Journal of Research in Pharmacy Practice最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Mirtazapine in the Treatment of Uremic Pruritus in Hemodialysis Patients: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial.","authors":"Hamidreza Namvar, Fatemeh Espahbodi, Mahmood Moosazadeh, Seyyed Mobin Rahimnia, Narjes Hendouei","doi":"10.4103/jrpp.jrpp_16_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jrpp.jrpp_16_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Uremic pruritus (UP) is a prevalent and debilitating condition experienced by patients undergoing hemodialysis, influenced by multiple underlying mechanisms. Despite the availability of various treatment options, many patients still endure significant pruritus. This double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial aims to assess and compare the safety and efficacy of mirtazapine and hydroxyzine in treating UP and improving sleep quality in hemodialysis patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-seven patients in the mirtazapine group received 15 mg/night (7.5 mg for the first two nights) with a hydroxyzine placebo, while 28 patients in the hydroxyzine group received 25 mg/night (12.5 mg for the first two nights) with a mirtazapine placebo for 2 weeks. UP was assessed using the 5D-itch scale, and sleep quality was measured with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) at baseline, weeks 2, 3, and 4. Adverse effects were recorded using the Antidepressant Side Effect Checklist at each visit from baseline to week 2.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>UP ratings based on the 5D-itch scale decreased for both groups, with a more significant reduction in the mirtazapine group (<i>P</i> = 0.04). The mirtazapine group also showed a significant improvement in the PSQI compared to hydroxyzine (<i>P</i> = 0.01). Dry mouth was the only notable adverse effect, occurring more frequently in the mirtazapine group (<i>P</i> = 0.02).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study suggests that short-term treatment with mirtazapine is more effective than hydroxyzine in reducing the severity of UP and improving sleep quality for patients undergoing hemodialysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":17158,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Pharmacy Practice","volume":"13 4","pages":"127-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12105765/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144159838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Efficacy of Atorvastatin and Placebo in Intensive Care Unit Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Fatemeh Taghavi, Saeed Abbasi, Malihe Nejati, Shadi Farsaei","doi":"10.4103/jrpp.jrpp_10_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jrpp.jrpp_10_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Statins, recognized for their lipid-lowering properties, are being studied in clinical studies for potential benefits in treating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This clinical trial evaluated the efficacy of a moderate dose of atorvastatin in influencing the clinical response among critically ill COVID-19 patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This investigation involved adult individuals diagnosed with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 and experiencing critical illness. Patients meeting the eligibility criteria and receiving atorvastatin were allocated to continue treatment at a daily dosage of 20 mg (PHA). In contrast, the remaining eligible patients were randomly assigned to the atorvastatin intervention (AIN: administration of 20 mg atorvastatin daily) and control groups. Patients followed up for 14 days for the primary endpoints of the COVID-19 severity and APACHE II scores. The secondary endpoints and different biochemical parameters were also assessed.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Finally, 116 people completed the study. The studied groups had no significant differences regarding the demographic and basic clinical data. C-reactive protein on the 7^th and 14^th days in the AIN and PHA groups was significantly lower than in the control group (<i>P</i> = 0.008 and <i>P</i> = 0.018). IL6 on the 7^th day (<i>P</i> = 0.04) showed a significant decrease in AIN compared to PHA and control groups. However, no significant differences in APACHE-II score and disease severity were detected between the groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Atorvastatin could effectively reduce inflammation in intensive care unit (ICU) patients admitted for COVID-19 management, but it could not influence the clinical outcomes. We suggested investigating its effect on COVID-19 in larger sample sizes, nonICU patients, and from the beginning of the diagnosis for a longer duration.</p>","PeriodicalId":17158,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Pharmacy Practice","volume":"13 4","pages":"101-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12105768/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144159836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Clinical Pharmacist-led Interventions on the Outcomes of Patients with Bipolar I Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial.","authors":"Nazanin Gorgzadeh, Niayesh Mohebbi, Kheirollah Gholami, Homayoun Amini, Ali-Akbar Nejatisafa, Jamshid Salamzadeh","doi":"10.4103/jrpp.jrpp_52_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrpp.jrpp_52_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Poor medication adherence, drug interactions, and adverse drug events occur frequently in patients with bipolar I disorder (BD-I), affecting their treatment outcomes. Due to limited research regarding the impact of pharmaceutical care (PC) services in the management of patients with BD-I, this study was designed to assess the role of clinical pharmacist-led interventions on outcomes of BD-I patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective randomized clinical trial was designed, and 59 patients were randomly assigned to the intervention group and 48 patients to the control group. Patients in the intervention group were provided with medication therapy management and follow-up services by the clinical pharmacist, whereas the control group only received routine care. Outcomes which were assessed at baseline (before discharge), 1 month, and 3 months after discharge were the Medication Appropriateness Index (MAI), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Young Mania Rating Scale, and World Health Organization Quality of Life, Brief version (WHOQOL-BREF).