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Forensic readiness of smart buildings: Preconditions for subsequent cybersecurity tests 智能建筑的取证准备:后续网络安全测试的前提条件
2016 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2) Pub Date : 2016-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/ISC2.2016.7580754
Edita Bajramovic, K. Waedt, A. Ciriello, Deeksha Gupta
{"title":"Forensic readiness of smart buildings: Preconditions for subsequent cybersecurity tests","authors":"Edita Bajramovic, K. Waedt, A. Ciriello, Deeksha Gupta","doi":"10.1109/ISC2.2016.7580754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISC2.2016.7580754","url":null,"abstract":"Smart grid and smart buildings are seamlessly interacting together to improve energy usage. Smart buildings accept excess of energy during periods when renewable energy generation is cheap and overflowing. Then, the electric energy is kept for future use and returned to the smart grid when needed. Many advantages exist for smart cities which are focused on the incorporation of smart buildings. The control of smart buildings is supported by dramatically increased embedded systems. This approach is becoming cost-effective and the systems will be almost maintenance-free, involving some or no individuals. Users will also have the ability to simply update settings using their smartphones and other smart devices. However, even with above mentioned advantages, some disadvantages, including cybersecurity risk, are present and therefore, protective measures for a smart world are needed. The consequences of not incorporating cybersecurity and forensic readiness in a smart world could have serious impact if cyber-attack was successfully launched. In addition, a broad Knowledge Management (KM) is needed to obtain increasingly better understanding and handling of cybersecurity issues of smart sensors and other extensively configurable devices. This paper addresses the importance of forensic readiness, digital evidence preservation and interpretation, and knowledge management in a smart world. The approaches we recommend can be further used for subsequent smart (as model-based) cybersecurity tests.","PeriodicalId":171503,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2)","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126803780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 20
Zero-energy wake up for power line communications in smart cities 智慧城市电力线通信零能耗唤醒
2016 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2) Pub Date : 2016-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/ISC2.2016.7580843
P. Golchin, Pietro Tosato, D. Brunelli
{"title":"Zero-energy wake up for power line communications in smart cities","authors":"P. Golchin, Pietro Tosato, D. Brunelli","doi":"10.1109/ISC2.2016.7580843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISC2.2016.7580843","url":null,"abstract":"Street lighting is responsible for 6% of the greenhouse global gases emissions and for 19% of the total use of electrical energy; nevertheless it is essential for citizens safety in streets. The migration to smart lighting introduces the problem of power consumption of the intelligent infrastructure in standby mode, which was not present in classic lighting. In this paper, we show how to eliminate the power consumption in listening mode with power line communication (PLC) infrastructure, adding zero-power wakeup receivers to the modems. This promising solution can be extended as a general technology for monitoring and controlling in a smart grid distribution. We show the design of the different hardware sections and, supported by simulations and experimental results, we discuss some considerations about the most efficient configurations and the best routing to wake up a remote PLC modem with the minimum power.","PeriodicalId":171503,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2)","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124204686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Understanding commuting to accompany work organisations' and employees' behaviour change 理解通勤伴随工作组织和员工的行为改变
2016 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2) Pub Date : 2016-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/ISC2.2016.7580778
S. Castellani, T. Colombino, A. Grasso, Matthieu Mazzega
{"title":"Understanding commuting to accompany work organisations' and employees' behaviour change","authors":"S. Castellani, T. Colombino, A. Grasso, Matthieu Mazzega","doi":"10.1109/ISC2.2016.7580778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISC2.2016.7580778","url":null,"abstract":"Commuting is a key domain for promoting sustainability but changing transportation habits to adopt more sustainable transportation modes is a hard challenge. Our approach is based on the idea of accompanying behaviour change by first understanding the context in which behaviours occur and then designing an appropriate intervention considering its practicability and acceptability. This paper illustrates key elements of reflection from a study on commuting that we have conducted in a workplace and that is informing our ongoing design of technology in support of behaviour change for the three stakeholders of commuting, commuters, work organisations and public administrators.","PeriodicalId":171503,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2)","volume":"151 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124205566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Evaluating the resilience of the bottom-up method used to detect and benchmark the smartness of university campuses 评估自下而上方法的弹性，该方法用于检测和基准大学校园的智慧
2016 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2) Pub Date : 2016-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/ISC2.2016.7580792
C. Giovannella, Diana Andone, M. Dascalu, E. Popescu, M. Rehm, Ó. Mealha
