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The Diurnal Variations of Ozone at Different Altitudes on a Rural Mountain in the Eastern United States 美国东部农村山区不同高度臭氧的日变化
Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association Pub Date : 1987-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/08940630.1987.10466199
G. Wolff, P. Lioy, R. Taylor
{"title":"The Diurnal Variations of Ozone at Different Altitudes on a Rural Mountain in the Eastern United States","authors":"G. Wolff, P. Lioy, R. Taylor","doi":"10.1080/08940630.1987.10466199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08940630.1987.10466199","url":null,"abstract":"Because O/sub 3/ has been mentioned as a possible contributor to the decline of forests at high altitudes in Europe and in the U.S., it is important to understand the diurnal behavior of ozone at higher altitudes. The data collected in this study, conducted on a 550-m mountain near the common border of New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania, show that daily maximum ozone concentrations and mid-day concentrations are similar at different altitudes but the ozone dosages increase with height. The lower the site, the more time the site is below the nocturnal inversion layer where the ozone is rapidly depleted. A site located at 500 m received an average ozone dose 32 percent greater than at the 300-m level and 72 percent greater than at the 140-m level.","PeriodicalId":17188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association","volume":" 80","pages":"45-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91415512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 25
On the occurrence of transient puffs in a rotary kiln incinerator simulator I. Prototype solid plastic wastes 回转窑焚烧炉模拟装置中瞬态泡烟的发生研究I.固体塑料废弃物的原型
Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association Pub Date : 1987-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/08940630.1987.10466202
W. Linak, J. Kilgroe, J. McSorley, J. Wendt, J. Dunn
{"title":"On the occurrence of transient puffs in a rotary kiln incinerator simulator I. Prototype solid plastic wastes","authors":"W. Linak, J. Kilgroe, J. McSorley, J. Wendt, J. Dunn","doi":"10.1080/08940630.1987.10466202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08940630.1987.10466202","url":null,"abstract":"In the operation of practical rotary kiln incinerators, the hazardous waste charge is often introduced in drums or containers in a batch mode. The ensuing transient condition, caused by the rapid devolatilization of waste materials, can momentarily deplete or displace local levels of excess oxygen in the kiln, resulting in heavy transient loadings of unburned gaseous and particulate hydrocarbons (here denoted as \"puffs\") leaving the kUn. This system upset must then be handled by an afterburner and subsequent air pollution control devices downstream. Such an overcharging or transient condition may even result in unacceptably low destruction of principal organic hazardous constituents (POHC) and the formation of products of incomplete combustion (PIC). A 73-kW (250,000-Btu/h) rotary kiln simulator was designed and constructed to provide engineering insight into the chemical and physical parameters associated with failure mode conditions. To this end, a statistically designed parametric investigation was und...","PeriodicalId":17188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association","volume":"8 1","pages":"54-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80275032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 47
Physicochemical Fate of Sulfate in Soils 硫酸盐在土壤中的物理化学命运
Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association Pub Date : 1987-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/08940630.1987.10466197
M. Tabatabai
{"title":"Physicochemical Fate of Sulfate in Soils","authors":"M. Tabatabai","doi":"10.1080/08940630.1987.10466197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08940630.1987.10466197","url":null,"abstract":"Sulfur occurs in soils in organic and inorganic forms, with the inorganic S accounting for < 5 percent of the total S in most soils from humid and semihumid regions. Sulfate in soils may occur as water-soluble salts, adsorbed by soil colloids, or as insoluble forms. Considerable seasonal fluctuations in the concentration of soluble SO4 2− in surface soils occur as a result of interaction of seasonal conditions on the mineralization of organic S, leaching, and uptake by plants. Soils vary widely in their capacity to adsorb SO4 2− . Sulfate adsorption is readily reversible and the amount of SO4 2− adsorbed is concentration and temperature dependent. The capacity of soil to adsorb SO4 2− depends upon clay content, nature of clay minerals, pH, associated cation, and the amount of hydrous Al and Fe oxides. The mechanisms of SO4 2− retention by soils involve coordination with hydrous oxides, exchange on edges of silicate clays, incorporation in mineral structures, and molecular adsorption. For acid soils, SO4 2...","PeriodicalId":17188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association","volume":"11 1","pages":"34-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89658574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 29
An Assessment of the Long-Term Performance of Gas Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems 气体连续排放监测系统的长期性能评价
Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association Pub Date : 1987-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/08940630.1987.10466196
R. Rollins, T. Logan, M. Midgett, J. Jernigan, J. W. Peeler
