe, and half believe that they are effective as well. Working women and mothers with higher education status vaccinated themselves against covid-19 and also vaccinated their children according to the EPI schedule.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: Awareness regarding EPI is poor and maternal education status significantly affects EPI knowledge and practices, additionally covid-19 pandemic also affected the EPI practices.","PeriodicalId":171893,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sheikh Zayed Medical College","volume":"122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115467329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of therapeutic response of the Tocilizumab in SARS-CoV-2 associated cytokine storm: A single center experience","authors":"","doi":"10.47883/jszmc.v13i2.196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47883/jszmc.v13i2.196","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Critical COVID-19 patients may present with a cytokine storm-like phenomenon. IL-6 is found to be a key player in this cytokine storm, and COVID-19 severity is directly linked to the IL-6 levels.\u0000\u0000Objective: To assess the response of Tocilizumab during the inflammatory phase of COVID-19 patients.\u0000\u0000Methodology: This cross-sectional study was based on a retrospective collection of data from the records of a total of 17 COVID patients, admitted to the COVID Unit of Farooq Hospital, Lahore, from 1st October 2020 to 30th December 2020. The ethical review board of Akhtar Saeed Medical and Dental College, Lahore approved the research. All these patients received 8mg/kg of body weight Tocilizumab intravenously for pneumonia in COVID-19 patients. All these patients were evaluated for IL-6 levels in serum initially for 2-3 days (24-48 hours) before and after the 3rd day and 7th day of Tocilizumab infusion. The Electrochemiluminescence immunoassay method was used to quantify serum IL-6. The SPSS (v. 22.0) was used for analysis.\u0000\u0000Results: The analysis shows that the median (IQR) IL-6 levels prior to treatment with Actemra, three days after Actemra administration, and seven days after Actemra was administered, were 1879 (IQR=726-2842), 1136 (IQR=499-2266), and 438 (IQR=151-1085), respectively. The change in Il-6 levels before and after Actemra administration was statistically significant, (p=0.001). A notable difference was also observed between IL-6 levels with respect to Actemra administration after three and seven days (p=0.04). There was a statistically significant median difference in IL-6 levels seven days post-Actemra in patients who survived and died, (P=0.01).\u0000\u0000Conclusion: Tocilizumab administration along with sequential laboratory investigations particularly IL6 might be helpful in reducing the complications of cytokine storm in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia, resulting in better outcomes.","PeriodicalId":171893,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sheikh Zayed Medical College","volume":"331 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123101648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D deficiency in mother with small for gestational age newborns","authors":"","doi":"10.47883/jszmc.v13i01.205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47883/jszmc.v13i01.205","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy has many adverse effects like gestational diabetes, premature delivery,and hypertension.Vitamin D deficiency can also affect the developing fetus and it can result in smallfor gestational agebabies.\u0000\u0000Objective: To determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the mothers who have small for age neonates.\u0000\u0000Methodology: It was a cross-sectional study conducted from 18th October 2016 to 17th April 2017 at Obstetrics &GynecologyUnit, Jinnah Hospital, Lahore. All patients included in the study were assessed for having small for gestational age fetus clinically and ultrasonographically and the mode of delivery was decided according to the individual patient's condition. The weight of the neonate was recorded after birth, and 25 hydroxyvitamin D levels of mothers’ blood were done. All data were recorded on the pre-designed Performa and analyzed through statistical software of SPSS version 22. Chi-square test was applied taking p-value ≤ 0.05 as significant.\u0000\u0000Results: A total of 100 women were included in this study. All of these 100 women had small for gestational age newborns. Mean age of the women included in the study was 31.72±7.19 years. The mean gestational age of the fetus was 38.35±2.32 weeks. Vitamin D deficiency was present in 56% of females included in this study.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: This study showed that more than half of the mothers who had small for age neonates.","PeriodicalId":171893,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sheikh Zayed Medical College","volume":"238 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130950587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative study on Self-Esteem of Working and Non-working Women in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa","authors":"","doi":"10.47883/jszmc.v13i01.200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47883/jszmc.v13i01.200","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Even though the frequency of self-esteem is documented globally, however, the level of self-esteem and its contributing factors varies across the world and could be unique when we are talking about Pakistan due to unique local cultural and social beliefs.\u0000\u0000Objective: To compare the self-esteem level among working and non-working women in selected organizations of Peshawar, Pakistan.