{"title":"Evaluating the resilience of the bottom-up method used to detect and benchmark the smartness of university campuses","authors":"C. Giovannella, Diana Andone, M. Dascalu, E. Popescu, M. Rehm, Ó. Mealha","doi":"10.1109/ISC2.2016.7580792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISC2.2016.7580792","url":null,"abstract":"A new method to perform a bottom-up extraction and benchmark of the perceived multilevel smartness of complex ecosystems has been recently described and applied to territories and learning ecosystems like university campuses and schools. In this paper we study the resilience of our method by comparing and integrating the data collected in several European Campuses during two different academic years, 2014-15 and 2015-16. The overall results are: a) a more adequate and robust definition of the orthogonal multidimensional space of representation of the smartness, and b) the definition of a procedure to identify data that exhibits a limited level of trust.","PeriodicalId":171503,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2)","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116500021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Design and evaluation of resilient infrastructures systems for smart cities 智慧城市弹性基础设施系统的设计与评估
2016 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2) Pub Date : 2016-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/ISC2.2016.7580756
J. Pacheco, Cihan Tunc, S. Hariri
{"title":"Design and evaluation of resilient infrastructures systems for smart cities","authors":"J. Pacheco, Cihan Tunc, S. Hariri","doi":"10.1109/ISC2.2016.7580756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISC2.2016.7580756","url":null,"abstract":"Cities are rapidly converging toward digital technologies in order to provide advanced information services, efficient management, and resource utilization that will positively impact all aspects of our life and economy. This has led to the proliferation of ubiquitous connectivity to critical infrastructures (electrical grid, utility networks, finance, etc.) that are used to deliver advanced information services to homes, businesses, and government. On the other hand, such smart systems are more complex, dynamic, heterogeneous, and have many vulnerabilities that can be exploited by cyberattacks. Protecting and securing the resources and services of smart cities become critically important due to the disruptive or even potentially life-threatening nature of a failure or attack on smart cities' infrastructures. In this paper we present a resilient architecture that protects smart cities' communications, controls, and computations based on autonomic computing and Moving Target Defense (MTD) techniques. The key idea to achieve resiliency is based on making it extremely difficult for the attackers to figure out the current active execution environments used to run smart city services by randomizing the use of these resources at runtime. We have evaluated and validated our approach by applying a wide range of attacks against our smart infrastructures testbed and demonstrated that the provided services can tolerate with little overhead these attacks.","PeriodicalId":171503,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2)","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121789964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 21
Hotspot mapping for Perception of Security 安全感知的热点映射
2016 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2) Pub Date : 2016-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/ISC2.2016.7580815
Francisco Gómez, Andres Torres, Juan Galvis, Jorge Camargo, Oscar H. Martinez
{"title":"Hotspot mapping for Perception of Security","authors":"Francisco Gómez, Andres Torres, Juan Galvis, Jorge Camargo, Oscar H. Martinez","doi":"10.1109/ISC2.2016.7580815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISC2.2016.7580815","url":null,"abstract":"Perception of Security (PoS) refers to the subjective assessment of the risk (danger, threats of adverse events) and the magnitude of its consequences. PoS plays a major role in the planning of urban security. Typically, PoS is assessed by using survey research. This approach is very time-consuming and is not well suited to tackle the uncertain and dynamic nature of the citizens perceptions. In this paper, we present a novel strategy for constructing spatial hotspots for PoS. The proposed method is based on a collaborative software tool that collects information about different PoS for a set of local security experts. This information is spatially pooled across users by using collaborative filtering. PoS hotspots are then constructed using kernel density estimation. The proposed strategy was evaluated on different simulated scenarios, and using real data from 1568 PoS registered by 50 local security experts in the city of Bogota (Colombia). The results suggest that the proposed approach may provide accurate, integrated and objective summaries of the PoS.","PeriodicalId":171503,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115786785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Optimization strategies for fleet management based on wireless terminals localization in smart cities scenarios 智慧城市场景下基于无线终端定位的车队管理优化策略
2016 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2) Pub Date : 2016-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/ISC2.2016.7580851
A. Polo, F. Viani, F. Robol, A. Massa, S. Marchesi, L. Zappini
