Journal of Research in Pharmacy Practice最新文献

{"title":"Retrospective Analysis of Drug Prescription Statistics in a Tertiary Care Center in India: Recommendations for Promoting Prudent Utilization of Drugs.","authors":"Ajaya Kumar Sahoo,&nbsp;Dhyuti Gupta,&nbsp;Suryaprakash Dhaneria,&nbsp;Pugazhenthan Thangaraju,&nbsp;Alok Singh","doi":"10.4103/jrpp.JRPP_20_29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrpp.JRPP_20_29","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Drug utilization studies provide information regarding the drug usage pattern in hospital settings, which can be used to promote cost-efficient uses of drugs. The present observational retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the drug utilization pattern in a tertiary care center in India and create a baseline consumption data for the drugs, simultaneously identifying targets for improving drug prescribing pattern.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The current retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at All India Institute of Medical Sciences Raipur, wherein the 217 medical records of different departments for August 2019 were chosen randomly (using systematic random sampling) for evaluation. The information was extracted from medical records regarding the basic demographic details, drug strength, route, and total amount, and eventually, the World Health Organization (WHO) core indicators were estimated. Drug utilization data were assessed using the WHO Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical/Defined Daily Dose (ATC-DDD) methodology. Potential drug-drug interactions were also analyzed.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Most of the records analyzed were of male patients (56.2%). Drugs prescribed by their generic name were 50%. Prescriptions containing injection and antimicrobials were 68.1% and 83.6%, respectively. 49.3% of the patients had received a fixed-dose combination, and 60.9% of drugs belonged to the National List of Essential Medicines 2015. A total of 15 potential drug interactions were found.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Calculated prescribed daily dose of most of the antimicrobials and other groups of drugs was close to the WHO-DDD. Trade name prescription and polypharmacy were very common. Antibiotics accounted for the majority of drug costs.</p>","PeriodicalId":17158,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Pharmacy Practice","volume":"9 3","pages":"146-150"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/32/6b/JRPP-9-146.PMC7808181.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38776453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Pattern of Intravenous Proton-Pump Inhibitor Utilization at an Academic Medical Center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Yahya Ali Mohzari,&nbsp;Ahmed Alsaegh,&nbsp;Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin Asdaq,&nbsp;Sulafah N Al Shanawani,&nbsp;Amani A Albraiki,&nbsp;Amal Bagalb","doi":"10.4103/jrpp.JRPP_20_62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrpp.JRPP_20_62","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study was designed to evaluate the extent of inappropriate utilization of intravenous proton-pump inhibitors (IV-PPIs) and its financial burden in a Middle Eastern tertiary care university hospital.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was an observational, retrospective, cross-sectional study carried out in King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. During a study period of 6 consecutive weeks, all hospitalized adult patients (age ≥18) who received IV-PPI selected and mapped with their indications. The patient indications analyzed in comparison with the appropriate indications developed based on the evidence from published literature and guidelines.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>A total of 347 patients were identified, with a mean age of 51.5 years, of which 51.9% were male. Of all the patients who received IV-PPIs, 251 (72.3%), 66 (19%), and 30 (8.7%) received for stress ulcer prophylaxis (SUP), peptic ulcer disease (PUD) or gastroesophageal reflux diseases (GERDs), and upper gastrointestinal bleeding, respectively. Overall, only 110 (31.7%) of the 347 patients received IV-PPIs appropriately. The patients with SUP showed the highest percentage of inappropriate use of IV-PPI (80.59%) compared to PUD/GERD (19%). The total cost of inappropriate prescription of IV-PPI was 585,167 Saudi Riyal (SAR) (156,044 USD).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is a high tendency of IV-PPI's inappropriate prescription in our hospital setting. This large-scale inappropriate prescription of IV-PPI in the hospital setting not only may lead to increased financial burden but also expose patients to number of undesired effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":17158,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Pharmacy Practice","volume":"9 3","pages":"151-154"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a8/40/JRPP-9-151.PMC7808177.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38789583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency and Predisposing Factors for Drug-Induced Hypoglycemia in Patients with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Comment.","authors":"Nazanin Gorgzadeh, Maryam Taghizadeh-Ghehi, Aarefeh Jafarzadeh Kohneloo","doi":"10.4103/jrpp.JRPP_19_111","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jrpp.JRPP_19_111","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17158,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Pharmacy Practice","volume":"9 3","pages":"166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d7/43/JRPP-9-166.PMC7808180.