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Errors in grab sample measurements of N2O from combustion sources 从燃烧源抓取N2O样品测量误差
Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association Pub Date : 1989-03-01 DOI: 10.1080/08940630.1989.10466528
L. Muzio, M. Teague, J. Kramlich, J. A. Cole, J. Mccarthy, R. Lyon
{"title":"Errors in grab sample measurements of N2O from combustion sources","authors":"L. Muzio, M. Teague, J. Kramlich, J. A. Cole, J. Mccarthy, R. Lyon","doi":"10.1080/08940630.1989.10466528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08940630.1989.10466528","url":null,"abstract":"An artifact in the use of grab sampling techniques for the measurement of N2O emissions from fossil fuel combustion has been identified. Storing combustion products containing SO2, NOX and water for periods as short as two hours can lead to the formation of several hundred parts per million of N2O where none originally existed. The amount of N2O formed depends both on the amount of NOX and SO2 originally in the container. The experimental results are supported by a proposed chemical mechanism and kinetic calculations. An investigation of sampling protocols indicate that drying the gas to a 0°C dewpoint before introduction in the container reduces, but does not eliminate, N2O formation. More complete drying may yield a valid sample although this approach has, as yet, not been evaluated. Valid grab samples can be obtained by either 1) removing the SO2 before introducing the gas into the container; or 2) increasing the pH of the aqueous phase in the container with NaOH. The findings of this work have importa...","PeriodicalId":17188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90485055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 54
GLOBAL EMISSIONS OF NITROGEN AND SULFUR OXIDES FROM 1860 TO 1980 1860年至1980年全球氮氧化物和硫氧化物排放量
Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association Pub Date : 1989-02-01 DOI: 10.1080/08940630.1989.10466519
J. Dignon, S. Hameed
{"title":"GLOBAL EMISSIONS OF NITROGEN AND SULFUR OXIDES FROM 1860 TO 1980","authors":"J. Dignon, S. Hameed","doi":"10.1080/08940630.1989.10466519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08940630.1989.10466519","url":null,"abstract":"Statistical models have been developed that relate the rate of emissions of a pollutant to the rate of fuel consumption. These relations may be used to estimate emissions in other regions, or at other times, if fuel consumption data are available. This approach has been used to estimate global emissions of nitrogen and sulfur oxides in fossil fuel combustion at ten year intervals from 1860 to 1980. Emissions from each of the populated continents, i.e., North America, South America, Asia, Europe, Africa and Oceania from 1930 to 1980 are also presented. When averaged globally over the 1860 to 1980 period, sulfur emissions increased at the rate of 2.9 percent per year and the nitrogen emissions at the rate of 3.4 percent per year. The ratio of global sulfur emissions to nitrogen emissions has declined steadily; it was nearly 5 in the 19th century and became 3 by 1980. After the second world war, the most rapid increases in emissions have been registered in Asia, South America, and Africa.","PeriodicalId":17188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79967626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 135
Rotary Kiln Injection I. An Indepth Study—Liquid Injection 回转窑注射1 .液体注射的深入研究
Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association Pub Date : 1989-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/08940630.1989.10466510
V. Cundy, T. Lester, A. Sterling, J. S. Morse, Alfred N. Montestruc, C. B. Leger, S. Acharya, D. W. Pershing
{"title":"Rotary Kiln Injection I. An Indepth Study—Liquid Injection","authors":"V. Cundy, T. Lester, A. Sterling, J. S. Morse, Alfred N. Montestruc, C. B. Leger, S. Acharya, D. W. Pershing","doi":"10.1080/08940630.1989.10466510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08940630.1989.10466510","url":null,"abstract":"A multlfaceted experimental and theoretical program directed toward the understanding of rotary kiln performance is underway. University, Industry and government participation is involved. This paper, the first In a series, presents a general discussion of the overall programmatic goals, followed by a brief description of the sub-programs Including: in-situ measurements from an industrial-scale rotary kiln located at the Louisiana Division of Dow Chemical USA in Plaquemine, Louisiana; laboratory-scale desorption characterization and klln-slmulator studies; and incinerator modeling efforts. Water-cooled probes have been used to obtain gas samples from the kiln and the afterburner of an Industrial-scale facility. The samples were analyzed using GC and GC/MS techniques. We include in this communication a report on these preliminary measurements.","PeriodicalId":17188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84777903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
SARA Title III: Pitfalls and Practicalities 第三章:陷阱和实用性
Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association Pub Date : 1989-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/08940630.1989.10466503
