Wenzhao Liu, Yu Li, Xiping Mo, Yong Chai, Houqi Wang
{"title":"A triple-resonant Janus-Helmholtz transducer.","authors":"Wenzhao Liu, Yu Li, Xiping Mo, Yong Chai, Houqi Wang","doi":"10.1121/10.0036815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0036815","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Janus-Helmholtz (JH) transducer is an underwater acoustic device that utilizes longitudinal resonance (LR) and liquid cavity resonance (LCR) to produce low-frequency, broadband acoustic emissions. However, attempts to enhance coupling with the flexural resonance (FR) of the radiation head have demonstrated that effective interaction between FR and LCR remains unachieved, thereby constraining the operational bandwidth of the JH transducer. This study addresses this limitation by proposing a sound field model for the JH transducer under flexural vibration and elucidates the inherent physical constraints. By exploiting the vibration characteristics of FR, two oscillating structures are introduced into the JH transducer. The effects of oscillating structures on resonant frequency and emission performance are evaluated using the finite element method. It is shown that the resonant frequency and the associated sound field can be manipulated through mass effects and the interference principles of coherent sound waves. A prototype of the proposed JH transducer is fabricated, and experimental validation supports both theoretical predictions and finite element simulations. This research achieves successful coupling among LR, LCR, and FR, significantly extending the operational bandwidth of JH transducer. These findings provide new insights into the control of resonant frequency and sound field in free-flooded transducer designs.</p>","PeriodicalId":17168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Acoustical Society of America","volume":"157 6","pages":"4136-4156"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144216137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abhishek Gautam, Liam Hanson, Djamel Rezgui, Bin Zang, Mahdi Azarpeyvand
{"title":"Effect of tip Mach number on propeller noise in edgewise flighta).","authors":"Abhishek Gautam, Liam Hanson, Djamel Rezgui, Bin Zang, Mahdi Azarpeyvand","doi":"10.1121/10.0036571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0036571","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Advanced air mobility represents efficient and sustainable transportation through the use of electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft, which will see their propellers operating in edgewise flow for a significant portion of their mission profile, giving rise to challenging aerodynamic and aeroacoustic features, different from the conventional helicopter rotors. The present experimental study examines the effect of the blade tip Mach number on the acoustic signature emitted by a propeller operating in edgewise flight conditions. Both aeroacoustic and aerodynamic measurements were performed for a 12-in., two bladed propeller over a wide range of tip Mach numbers (MT) from 0.12 to 0.56, and inflow velocities from 0 to 24 m/s. The results confirm the highly sensitive nature of the propeller noise to the tip Mach number. The overall sound pressure level (OASPL) in the plane-parallel to the propeller's plane of rotation, scales with MT3 to MT4 at low tip Mach numbers (MT<0.3) and with MT6 at MT>0.3, for the no inflow velocity case. Similar trends are observed for the plane perpendicular to the plane of rotation, but with noise scaling up to MT8. At the highest inflow velocity case, the OASPL scales with MT3 to MT7, depending on the observer location and MT, highlighting the increased complexity and sensitivity of noise directivity at higher inflow velocities. Tonal noise is the dominant source of noise at lower inflow velocities, with an increased contribution of broadband noise at higher inflow, possibly leading to the larger deviations of the tip Mach number scaling observed. These findings offer valuable insights into the acoustic behaviour of propellers during edgewise flight conditions, which can be leveraged to design more efficient, low-noise propellers in an eVTOL application.</p>","PeriodicalId":17168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Acoustical Society of America","volume":"157 6","pages":"4588-4603"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144497405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Influences of different string types on the perception of violin qualitiesa).","authors":"Lei Fu, Gary Scavone, Claudia Fritz","doi":"10.1121/10.0036894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0036894","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The brand and model of strings used on violins are considered to play an important role in their playability and sound quality. An experiment was designed to test whether and how violin players perceive changes in violin qualities when strung with different strings. Three models of strings were chosen for this study: Dominant, Kaplan, and