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38855198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Survey on Medical, Dental, and Pharmacy Students' Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice about Hepatitis B Infection in a Private Medical University of Malaysia.","authors":"Dinesh Kumar Upadhyay,&nbsp;Yuvati Manirajan,&nbsp;Muhammad Zahid Iqbal,&nbsp;Neeraj Paliwal,&nbsp;Sonam Pandey","doi":"10.4103/jrpp.JRPP_20_8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrpp.JRPP_20_8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of 3^rd- and 4^th-year medical, dental, and pharmacy students about hepatitis B (HB) infection at a private medical university, Malaysia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study was conducted among 482 medical, dental, and pharmacy students of 3^rd- and 4^th-year degree program of Asian Institute of Medicine, Science and Technology University to assess their KAP about HB infection using 34 prevalidated questions by convenient sampling method. A questionnaire was administered to the students, and their responses were measured at \"yes\" and \"no\" scale. Students' responses were entered in SPSS version 22, and quantitative analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and nonparametric tests at <i>P</i> < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The medical, dental, and pharmacy students had good knowledge and practice with positive attitude about HB infection. Mann-Whitney U-test determined a significant difference in knowledge (<i>P</i> < 0.001) and practice (<i>P</i> < 0.001) scores between medical and pharmacy, attitude (<i>P</i> < 0.001) scores between medical and dental, and attitude (<i>P</i> < 0.001) and practice (<i>P</i> < 0.001) scores between pharmacy and dental students. Students' age was correlated with their attitude, practice, and KAP scores and family income with their knowledge, attitude, practice, and KAP scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although students' knowledge and practice were good with positive attitude, all the students did not participate in health education program, screening, and vaccination of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection which makes them more vulnerable to occupational HBV infection. Hence, it is recommended to organize a regular health education program for the students on screening and vaccination against HBV to prevent its infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":17158,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Pharmacy Practice","volume":"9 3","pages":"128-134"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d9/e3/JRPP-9-128.PMC7808185.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38776451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence Decision Support Systems and Liability for Medical Injuries.","authors":"Lise Aagaard","doi":"10.4103/jrpp.JRPP_20_65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrpp.JRPP_20_65","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17158,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Pharmacy Practice","volume":"9 3","pages":"125-127"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/8a/a5/JRPP-9-125.PMC7808182.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38776450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges of non-COVID-19 patients with chronic illness during the pandemic.","authors":"Debi Ann Abraham,&nbsp;Thangavel Mahalingam Vijayakumar,&nbsp;Muhasaparur Ganesan Rajanandh","doi":"10.4103/jrpp.JRPP_20_64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrpp.JRPP_20_64","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Challenges faced by non-COVID-19 patients with chronic illness are limitless during the lockdown period. These patients are mostly immunocompromised and vulnerable to infection. The worst affected would be chronic disease patients with lower household income. Patients' fear of approaching medical facilities and also travel restrictions limit the patients to reach the healthcare team, and either of this leads to poor health outcome. Frequent communication with chronic disease patients by healthcare professionals is a key to encourage the patients to be adherent to the medications and manage their disease conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":17158,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Pharmacy Practice","volume":"9 3","pages":"155-157"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/05/49/JRPP-9-155.PMC7808183.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38776455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Massive Citalopram Overdose Associated with Recurrent Seizures and Bilateral Shoulder Dislocations.","authors":"Shafeajafar Zoofaghari,&nbsp;Anselm Wong,&nbsp;Pegah Kiarasi,&nbsp;Farzad Gheshlaghi","doi":"10.4103/jrpp.JRPP_20_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrpp.JRPP_20_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are widely used in the treatment of many types of mental disorders. Citalopram is commonly used as a new generation of SSRIs in this regard; however, unfortunately, its overdose is associated with seizure and heart disorders. The reported case in the present study indicated recurrent seizures, nonspecific ST-T changes, and prolonged QT interval due to the overuse of citalopram. The patient had bilateral anterior shoulder dislocation along with right proximal humerus fracture that was occurred during the seizure. The dislocation was initially reduced and then fixed. Moreover, the seizure was controlled with diazepam without any problems, and cardiac monitoring continued for 2 days. Massive citalopram overdose may be associated with recurrent seizures and QT prolongation. Complications postseizures, such as shoulder dislocations, should be examined for and managed appropriately.</p>","PeriodicalId":17158,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Pharmacy Practice","volume":"9 3","pages":"161-164"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f1/8d/JRPP-9-161.PMC7808186.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38789578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intravenous Drug Incompatibilities in the Intensive Care Unit of a Tertiary Care Hospital in India: Are they Preventable?","authors":"Shanmugam Sriram,&nbsp;S Aishwarya,&nbsp;Akhila Moithu,&nbsp;Akshaya Sebastian,&nbsp;Ajith Kumar","doi":"10.4103/jrpp.JRPP_20_11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrpp.JRPP_20_11","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The main aim of the study was to identify the physical and chemical incompatibilities among the drugs administered intravenously to patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of a 1000 bedded hospital. The study also envisaged establishing pharmaceutical guidelines for the administration of incompatible medications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from January to July 2018 in the ICU after getting approval from the Hospital Ethics Committee. A total of 104 medication charts were collected, and their data were analyzed. Compatibility of the selected drug with a second drug, when given together, was then analyzed using the Micromedex health-care series, Trissel's handbook of injectable drugs, and Manufacturer's product information. The pharmaceutical intervention was performed by preparing. The drug compatibility chart of selected drugs and the same was reported to the study department.