M. Levin, D. Spence
{"title":"SARA Title III: Pitfalls and Practicalities","authors":"M. Levin, D. Spence","doi":"10.1080/08940630.1989.10466503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08940630.1989.10466503","url":null,"abstract":"Direct regulation mandating control, cleanup and other requirements for what used to be known as \"industrial waste\" imposes heavy enough burdens. But the limitations of such chemical-by-chemical or wastestream by waste-stream approaches—cumbersome rulemaking, lack of knowledge of feasible control technologies, and the resources required to regulate hundreds of individual substances or production processes— are becoming increasingly obvious to citizens and regulatory agencies. Through public referenda, results like Proposition 65 in California, and statutory worker- protection or right-to-know provisions, the toxics world is shifting toward public disclosure of hazardous substances or releases as a way to address whole clusters of perceived environmental risks at once. SARA Title III is a prime example of such a \"nonregulatory\" approach to third-generation environmental problems. It illustrates the trend toward this kind of approach, as well as its impact and the issues that are raised. It also illustrates...","PeriodicalId":17188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86811374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Characterization of Emissions from a Methanol Fueled Motor Vehicle 甲醇燃料汽车排放特性分析
Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association Pub Date : 1989-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/08940630.1989.10466507
R. Snow, Linnie Baker, W. Crews, C. O. Davis, J. Duncan, N. Perry, Paula Siudak, F. D. Stump, W. Ray, J. N. Braddock
{"title":"Characterization of Emissions from a Methanol Fueled Motor Vehicle","authors":"R. Snow, Linnie Baker, W. Crews, C. O. Davis, J. Duncan, N. Perry, Paula Siudak, F. D. Stump, W. Ray, J. N. Braddock","doi":"10.1080/08940630.1989.10466507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08940630.1989.10466507","url":null,"abstract":"Exhaust, evaporative, and refueling emissions were examined from a methanol fueled Ford Escort operated with M85 (85 percent methanol-15 percent gasoline) and M100 (100 percent methanol) fuels. Exhaust and evaporative emissions were examined for vehicle operation at summer and winter ambient temperatures, while refueling emissions were examined at typical summer temperatures. Regulated emissions (total hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides) as well as formaldehyde, methanol, and detailed hydrocarbon emissions were examined. Results indicated that carbon monoxide, methanol, hydrocarbon, and formaldehyde exhaust emissions increased substantially when the vehicle was operated at reduced temperatures. Formaldehyde emissions were more fuel sensitive than hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide and methanol emissions. A significant portion of the total organic evaporative and refueling emissions with M85 fuel was comprised of hydrocarbons. Both hydrocarbon and methanol evaporative emissions were dependent on test...","PeriodicalId":17188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81337633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
The Role of Atmospheric Chemistry in Climate Change 大气化学在气候变化中的作用
Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association Pub Date : 1989-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/08940630.1989.10466502
D. Wuebbles, K. Grant, P. Connell, J. Penner
{"title":"The Role of Atmospheric Chemistry in Climate Change","authors":"D. Wuebbles, K. Grant, P. Connell, J. Penner","doi":"10.1080/08940630.1989.10466502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08940630.1989.10466502","url":null,"abstract":"Surface emissions and concentrations of globally important trace gases are increasing. Climate models indicate significant temperature increases could occur in the next century due to increasing CO...","PeriodicalId":17188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76102482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 75
Low NOx, high-efficiency multistaged burner: fuel-oil results 低氮氧化物，高效多级燃烧器:燃油效果
Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association Pub Date : 1988-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/08940630.1988.10466466
J. Mulholland, R. Srivastava
{"title":"Low NOx, high-efficiency multistaged burner: fuel-oil results","authors":"J. Mulholland, R. Srivastava","doi":"10.1080/08940630.1988.10466466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08940630.1988.10466466","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the fuel-oil portion of an evaluation, utilizing a multistaged combustion burner designed for in-furnace NOx control and high combustion efficiency, for high nitrogen-content fuel and waste-incineration application in a 0.6-MW package boiler simulator. A low-NOx precombustion chamber burner was reduced in size by about a factor of two (from 600 to 250 ms first-stage residence time) and coupled with (1) air staging, resulting in a three-stage configuration, and (2) natural gas fuel staging, yielding up to four stoichiometric