Pro-Arté strings. Two violins with similar sound and playing qualities were selected and professional and advanced student violinists were invited to play and compare the violins in two locations: Oberlin, Ohio and Montreal, Canada. Both violins were initially strung with Dominant strings and subjects rated the differences between the two (violin 2 compared to violin 1) according to eight criteria. Then, the strings of violin 2 were changed to a different type and the subjects again rated the differences between the two violins. In Oberlin, subjects compared Dominant and Kaplan strings in two sessions. In Montreal, subjects compared Dominant, Kaplan, and Pro-Arté strings in three trials. No statistically significant results in the perception of the string type differences were found in either location except that violin 2 was found to be significantly brighter with Dominant strings compared to Pro-Arté strings in the Montreal experiment.</p>","PeriodicalId":17168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Acoustical Society of America","volume":"157 6","pages":"4604-4612"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144497407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C Meso, Z E A Fellah, E H A Diallo, E Ogam, M Valentin
{"title":"Determination of viscous and thermal characteristic lengths in rigid porous materials via ultrasonic and Brewster angle measurements.","authors":"C Meso, Z E A Fellah, E H A Diallo, E Ogam, M Valentin","doi":"10.1121/10.0036922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0036922","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper introduces a practical and cost-efficient methodology for independently determining the viscous (Λ) and thermal (Λ') characteristic lengths in rigid-frame porous materials. The proposed approach synergistically combines analytical expressions for transmission and reflection coefficients at high frequencies, derived from the Johnson-Champoux-Allard model, with experimental measurements of the magnitudes of transmission coefficients at oblique incidence and Brewster angles. Notably, this method dispenses with a fixed ratio assumption between Λ' and Λ, and does not rely on computationally intensive and noise-sensitive inversion techniques nor on the use of dual-fluid saturation, which may compromise the integrity of the material's microstructure. By incorporating multiple angles of incidence, the method enables the extraction of additional information from the medium, potentially revealing anisotropic or heterogeneous features and thereby improving model accuracy. The experimental setup employs a standard ultrasonic measurement system with a signal generator, two 100 kHz transducers, and a digital oscilloscope. The results obtained for melamine and polyurethane foams, which are widely used in building acoustics and the automotive industry, exhibit overall consistency with values reported in the literature, further supporting the robustness and reliability of the proposed method.</p>","PeriodicalId":17168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Acoustical Society of America","volume":"157 6","pages":"4546-4558"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144475717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Topological edge states in concave hexagonal gyroscope phononic crystals","authors":"Duo Zhu, Zhen-Kun Guo","doi":"10.1121/10.0036891","DOIUrl":"10.1121/10.0036891","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study of gyroscopic phononic crystals (GPCs) opens new directions for topological acoustics. Based on the propagation of torsional waves in the structure, a GPC with lattice of concave hexagonal is proposed by introducing the gyroscope element into the concave hexagonal infinite periodic structure. The bandgap characteristics of GPC are analyzed, and the mechanisms of opening the Dirac cone and generating topological edge states due to changes in gyroscope torque are discussed. It is discovered that through the breaking of structural symmetry and time-reversal symmetry, two band gaps can be opened where two topological edge states can be found with a same topological GPC arrangement. Subsequently, the influence of gyroscope rotation velocity on the bandgap is meticulously examined, uncovering phenomena such as band inversion and the manifestation of valley Hall edge states. The investigation is extended to analyzing the supercell of the topological GPC. The wave propagation characteristics at topological interfaces in the two new band gaps with different arrangements are discussed, and the directivity difference between the topological edge states of the upper and lower band gaps is revealed. Moreover, the robustness of the topological edge states of GPC to defects is also proven.</p>","PeriodicalId":17168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Acoustical Society of America","volume":"157 6","pages":"4307-4318"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144285082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fernanda F F Lucena, André L Baggio, José Pereira Leão-Neto, José Henrique Lopes