{"title":"Optimization strategies for fleet management based on wireless terminals localization in smart cities scenarios","authors":"A. Polo, F. Viani, F. Robol, A. Massa, S. Marchesi, L. Zappini","doi":"10.1109/ISC2.2016.7580851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISC2.2016.7580851","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing availability and diffusion of digital wireless communication systems and localization technologies is offering new opportunities for the introduction of location-based decision support systems for the fleet and mission control management in smart cities. In this paper, the use of multi-objective evolutionary metaheuristic for dispatching fleet assets is addressed. The applications are particularly interesting for goods transportation and emergency management agencies, the proposed approach has been implemented in a full-scale decision support system prototype under experimental validation at the headquarter of the Centrale Unica Emergenza (CUE) of Trento, Italy.","PeriodicalId":171503,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129400057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Fast visual object tracking via distortion-suppressed correlation filtering 通过扭曲抑制相关滤波快速视觉目标跟踪
2016 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2) Pub Date : 2016-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/ISC2.2016.7580837
Tianyang Xu, Xiaojun Wu
{"title":"Fast visual object tracking via distortion-suppressed correlation filtering","authors":"Tianyang Xu, Xiaojun Wu","doi":"10.1109/ISC2.2016.7580837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISC2.2016.7580837","url":null,"abstract":"Visual object tracking is a basic research unit in the construction of smart cities, it focuses on establishing a dynamic appearance model to represent the target in complex scenarios. In this paper, a distortion-suppressed correlation filtering based tracking method (DSCFT) is proposed. Our approach tackles distortions caused by spatial similarity comparison and temporal appearance updating. We establish our method under a Bayesian framework, where spatial and temporal appearance are embedded in likelihood and prior respectively. Firstly, The spatial distortion is handled by modifying weight windows and utilizing a proposal selection strategy to better track targets under fast motion and background clutters. Secondly, temporal information is retained in updating stage as a prior to represent dynamic variations of the target. Moreover, a multi-scale filtering scheme is integrated when updating the temporal appearance to boost the scale sensitivity. Experimental results dedicate the effectiveness and robustness of our DSCFT on benchmark videos.","PeriodicalId":171503,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131098962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
AUSILIA: Assisted unit for simulating independent living activities 辅助单元，模拟独立生活活动
2016 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2) Pub Date : 2016-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/ISC2.2016.7580802
T. Pisoni, N. Conci, F. D. Natale, M. Cecco, G. Nollo, A. Frattari, Giovanni M. A. Guandalini
{"title":"AUSILIA: Assisted unit for simulating independent living activities","authors":"T. Pisoni, N. Conci, F. D. Natale, M. Cecco, G. Nollo, A. Frattari, Giovanni M. A. Guandalini","doi":"10.1109/ISC2.2016.7580802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISC2.2016.7580802","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this paper is to present AUSILIA, a project aimed at developing and integrating solutions to foster independent living of subjects affected by disabilities or recovering from traumas. AUSILIA exploits the synergies and competences acquired by the partners in the domain of assisted living and rehabilitation, implementing an advanced technological infrastructure capable of monitoring and analyzing the activities conducted by the users within the premises of the living lab. Thanks to the capability of carrying out automatic analysis of the ongoing events and the interaction of the user with the surrounding environment and objects, it will be possible to determine the best set of aids to support an independent living as soon as they return back home.","PeriodicalId":171503,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133847457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 24
Analysing non-malicious threats to urban smart grids by interrelating threats and threat taxonomies 通过相互关联的威胁和威胁分类分析城市智能电网的非恶意威胁
2016 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2) Pub Date : 2016-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/ISC2.2016.7580878
A. Vasenev, Lorena Montoya
{"title":"Analysing non-malicious threats to urban smart grids by interrelating threats and threat taxonomies","authors":"A. Vasenev, Lorena Montoya","doi":"10.1109/ISC2.2016.7580878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISC2.2016.7580878","url":null,"abstract":"A comprehensive study of the smart grid threat landscape is important for designing resilient urban grids of the future. To this end, an analysis could first cross reference threat categorizations and interrelate treat events on the basis of threat lists that complement each other. This paper show how to cross-relate threat taxonomies and analyze relations between threats and system components to reasonably link diverse threats to a smart grid. We illustrate how one can look beyond a specific threat by (1) relating threat sources from one taxonomy to threat lists from other taxonomies; (2) analyzing how threats can be cross-related to identify possible scenarios of undesirable events; and (3) assigning threat categories to system components. These steps in sequence or individually aim to provide input to threat identification and (thus) risk assessment tasks. This paper focusses on threats listed in the IRENE research project and relates them to threat taxonomies used in the AFTER and SESAME projects which focused on smart grids as well.","PeriodicalId":171503,"journal":{"name":"2016 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115109014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
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