{"title":"An Assessment of the Long-Term Performance of Gas Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems","authors":"R. Rollins, T. Logan, M. Midgett, J. Jernigan, J. W. Peeler","doi":"10.1080/08940630.1987.10466196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08940630.1987.10466196","url":null,"abstract":"A field test program was conducted to evaluate the long-term performance of several gas continuous emission monitoring systems (CEMS).* This paper presents the results gathered on the long-term accuracy and calibration drift characteristics of ten CEMS installed at scrubber-controlled, coal-fired power plants. The program involved periodic accuracy audits and a review of available calibration drift data for selected CEMS. Accuracy audit results show that both SO2 and NOx CEMS are capable of providing accurate data on a long-term basis. However, frequent audits are necessary in order to verify the performance of an individual CEMS. The results of the calibration drift data evaluation show that despite infrequent occurrences of excessive drift, CEMS operated with a significant bias for extended time periods simply because corrective action was not taken in a timely manner.","PeriodicalId":17188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association","volume":"82 1","pages":"27-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74855194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Practical Guide to Trial Burns for Hazardous Waste Incinerators 危险废物焚化炉试烧实用指引
Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association Pub Date : 1987-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/08940630.1987.10466203
P. Gorman, R. Hathaway, D. Wallace, A. Trenholm
{"title":"A Practical Guide to Trial Burns for Hazardous Waste Incinerators","authors":"P. Gorman, R. Hathaway, D. Wallace, A. Trenholm","doi":"10.1080/08940630.1987.10466203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08940630.1987.10466203","url":null,"abstract":"This guide concentrates on those aspects of a trial burn that are the most important and those that are potentially troublesome. It contains practical explanations based on experience of Midwest Research Institute (MRI) and others in conducting trial burns and related tests for EPA. Comments of several industrial plant owners and operators are included in the Guide. It is directed mainly to incinerator operators, those who may conduct the actual sampling and analysis and those who must interpret trial burn results, but it will also be useful for regulatory personnel and others who need to understand trial burns. Potential trouble spots that have been encountered are: (1) trial burns frequently take more time and effort than an operator anticipates and (2) failure to meet the trial burn requirements. This project summary was developed byEPA’s Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH, to announce key findings of the research project that is fully documented in a separate report of the...","PeriodicalId":17188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association","volume":"43 1","pages":"66-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85142512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Improved Predictions of Plume Perception with a Human Visual System Model 用人类视觉系统模型改进羽感预测
Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association Pub Date : 1986-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/00022470.1986.10466186
R. Henry
{"title":"Improved Predictions of Plume Perception with a Human Visual System Model","authors":"R. Henry","doi":"10.1080/00022470.1986.10466186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00022470.1986.10466186","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes incorporation of a human visual system model in the widely used plume visibility model PLUVUE. The results will be of interest to all involved with siting new sources for which visibility of the plume is a concern and to visibility researchers. The human visual system model allows inclusion of size and shape effects on the perceptibility of a plume. Example calculations are given for 2250- and 1600-MW power plants which show that size and shape effects can reduce the predicted perceptibility by up to a factor three.","PeriodicalId":17188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association","volume":"51 1","pages":"1353-1356"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86147918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Calculation of σZ and H for an observed vertical profile of concentration 浓度垂直剖面的σZ和H计算
Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association Pub Date : 1986-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/00022470.1986.10466187
J. Halitsky
{"title":"Calculation of σZ and H for an observed vertical profile of concentration","authors":"J. Halitsky","doi":"10.1080/00022470.1986.10466187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00022470.1986.10466187","url":null,"abstract":"In extracting Gaussian plume parameters from transverse profiles of concentration measured in model or full-scale tests of dispersion from an elevated source, a common practice is to employ a statistical best-fit procedure in conjunction with the general equation. This involves 1) a calculation of x by Equation 1 for each data point (y,z) using known parameter Q and combinations of assumed parameters sigma/sub y/, sigma/sub z/, u and H; 2) a comparison of calculated and observed values of x; and 3) minimization of the discrepancy for the complete data set.","PeriodicalId":17188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association","volume":"31 1","pages":"1357-1359"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78031708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A new audit technique for EPA Method 25. EPA方法25的一种新的审计技术。
Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association Pub Date : 1986-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/00022470.1986.10466184