{"title":"Numerical and experimental demonstration of a waveguide for subwavelength focusing ultrasound beam generation.","authors":"Fernanda F F Lucena, André L Baggio, José Pereira Leão-Neto, José Henrique Lopes","doi":"10.1121/10.0036813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0036813","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We propose an ultrasound waveguide system based on a cascade of spherical lenses, capable of guiding and achieving subwavelength focusing beams. Using COMSOL multiphysics, we performed numerical simulations of an acoustic waveguide system comprising one to four cascaded spherical lenses, irradiated by a 1 MHz single-element flat transducer. Experimental analyses were conducted to validate the numerical model. The waveguide and subwavelength characteristics were measured by their full width and full length at half maximum, and the normalized acoustic intensity in the shadow region of each configuration. Our results demonstrate that the system can transmit subwavelength-focused beams over millimeter distances with minimal acoustic intensity loss. Notably, the focused beam remains effective even when the lenses are misaligned. This waveguide system shows promise for practical applications, such as non-destructive testing (NDT), where its ability to propagate highly focused waves with minimal loss improves defect detection in complex materials. Its scalability and robustness against misalignment also make it ideal for portable or fiber-based acoustic imaging devices. These features broaden its utility in minimally invasive biomedical imaging, where precision and adaptability are critical.</p>","PeriodicalId":17168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Acoustical Society of America","volume":"157 6","pages":"4031-4039"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144199482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xueli Sheng, Mengfei Mu, Ran Cao, Chaoran Yang, Li Li
{"title":"Reverberation suppression of underwater moving sonar platform based on tensor decomposition.","authors":"Xueli Sheng, Mengfei Mu, Ran Cao, Chaoran Yang, Li Li","doi":"10.1121/10.0036826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0036826","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The movement of sonar platform and the time-varying underwater acoustic environment introduce additional unstable reverberation component, resulting in a degradation of the performance of traditional methods that exploit the low-rank characteristics of multi-frame reverberation backgrounds for reverberation suppression. In order to solve this problem, a reverberation suppression method for moving sonar platform based on tensor decomposition is proposed. In this method, the multi-frame data received on a moving sonar platform containing both target echoes and background reverberation is modeled as the superposition of spatiotemporal continuous reverberation, random reverberation and sparse target in the form of a tensor. A cost function is formed in which anisotropic three-dimensional (range, bearing, time) total variation and non-convex rank approximation constrain continuous reverberation, the Frobenius norm constrains random reverberation, and a tensor-weighted Lp norm constrains sparse target. The constrained optimization problem is solved using the alternating direction multiplier method (ADMM), enhanceing computational efficiency. The performance of this method is evaluated on a dataset containing a moving target and reverberation that changes rapidly in time due to the motion of the sonar platform. Experimental results show that compared with several traditional methods, the proposed method is more robust to rapidly evolving reverberation caused by the motion of the sonar platform and can retain the target energy to a greater extent.</p>","PeriodicalId":17168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Acoustical Society of America","volume":"157 6","pages":"4040-4056"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144199483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dajun Tang, Brian T Hefner, Guangyu Xu, Eric I Thorsos, Ramsey R Harcourt, John B Mickett, K Ravi Prakash
{"title":"Observations of mid-frequency sound propagation on the Washington continental shelf with a subsurface duct.","authors":"Dajun Tang, Brian T Hefner, Guangyu Xu, Eric I Thorsos, Ramsey R Harcourt, John B Mickett, K Ravi Prakash","doi":"10.1121/10.0036890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0036890","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A joint oceanography and acoustics experiment was conducted on the Washington continental shelf in the summer of 2022. A towed system measured the in situ sound speed field along a 20 km track between acoustic sources and receivers. A weak but persistent subsurface duct was found with its sound speed minimum generally in the 50-100 m-depth range. The duct exhibited range and time dependence due to the internal tide, internal