\u0000\u0000Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in selected areas (University Town and Hayatabad) Peshawar during 2018. Data was collected using Rosenberg's self-esteem scale (RSES). A total of 150 research participants (75 working and 75 were non-working each), were selected from the different institutes of Hayatabad and University Town. Analysis was carried out through SPSS-20. Chi-square test was used for comparing the frequency while t-test was used for comparing the mean considering a p-value ≤0.05 as significant. \u0000\u0000Results: A total of 150 subjects with a mean age of 33.9±6.9 years (range 25-50 years) participated in the study. The self-esteem of the overall subjects revealed a mean score of 17.9±5.4 (ranged from 1 to 28). The prevalence of low self-esteem was 42 (28%), out of whom 40 (26.7%) accounted in non-working women and only 2 (1.3%) were found in working women (p=0.001). Furthermore, 5 (3.3%) were found with high self-esteem levels out of whom 4 (2.7%) were from working women and only 1 (0.7%) were from non-working ( p=0.0001).\u0000\u0000Conclusion: It is concluded that a higher proportion of non-working women have low self-esteem as compared to working women, indicating that the alternate hypothesis was true i.e. self-esteem of working women is higher as compared to non-working women.","PeriodicalId":171893,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sheikh Zayed Medical College","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114400965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Covid-19 Preventive Measures in Post Pandemic Era","authors":"","doi":"10.47883/jszmc.v13i01.216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47883/jszmc.v13i01.216","url":null,"abstract":"By the grace of ALLAH Almighty, the world is nearing the end of this deadly and distressing pandemic that has paralyzed life on earth for more than two years now. The preventive measures which have been proved effective in controlling/curtailing the spread of this disease were covering the nose and mouth both by the patient and general public, hand hygiene (washing/sanitizing), and social distancing at all levels (personal, family, cities & countries).1 Due to aggressive advocacy for the adoption of these measures by health authorities and communication widely in social, print, and electronic media, there is a risk of developing an understanding that these are covid specific measures. Once the pandemic is over, people may abandon all those. It must be realized that these measures are very helpful not only in the prevention of diseases but also in the promotion of healthy life. Evidence of which should be communicated to masses and all the concerned, that these measures should be carried on during post-pandemic period as well.\u0000\u0000Evidence in support of hand hygiene is available in the literature. Handwashing with soap and water can effectively reduce (50% reduction)2 diarrheal diseases and foodborne illness and infections.3 It can reduce the risk of respiratory infections in the general population by 16-21%.4 Studies have shown that an organized education in the general population has significantly reduced diarrheal disease (up to 58%) in the general population. Similarly, handwashing education reduced the proration of children missing their schools due to gastrointestinal infection by 29.57%.5 It is estimated that over a million deaths can be prevented every year if hand washing is universally adopted.6\u0000\u0000It is an established fact that the majority of respiratory infections including viral ones are airborne. Cough and sneezes produce droplets which are responsible for the spread of these diseases.7 During this pandemic, it is widely approved that covering the mouth and nose during coughing or sneezing can effectively prevent the spread of covid-19. This is equally true for all other respiratory infections as well. It is well known to the general public that if one member had flue, in due course of time, all other members are bond to get it. By proper education of covering every cough and sneeze, we can effectively reduce respiratory infections in the community.\u0000\u0000Lastly, I want to draw attention to the role of social distancing in post covid era. Every community experience small outbreaks of respiratory tract infections, especially in the winter and spring season, of course, we do not require lockdowns for this situation but anybody who suffer from an infectious disease like flue, must isolate him at home in a room for 5-7 days, the other family members, the school mats and the families of school-going children and work colleagues of adults can be saved.\u0000\u0000Keeping in mind the expected benefits of these measures, campaigns should be planned and execute","PeriodicalId":171893,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sheikh Zayed Medical College","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128952827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Zinc in Patients of Prostatic Carcinoma","authors":"","doi":"10.47883/jszmc.v13i01.96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47883/jszmc.v13i01.96","url":null,"abstract":"ackground: Zinc is an essential trace element, with the primary function to manufacture proteins and nucleic acid. It has an important role in the healthy functioning of the prostate gland.\u0000\u0000Objective: To assess the correlation of serum zinc level with the progression of prostatic carcinoma.