R K Jayanty, J A Sokash, G B Howe, R G Fuerst, T J Logan, M R Midgett
{"title":"A new audit technique for EPA Method 25.","authors":"R K Jayanty,&nbsp;J A Sokash,&nbsp;G B Howe,&nbsp;R G Fuerst,&nbsp;T J Logan,&nbsp;M R Midgett","doi":"10.1080/00022470.1986.10466184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00022470.1986.10466184","url":null,"abstract":"A simple, inexpensive, and accurate technique for evaluating or auditing the sampling, recovery, and analytical phases of EPA Source Reference Method 25 has been developed. The technique involves spiking a U-shaped stainless steel cartridge containing Tenax® with known quantities of selected organic compounds and thermally desorbing them at temperatures from 160°C to 180°C to generate organic vapors quantitatively. The major advantages of this technique are that no other measurement methods can be used to determine the generated organic concentrations in lieu of Method 25; and that the cartridge can easily be taken to the field for evaluation. The organic compounds generated in test runs are collected and analyzed using the Method 25 procedure. The generation of organics is quantitative and recoveries were found to be 100 ± 10%. The time required for desorption of the majority of organics is generally less than forty-five minutes at a flow rate of 100 mL/min; however, based on laboratory experience the re...","PeriodicalId":17188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association","volume":"36 12","pages":"1342-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00022470.1986.10466184","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14924066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Respiratory responses of exercising asthmatic volunteers exposed to sulfuric acid aerosol. 暴露于硫酸气溶胶下运动哮喘志愿者的呼吸反应。
Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association Pub Date : 1986-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/00022470.1986.10466181
W S Linn, E L Avol, D A Shamoo, J D Whynot, K R Anderson, J D Hackney
{"title":"Respiratory responses of exercising asthmatic volunteers exposed to sulfuric acid aerosol.","authors":"W S Linn,&nbsp;E L Avol,&nbsp;D A Shamoo,&nbsp;J D Whynot,&nbsp;K R Anderson,&nbsp;J D Hackney","doi":"10.1080/00022470.1986.10466181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00022470.1986.10466181","url":null,"abstract":"Young asthmatic adult volunteers (N = 27) were exposed in an environmental chamber to sulfuric acid aerosol at concentrations near 0, 122, 242, and 410 μg/m3, in purified background air at 22° C and 50 percent relative humidity. The polydisperse aerosol had a mass median aerodynamic diameter near 0.6 μm. Exposures occurred in random order at one-week intervals. Each lasted 1 h, during which subjects exercised (mean ventilation 42 L/min) and rested during alternate 10-min periods. Specific airway resistance and forced expiratory function were measured pre-exposure, after the initial exercise, and at end-exposure. Bronchial reactivity was determined by challenge with cold air immediately post-exposure. Symptoms were monitored during exposure for one week afterward. Exercise-induced bronchospasm was observed under all conditions. Physiologic and symptom changes possibly attributable to sulfuric acid exposure were small and not statistically significant. Our largely negative results contrast with positive fin...","PeriodicalId":17188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association","volume":"36 12","pages":"1323-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00022470.1986.10466181","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14924063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 27
The characterization of ozone, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide for selected monitoring sites in the Federal Republic of Germany. 德意志联邦共和国选定监测点的臭氧、二氧化硫和二氧化氮特征。
Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association Pub Date : 1986-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/00022470.1986.10466182
A S Lefohn, V A Mohnen
{"title":"The characterization of ozone, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide for selected monitoring sites in the Federal Republic of Germany.","authors":"A S Lefohn,&nbsp;V A Mohnen","doi":"10.1080/00022470.1986.10466182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00022470.1986.10466182","url":null,"abstract":"Ambient ozone, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide data collected at 11 rural gaseous air pollution monitoring stations located throughout the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) were characterized to provide a basis for investigating the effect these air pollutants may have on forest decline. For any given year, with the exception of the Waldhof site, the ozone monitoring sites did not experience more than 50 occurrences of hourly mean concentrations equal to or above 0.10 ppm. In most cases, the number of occurrences equal to or above 0.10 ppm at the FRG ozone monitoring sites was below the number experienced at a rural forested site located at Whiteface Mountain, New York. Several of the FRG monitoring sites experienced a large number of occurrences of hourly mean ozone concentrations between 0.08 and 0.10 ppm. Hof, Selb, Arzberg, and Waldhof experienced several occurrences of elevated levels of sulfur dioxide concentrations. The nitrogen dioxide 24-h mean concentrations were low for all sites. Because ...","PeriodicalId":17188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association","volume":"36 12","pages":"1329-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00022470.1986.10466182","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14924064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 32
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