waves, and possibly other oceanographic processes. Mid-frequency (3500 and 6000 Hz) transmission loss (TL) was measured at 10 and 20 km ranges. The subsurface duct has a 10-13 dB effect on TL, depending on whether the sound source is inside or outside the duct. Measurements were also made using a bottom-mounted source, with transmissions every 3 min over several days. The sound intensity varies about 10 dB over a few minutes, while the scintillation index fluctuates between 0.5 and 1.5. Overall, it is found that mid-frequency sound propagation is variable at several temporal scales, ranging from minutes to hours, to days, or longer. Reducing the impact of these variabilities in acoustic applications would benefit from knowledge of the ocean processes at these different time scales.</p>","PeriodicalId":17168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Acoustical Society of America","volume":"157 6","pages":"4449-4460"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144326102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Classification of sounds from Pacific white-sided dolphins using a convolutional neural network and a method to reduce false-positive detections.","authors":"Yuka Mishima, Mizuki Kawakami, Takeshi Igarashi, Yuki F Kita, Tadamichi Morisaka","doi":"10.1121/10.0036843","DOIUrl":"10.1121/10.0036843","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An automatic detector for identifying the clicks and pulsed calls of Pacific white-sided dolphins (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens) was developed using a convolutional neural network architecture for passive acoustic monitoring, particularly in the areas surrounding the Mutsu and Funka Bays in Japan. Recordings were made at one site in each bay during the spring and early summer in both 2022 and 2023. The data exhibited different soundscapes, as broadband pulses, possibly attributed to snapping shrimp, were found far more frequently in Mutsu Bay than in Funka Bay. The developed detector showed a precision, recall, and accuracy of 0.94-0.95, 0.94, and 0.98, respectively, for both call types. Furthermore, considering the social and gregarious characteristics of the investigated species, an additional selection criterion using a two-process model was proposed to eliminate hours with few positive images. The selection criterion could remove 58%-84% of false-positive images, 0%-0.5% of true-positive images for clicks, 32%-96% of false-positives, and 6%-33% of true-positives for pulsed calls during the periods that were manually inspected. Processing using a combination of the detector and selection criterion can be applied to passive acoustic monitoring around these bays to reveal the migration patterns of Lagenorhynchus obliquidens.</p>","PeriodicalId":17168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Acoustical Society of America","volume":"157 6","pages":"4217-4232"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144225814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High-arousal emotional speech enhances speech intelligibility and emotion recognition in noise","authors":"Jessica M Alexander, Fernando Llanos","doi":"10.1121/10.0036812","DOIUrl":"10.1121/10.0036812","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prosodic and voice quality modulations of the speech signal offer acoustic cues to the emotional state of the speaker. In quiet, listeners are highly adept at identifying not only a speaker's words but also the underlying emotional context. Given that distinct vocal emotions possess varying acoustic characteristics, background noise level may differentially impact speech recognition, emotion recognition, or their interaction. To investigate this question, we assessed the effects of three emotional speech styles (angry, happy, neutral) on speech intelligibility and emotion recognition across four different SNR levels. High-arousal emotional speech styles (happy and angry speech) enhanced both speech intelligibility and emotion recognition in noise. However, emotion recognition behavior was not a reliable predictor of speech recognition behavior. Instead, we found a strong correspondence between speech recognition scores and the relative power of the speech-in-noise signal in critical bands derived from the Speech Intelligibility Index. Unsupervised dimensional scaling analysis of emotion recognition patterns revealed that different noise baselines elicit different perceptual cue weighting strategies. Further dimensional scaling analysis revealed that emotion recognition patterns were best predicted by emotion-level differences in harmonic-to-noise ratio and variability around the fundamental frequency. Listeners may thus weight acoustic features differently for recognizing speech versus emotional patterns.</p>","PeriodicalId":17168,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Acoustical Society of America","volume":"157 6","pages":"4085-4096"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144208840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}