\u0000\u0000Methodology: This cross-sectional study was done on 100 subjects with enlarged prostate, who underwent prostatectomy, were selected from Urology OPD, Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore from October 2011 to November 2017. A total of 70 individuals who were positive for prostate malignancy were included in the patient's group, and 30 individuals found to be negative for prostate malignancy, were included in the control group. The patient group was further divided into subgroups based on Gleason's score and stages of prostate cancer. Analysis of serum zinc was performed in the patient and the control group. SPSS version 20 was used for data analysis.\u0000\u0000Results: Mean serum zinc value (46.75±2.89 ug/dl) among prostate cancer patients was significantly lower from mean serum zinc value (88.27±7.8 ug/dl) of the control group (p-value 0.001). Serum zinc level in 1A (Stage 1), 47.89±3.96; 1B (Stage 2), 46.08±1.97; 1C (Stage 3), 45.35±3.06; and 1D (Stage 4), 42.51±2.68 had an inverse correlation to Gleason Score, showing serum zinc level decreased in subgroups as their Gleason Score, and stage of prostate carcinoma progressed.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: In this study, it may be concluded that serum zinc has a negative correlation to tumor progression and may be used as a biochemical indicator for its progression and prognosis.","PeriodicalId":171893,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sheikh Zayed Medical College","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120980344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global health and its role","authors":"","doi":"10.47883/jszmc.v13i01.211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47883/jszmc.v13i01.211","url":null,"abstract":"Global health deals with the health of the populations in a worldwide context; it is defined as \"the area of study, research and practice that places a priority on improving health and achieving equity in health for all people worldwide\".1 A disease threat anywhere is a disease threat everywhere, and responding when and where health threats arise, disregarded to national borders, and the support is mainly from the multilateral donors. It deals with the problems which transcend the national borders or may have global political, and/or economic impact. So the global health is related with the improvement of worldwide health, which ranges from diarrheal diseases, respiratory infections including COVID-19, HIV/AIDS, and maternal health issues, among others. Such diseases have the potentials to produce disparities and global threats beyond the borders. Sometimes, global health is compared and confused with international health, which is actually a branch of public health dealing with support from the developed countries to the developing countries. Global health came outfrom the public health, and the international health, which earlier evolved from the hygiene and the tropical medicine. \u0000\u0000The key characteristics that have a role in making the definition of the global health are; equity in the health status of the communities and their access to healthcare; a global conceptualization as against to international or between the nations perspective; causes of the health problems; means and resources for the health interventions; conceptual source of the obligation i-e its the duty of privileged to help and take care of those with fewer resources; a multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary approach means involving other professions with the health profession for improving health; stakeholders or actors such as individuals or groups; reactive or proactive approach in the provision of health globally.2\u0000\u0000The major organizations dealing with global health are World Health Organization (WHO), UNICEF, CDC, PAHO, and Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation among others. Sustainable Development Goals and their predecessor Millennium Development Goals were formulated by United Nation to enhance comprehensive and coordinated efforts across sectors to address the socioeconomic determinants, playing role in global health threats. Global Health is measured in terms of prevalence and incidence of some the diseases, mortality from the diseases, life expectancy, DALYs, and QALYs.\u0000\u0000The cooperation on Global Health initiatives for Global Health started with the establishment of the United Nations and the World Bank Group in 1945. Three years later in 1948, World Health Organization was formed. The concept of primary healthcare after the Alma Ata declaration in 1978 was another milestone. In the year 2000, fifteen years, eight Millennium Development Goals were formulated to address the main problems facing human development. Although these development goals were not achieved fully","PeriodicalId":171893,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sheikh Zayed Medical College","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121657711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of CD138 as Diagnostic Tool for Chronic Endometritis in Infertility","authors":"","doi":"10.47883/jszmc.v13i01.166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47883/jszmc.v13i01.166","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Chronic endometritis (CE) can present in different ways. Various studies have proved the association between CE and infertility. As the data on the analysis of CD138 immunostain as a diagnostic tool for CE is scarce, this study was designed to compare CD138 with H&E for the diagnosis of CE.\u0000\u0000Objective: To compare the results of CD138 immunostain with Hematoxylin and Eosin staining for diagnosis of chronic endometritis.