</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Endpoint mean changes in MAI scores from baseline were -5.25 ± 5.19 and 2.02 ± 3.98 points for the intervention and control groups, respectively (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Depressive symptoms, measured by the BDI-II, also showed significant improvement in the intervention group; the mean change from baseline to 2^nd follow-up assessment was -1.47 ± 7.73 in the intervention group and 1.66 ± 6.42 in the control group (<i>P</i> = 0.02). Furthermore, the mean change from baseline to 2^nd follow-up in the psychological health domain of the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire was significantly higher in the intervention group (4.59 ± 17.79) compared with the control group (-3.90 ± 12.55) (<i>P</i> = 0.005).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings reveal that clinical pharmacist-provided services could positively affect outcomes in BD-I patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":17158,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Pharmacy Practice","volume":"13 3","pages":"78-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12017403/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143970853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Adding Oral N acetyl Cysteine Supplement to the Cystic Fibrosis Treatment Regimen: A Randomized Quasi-Experimental Trial.","authors":"Sedigheh Keshavarz, Mohsen Reisi, Majid Keivanfar, Faezeh Rabbani, Ali Mohammad Sabzghabaee","doi":"10.4103/jrpp.jrpp_54_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrpp.jrpp_54_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigated the efficacy of adding the oral N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) supplement to the cystic fibrosis (CF) treatment regimen compared to adding a placebo. It also studied the quality of life and respiratory indicators of patients aged 6-18 with mild-to-moderate pulmonary involvement.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This clinical trial was a randomized, quasi-experimental pilot and add-on therapy controlled with a placebo for 3 months. The case group received 200 mg of oral NAC three times a day. In contrast, the control group had a placebo in the same way. From the 2021 fall to the summer of 2022, 38 CF patients referred to Imam Hossein Children's Hospital Clinic were finally examined. They were clinically stable with a forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV₁) level of more than 50% and no history of underlying cardiovascular and renal diseases.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The differences between the groups were not significant. In the placebo group, key measures remained unchanged, whereas the NAC group had an improvement in the CF Questionnaire-Revised score but no notable changes in other indices. Overall, comparisons of forced vital capacity (FVC) between the groups showed no variation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The indicators of FEV₁, FVC, FEV₁/FVC, <i>forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of vital capacity</i>, and the quality of life of the case group were not significantly different from those of the placebo group, and no significant differences were observed between this medicine and placebo.</p>","PeriodicalId":17158,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Pharmacy Practice","volume":"13 3","pages":"72-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12017402/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144030621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Efficacy of Intravenous Ketamine and Tramadol in Reducing Postspinal Anesthesia Shivering in Urological Surgeries: A Triple-blind Randomized Clinical Trial.","authors":"Shahnam Sedigh Maroufi, Mehrdad Mesbah Kiaei, Siavash Sangi, Maryam Aligholizadeh, Mohsen Abbasi, Parisa Moradimajd, Rezvan Rajabzadeh, Azam Saei","doi":"10.4103/jrpp.jrpp_4_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrpp.jrpp_4_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Shivering is one of the most common complications due to disturbances in the thermoregulatory system after regional anesthesia, leading to adverse outcomes and decreased patient satisfaction. Ketamine and tramadol are considered mild analgesics that affect the thermoregulatory center. This triple-blind, randomized clinical trial aims to explore the comparative efficacy of intravenous ketamine and tramadol in reducing postspinal anesthesia shivering in high-risk urological surgeries.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 90 patients undergoing urological surgeries under spinal anesthesia at Shahid Hasheminejad Hospital in Tehran in 2024 were randomized into three groups: ketamine (0.5 mg/kg), tramadol (0.5 mg/kg), and placebo (normal saline). Variables, including ambient temperature, patient demographics, surgery duration, and anesthetic techniques, were meticulously controlled. The primary outcome was the incidence of shivering, measured using the Crossley and Mahajan scale. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software Version 19, employing Chi-square tests, analysis of variance, and logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The patients were homogeneous regarding demographic and surgical variables. No significant difference was found in patients' body temperature upon admission. The incidence of shivering was significantly lower in the tramadol group (23.3%) compared to the ketamine group (36.7%) and placebo group (60%) (<i>P</i> = 0.013). Tramadol demonstrated superior efficacy with minimal side effects. Logistic regression analysis confirmed that patients in the tramadol group were significantly less likely to experience shivering (odds ratio = 0.286; 95% confidence interval: 0.098-0.834, <i>P</i> = 0.022). Ketamine, while effective, had a higher incidence of hemodynamic fluctuations and psychotropic effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The incidence of shivering was significantly lower in the tramadol group compared to the ketamine and placebo groups. Tramadol demonstrated superior efficacy with minimal side effects. While effective, ketamine had a higher incidence of hemodynamic fluctuations and psychotropic effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":17158,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Pharmacy Practice","volume":"13 3","pages":"92-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12017401/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144032721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Effect of N-acetylcysteine in the Prevention of Colistin Nephrotoxicity in Critically Ill Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Amir Mohammad Shabani, Ahmad Alikhani, Fatemeh Heydari, Abolfazl Hosseinnataj, Masoomeh Sohrabi, Sima Ramezaninejad, Shahram Ala, Hamideh Abbaspour Kasgari","doi":"10.4103/jrpp.jrpp_55_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrpp.jrpp_55_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in preventing nephrotoxicity in critically ill patients receiving colistin.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a randomized, controlled clinical trial, eligible participants receiving colistin were divided into two groups: the drug group (<i>n</i> = 24) and the control group (<i>n</i> = 24). In the drug group, 2 g of NAC was administered intravenously daily for 5 days, simultaneously with colistin. The patients in the control group received only colistin. Serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine clearance (CrCl) at baseline and on each day, and the number of cases of acute kidney injury during the study were recorded. Urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) was determined before the start of treatment and on day 5. The study outcomes were the mortality rate, length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay, and NAG levels. Finally, the values were compared between the groups.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>It was found that the 28-day mortality rate (<i>P</i> = 0.540) and length of ICU stay (<i>P</i> = 0.699) were not significantly improved by coadministration of intravenous N-acetylcysteine with colistin. SCr and BUN showed no significant reduction, and there were no changes in CrCl at the end of treatment. The changes in urinary NAG levels did not differ significantly between the two groups. There was also no difference in the stages of the RIFLE criteria (<i>P</i> = 0.641), and most patients were in the normal stage (58.3%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Concomitant administration of intravenous NAC at a dose of 2 g daily does not prevent colistin-induced nephrotoxicity, 28-day mortality, and length of ICU stay in critically ill patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":17158,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Pharmacy Practice","volume":"13 3","pages":"85-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12017400/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143988386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effectiveness of Colistin/Rifampin Compared to Colistin/Meropenem in the Treatment of Ventilator-associated Pneumonia Caused by Carbapenem-resistant <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.","authors":"Malihe Kazemi Najafabadi, Babak Alikiaei, Farzin Khorvash, Fatemeh Shafiee, Rasool Soltani","doi":"10.4103/jrpp.jrpp_51_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrpp.jrpp_51_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Treating ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) caused by carbapenem-resistant <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> (CRAB) is still a significant challenge. This study evaluated the effectiveness of the colistin/rifampin regimen compared to the usual colistin/meropenem regimen in treating patients with VAP caused by CRAB.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a randomized controlled clinical trial, the patients with CRAB-related VAP were randomly assigned to experimental (<i>n</i> = 21) and control (<i>n</i> = 24) groups. The first group received colistin 4.5 MIU IV infusion every 12 h and rifampin 300 mg PO every 12 h, and the second group received colistin with the same dose and meropenem 2 g IV every 8 h for 10 days. The clinical response (complete response, partial response, or treatment failure) and mortality rate at the end of the intervention were recorded and compared between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The complete response rate was higher (<i>n</i> = 8; 66.70%), and the failure rate was lower (<i>n</i> = 4; 26.70%) in the experimental group than in the control group (<i>n</i> = 4; 33.30%, and n = 11; 73.30%, respectively), but the differences were not statistically significant. The mortality rate was three patients in both experimental (14.28%) and control (12.50%) groups; however, the difference was not statistically significant (<i>P</i> = 0.860; odds ratio: 1.143, 95% confidence interval: 0.258-5.067).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The colistin/rifampin combination can be considered an alternative regimen to colistin/meropenem in the treatment of VAP caused by CRAB.</p>","PeriodicalId":17158,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Pharmacy Practice","volume":"13 3","pages":"65-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12017404/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143974581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiovascular Complications Following Acute Methadone Poisoning in Patients with and Without a History of Long-term Methadone Use.","authors":"Gholamali Dorooshi, Mahbod Shirmohammadi, Farzad Gheshlaghi, Arman Otroshi, Shafeajafar Zoofaghari, Nastaran Eizadi-Mood","doi":"10.4103/jrpp.jrpp_49_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrpp.jrpp_49_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Given the prevalence of methadone poisoning, this study was conducted to compare the cardiovascular complications following acute methadone poisoning in patients with and without a history of long-term methadone use.