zones. Natural gas, doped with ammonia to yield a 5.8% fuel nitrogen content, and distillate fuel oil, doped with pyridine to yield a 2% fuel nitrogen content, were used to simulate high nitrogen content fuel/waste mixtures. The multistaged burner reduced NO emissions by 85% from emission levels from a conventional unstaged burner mounted on a commercial package boiler. A minimum NO emission level of 110 ppm was achieved in the fuel-oil tests, from a level of 765 ppm for conventional firing.","PeriodicalId":17188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87838822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Evidence of Growth Reduction in Ozone-Injured Jeffrey Pine (Pinus Jeffreyi Grev. and Balf.) in Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks 臭氧损伤的杰弗里松(Pinus Jeffreyi Grev)生长减少的证据。红杉和国王峡谷国家公园
Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association Pub Date : 1987-08-01 DOI: 10.1080/08940630.1987.10466283
D. Peterson, M. Arbaugh, Victoria A. Wakefield, P. R. Miller
{"title":"Evidence of Growth Reduction in Ozone-Injured Jeffrey Pine (Pinus Jeffreyi Grev. and Balf.) in Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks","authors":"D. Peterson, M. Arbaugh, Victoria A. Wakefield, P. R. Miller","doi":"10.1080/08940630.1987.10466283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08940630.1987.10466283","url":null,"abstract":"Evidence is presented for a reduction in radial growth of Jeffrey pine in the mixed conifer forest of Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks, California. Mean annual radial increment of trees with symptoms of ozone injury was 11 percent less than trees at sites without ozone injury. Larger diameter trees (>40 cm) and older trees (>100 yr) had greater decreases in growth than smaller and younger trees. Differences in radial growth patterns of injured and uninjured trees were prominent after 1965. Winter precipitation accounted for a large proportion of the variance in growth of all trees, although ozone-stressed trees were more sensitive to interannual variation in precipitation and temperature during recent years. These results corroborate surveys of visible ozone injury to foliage and are the first evidence of forest growth reduction associated with ozone injury in North America outside the Los Angeles basin.","PeriodicalId":17188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83122468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 86
Determination of the sodium carbonate-sulfur dioxide reaction rate coefficient at 450°F 450°F时碳酸钠-二氧化硫反应速率系数的测定
Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association Pub Date : 1987-07-01 DOI: 10.1080/08940630.1987.10466276
A. W. Stelson
{"title":"Determination of the sodium carbonate-sulfur dioxide reaction rate coefficient at 450°F","authors":"A. W. Stelson","doi":"10.1080/08940630.1987.10466276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08940630.1987.10466276","url":null,"abstract":"Various solid sorbents have been identified as potential candidates for flue gas desulfurization schemes. This research will demonstrate a theoretical and graphical technique which yields the particle size independent reaction rate coefficient from thin bed sorbent studies.","PeriodicalId":17188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84138276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Transformations of Organic and Inorganic Sulfur: Importance to Sulfate Flux in an Adirondack Forest Soil 有机和无机硫的转化:对阿迪朗达克森林土壤中硫酸盐通量的重要性
Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association Pub Date : 1987-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/08940630.1987.10466198
M. David, M. Mitchell
{"title":"Transformations of Organic and Inorganic Sulfur: Importance to Sulfate Flux in an Adirondack Forest Soil","authors":"M. David, M. Mitchell","doi":"10.1080/08940630.1987.10466198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08940630.1987.10466198","url":null,"abstract":"Sulfate flux from forest soils as a result of inputs from acidic deposition is thought to be a critical process in regulating acidification of surface waters. The purpose of this study was to evaluate biotic transformations of sulfur in an Adirondack Mountain forest soil by adding 35S-sulfate to the forest floor. In September 1983 to each of two 0.5 m2 plots, 2.22 × 1010 dpm of 35S-sulfate was added in 4 liters of solution. Analysis of soil horizons from the plot at the end of the six week incubation indicated that 70 and 99 percent of the added 35S was retained in the soil at plots 1 and 2, respectively. More than 70 percent of the 35S was found in Oa, Bh, and Bs1 horizons. In O horizons greater than 80 percent of the 3sS was found as organic sulfur, whereas in mineral horizons most was found as adsorbed sulfate. These findings indicated that a portion of the sulfate moving through the soil is both rapidly immobilized in the forest floor and adsorbed in the mineral horizons. On a net basis, however, the ...","PeriodicalId":17188,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1987-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78702896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 33
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