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Of 104 medication charts reviewed, 66 charts had incompatibility, accounting for 90 incompatibilities. Incompatibility between two intravenous (IV) bolus drugs constituted 68.8% with pantoprazole and ondansetron (85.4%) being the most frequent combination. Incompatibility between infusion-bolus was found to be 26.6%. Meropenem (infusion) and pantoprazole (bolus) constituted 16.6%. Incompatibility between two infusions in the same IV line was found to be 4.4%. A drug compatibility chart containing 19 selected drugs was prepared and submitted to the study department for their perusal.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The current study showed that a significant number of drug incompatibilities occur in hospitalized critically ill patients in our tertiary care hospital. These incompatibilities could generally be prevented by adhering to proper medication administration techniques like flushing the line using compatible fluid or through a multi-lumen catheter or multiple IV access.</p>","PeriodicalId":17158,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Pharmacy Practice","volume":"9 2","pages":"106-111"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a8/af/JRPP-9-106.PMC7547742.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38527362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Oral Midazolam in Pain Relief of Patients Need Nasogastric Tube Insertion: A Clinical Trial Study.","authors":"Asghar Jafari Rouhi,&nbsp;Alireza Zeraatchi,&nbsp;Farzad Rahmani,&nbsp;Asghar Jafari Rouhi,&nbsp;Nima Motamed,&nbsp;Ala Rastin,&nbsp;Afsaneh Karami,&nbsp;Arezoo Nejabatian","doi":"10.4103/jrpp.JRPP_19_80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jrpp.JRPP_19_80","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Due to the presence of pain during nasogastric tube (NGT) insertion and related complications and lack of positive clinical response of nasopharyngeal anesthesia with lidocaine and the related side effects and limitations in ketamine and intravenous midazolam, this study aims to determine the efficacy of oral midazolam in relieving pain in the patients requiring NGT insertion.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A randomized, triple-blind clinical trial was performed on the patients in the Emergency Department of Zanjan Valiasr and Mousavi Hospitals in Iran, who were nominated for NGT. In each group, 100 patients were examined. Two milligram syrups of midazolam and placebo were administered 20 min before the procedure. In two groups, the pain based on the Visual Analog Scale and satisfaction rate of patients during the NGT insertion were compared. The data were analyzed through the SPSS software version 16.0.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>There was no statistically significant difference in the demographic characteristics of two groups. Despite the effects of potential confounding variables, the cause of the referral and indication of NGT, as well as the use of midazolam syrup, had a significant relationship with the outcome, so that midazolam group experienced less pain. The mean and standard deviation of the examined outcomes (feeling of pain and satisfaction with NGT insertion) was statistically significantly different in the midazolam group as compared to the placebo group (<i>P</i> = 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Midazolam was effective in decreasing pain and increasing the satisfaction of patients after NGT insertion. This manuscript is registered in Irct. com with code IRCT20110629006922N4.</p>","PeriodicalId":17158,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Pharmacy Practice","volume":"9 2","pages":"112-117"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/bd/2e/JRPP-9-112.PMC7547745.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38527363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Comparison of Levofloxacin- and Clarithromycin-Based Bismuth Quadruple Therapy Regimens in <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Eradication.","authors":"Abbas Arj, Marzieh Mollaei, Mohsen Razavizadeh, Alireza Moraveji","doi":"10.4103/jrpp.JRPP_19_86","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jrpp.JRPP_19_86","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of the current study was to compare the efficacy of quadruple therapy including levofloxacin and clarithromycin for <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> eradication.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This clinical trial study was conducted on 189 patients with <i>H. pylori</i> infection who underwent gastroscopy and stomach biopsy in Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Kashan, Iran. After classification of patients, one group was treated with bismuth subcitrate (120 mg, 2 tablet/12 h), omeprazole (20 mg/12 h), amoxicillin (1 g/12 h), and clarithromycin (500 mg/12 h) and other group with bismuth subcitrate (120 mg, 2 tablet/12 h), omeprazole (20 mg/12h), amoxicillin (1 g/12 h), and levofloxacin (500 mg/12 h) for 2 weeks. After the end of the antibiotic treatment, omeprazole therapy was continued for 4 weeks. Two weeks after discontinuation of omeprazole, fecal antigen test was performed for both the groups to confirm the eradication of <i>H. pylori</i> infection.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The success of <i>H. pylori</i> eradication in the levofloxacin and clarithromycin groups was observed in 78 (89.7%) and 71 (69.6%) patients, respectively (<i>P</i> < 0.01). A significant difference was also seen between the two groups in terms of side effects and its incidence (<i>P</i> < 0.01), so that the incidence of side effect types in the clarithromycin group was more than the levofloxacin group except muscular pain and fatigue (<i>P</i> < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Levofloxacin-based quadruple regimen therapy was superior to clarithromycin-based quadruple regimens regarding <i>H. pylori</i> eradication and side effects. Therefore, the levofloxacin-based regimen can be considered as an effective treatment for the first-line anti-<i>H. pylori</i> therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":17158,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Research in Pharmacy Practice","volume":"9 2","pages":"101-105"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/7d/a2/JRPP-9-101.PMC7547743.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38527361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}