\u0000\u0000Methodology: Study design: Cross-sectional study. Place of study: Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad. Duration of study: January to September 2018. A total of 100 patients meeting selection criteria were included in the study. All patients had at least one-year history of infertility. Specimen were assessed on both H&E and CD138 immunostain and then results were compared. Data were analyzed by using SPSS version 20.\u0000\u0000Results: A total of 100 biopsies from females having infertility were included in the study. The mean age of patients was 33.4±4.3 years. A total of 32 out of 100 cases were found to be positive on H&E stain and 36 cases were positive on CD138 and 27 cases were true positive and 59 were true negative.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: CD138 has increased sensitivity in diagnosing Chronic Endometritis as comparing it with conventional H&E staining.","PeriodicalId":171893,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sheikh Zayed Medical College","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128606411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Middle Cerebral Artery Doppler and Cord Blood Hemoglobin in the Diagnosis of Fetal Anemia among Rh-negative Pregnant Women","authors":"","doi":"10.47883/jszmc.v13i01.212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47883/jszmc.v13i01.212","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Most prevalent cause of fetal anemia is Rh incompatibility between the mother's and the fetus's blood types, where antibodies from the mother damage the fetus's red blood cells causing fetal hemolytic anemia.\u0000\u0000Objective: To compare the Doppler of the middle cerebral artery of the fetus and cord blood hemoglobin to diagnose fetal anemia among Rh-negative women in the last trimester of pregnancy.\u0000\u0000Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the Gynecology & Obstetrics Department, Mercy Teaching Hospital Peshawar, from February 2020 to May 2021. A total of 126 Rh-negative blood group women were included who were in the last trimester of the pregnancy. Ethical approval was obtained from Ethics Committee and informed written consent was taken from the study participants. Middle cerebral artery Doppler peak systolic velocity was checked at 28th, 32nd, and 34th week of gestation. If middle cerebral artery Doppler peak systolic velocity changes were present, then patients were closely monitored and managed appropriately for post-delivery assessment of cord blood fetal anemia. A pre-designed structured proforma was used to collect patient details.\u0000\u0000Results: Mean age of 126 pregnant mothers was 28±7 years, and the mean parity was 4.57±2. The overall frequency of fetal anemia among Rh-negative women predicted by middle cerebral artery Doppler peak systolic velocity was 59 (46.8%), while anemia on cord blood sampling after delivery was found in 43 (34.1%) of babies. No anemia was found in 83 (65.8%) study participants. The sensitivity and specificity of middle cerebral artery Doppler were 100% and 84% respectively.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: Middle cerebral artery Doppler can be a simple noninvasive method to detect fetal anemia before the development of hydrops fetalis with high sensitivity and specificity.","PeriodicalId":171893,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sheikh Zayed Medical College","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132827934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Habits Dietary Habits and Oral Health Practices among Children with Early Childhood Caries and Caries Free Children: A Case-Control Study","authors":"","doi":"10.47883/jszmc.v12i4.202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47883/jszmc.v12i4.202","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Dietary habits and practices affect dental health.\u0000\u0000Objective: To determine the dietary habits and oral health practices among children with early childhood caries and caries-free children.\u0000\u0000Methodology: Study Design: Case-control study. Study setting and duration: Department of Operative Dentistry and Oral Pathology HBS Medical and Dental College, Islamabad, from November 2018 to September 2021. Sample of 212 children (106 cases, 106 controls) having either sex, ages between 2 to 5 years with minimum of 12 erupted teeth (including lost) were enrolled in this study. Children's clinical examination was done on dental chair using explorer and mouth mirror. Current study focused on the relationship between oral practices, feeding habits, and early childhood caries.\u0000\u0000Results: Two hundred and twelve children, 90 (42.45%) male were included. Among these 106 were caries-free and 106 had early childhood caries. Children having early childhood caries (ECC) were mostly firstborn, 72.38% in contrast with children without ECC, 55.24%. (p=0.005). Mean of the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) of children with early childhood caries was 5.2 (3.9). A greater number of children with ECC were observed to visit the dental doctor as compared to children without ECC (31.3% vs. 7.54%; p=0.0001). Brushing was observed in 61.32% of children having ECC and in children without ECC it was 69.81%, p=0.71.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: In this study, the use of bottle feeding among children with early childhood caries, along with delay in starting oral practices in the form of dentists visits and first birth orders was significantly associated with the development of Early Childhood Caries.","PeriodicalId":171893,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sheikh Zayed Medical College","volume":"13 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120855928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}