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective study, information related to patients with acute methadone poisoning hospitalized at Al-Zahra and Khorshid hospitals in Isfahan-Iran was collected from hospital archives and analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups with and without a history of long-term methadone use.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The mean of corrected QT interval (QTc), QRS, and heart rate showed no significant differences between the two groups at three-time points: baseline (upon admission), 12 h, and 24 h after admission (<i>P</i> > 0.05). The mean QT dispersion upon admission and 12 h after admission did not differ significantly between the groups (<i>P</i> > 0.05). However, the observation at 24 h postadmission indicated a significant increase in QT dispersion in the group with a history of long-term methadone use, showing a mean of 47.53 ± 10.62 ms compared to the without a history of long-term use group, with a mean of 26.78 ± 6.75 ms (<i>P</i> = 0.041).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results indicate that among the cardiovascular findings when analyzing the electrocardiograms of patients with acute methadone poisoning, only QT dispersion differed between patients with and without a history of long-term methadone use. Cardiovascular events resulting from methadone poisoning are the significant factors contributing to patient mortality, highlighting the need for the careful management of methadone use in these patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":17158,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Pharmacy Practice","volume":"13 2","pages":"58-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11737612/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143007426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbapenem-resistant <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> and Ventilator-associated Pneumonia; Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Current Therapeutic Approaches.","authors":"Malihe Kazemi Najafabadi, Rasool Soltani","doi":"10.4103/jrpp.jrpp_50_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jrpp.jrpp_50_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> is one of the primary pathogens responsible for healthcare-associated infections. It is related to high rates of morbidity and mortality globally, mainly because of its high capacity to develop resistance to antimicrobials. Nowadays, carbapenem-resistant <i>A. baumannii</i> (CRAB) has increased and represents a significant concern among carbapenem-resistant organisms. It is also a key pathogen associated with ventilator-associated pneumonia. CRAB was placed on the critical group of the universal priority list of the World Health Organization for antibiotic-resistant bacteria, to mention the importance of research development and the urgency of new antibiotics. Patients with severe CRAB infections currently face significant treatment challenges. Some approaches have been taken to deal with CRAB, such as combination therapy and the synergistic effect of certain antibiotics, but the best antibiotic regimen is still unknown. In this narrative review, we attempt to clarify the issues, including epidemiology, risk factors, and current treatment options for CRAB.</p>","PeriodicalId":17158,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Pharmacy Practice","volume":"13 2","pages":"33-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11737613/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143007422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Risk Factors of Medication Errors in Enteral Tube Feeding Among ICU Patients: A Comprehensive Cross-Sectional Analysis.","authors":"Mansooreh Asghari-Varzaneh, Shirinsadat Badri, Shadi Farsaei","doi":"10.4103/jrpp.jrpp_47_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jrpp.jrpp_47_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Most of the patients who are admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) are forced to feed and use nutrition and medicine through an implanted tube. When administering medication through enteral feeding tubes, it is essential to be cautious, as some drugs may not be suitable due to interactions with feeding formulas or adverse effects when crushed. Some errors during drug gavage can lead to feeding tube blockage, reduced drug effectiveness, or drug toxicity. This study aimed to assess medication errors (MEs) in ICU patients using enteral feeding tubes and identify factors that affect ME incidents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This descriptive and analytical study was conducted for 9 months in the special care department of hospitals affiliated with Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. It involved 257 patients in the ICU receiving oral medication through an implanted gastric tube. The study assessed the method of oral drug administration, verified the correctness of drug prescriptions, investigated errors in drug provision and administration, and monitored patients for possible side effects of these errors. Demographic information and details about the prescribing physician and relevant nurses were also recorded.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Our findings show that not washing the tube before gavage was the most frequent error (99.6%). However, different factors, whether the patient or the nurse, did not affect them. The other most common errors included mixing drugs simultaneously (75.6%) and not cleaning the tube after administering medication (78.6%). These errors were influenced by factors such as the number of drugs received by the patient, the hospital, and specific shifts.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this study, we found that polypharmacy, the multiplicity of underlying diseases, and nurses' gender are the most critical factors that increase the number of MEs during the gavage of drugs in patients hospitalized in ICUs.</p>","PeriodicalId":17158,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Pharmacy Practice","volume":"13 2","pages":"47-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11737615/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143007432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}