Journal of Soils and Sediments最新文献

{"title":"Effects of rill morphology characteristics on particle size selectivity using indoor simulation experiments with two types of soil from the Loess Plateau","authors":"Liying Sun, Qingyuan Dai","doi":"10.1007/s11368-024-03895-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-024-03895-7","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose</h3><p>The relations between rill morphology indicators and particle size selectivity by rainfall events were investigated, providing a new perspective on the mechanism of rill morphology indicators impacting on rill erosion processes.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Materials and methods</h3><p>Indoor rainfall experiments were carried out with three-dimensional (3D) laser scanning technique for better monitoring the rill morphological indicators, using two types of soil collected from the north part and the south part of the Loess Plateau, respectively.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results and discussions</h3><p>The higher degree of headward erosion is occurred on loamy clay (LC) soil from the south part of the Loess Plateau with the higher total length (6.65 m) due to the higher clay content. Higher degree of side erosion is demonstrated on sandy loam (SL) soil from the north part of the Loess Plateau with the higher mean rill width (0.09 ± 0.00 m) due to the higher sand content. The ratios of rill width to depth do not show significant differences on two types of soil with the average value greater than 1, indicating the relatively higher degree of side erosion than downward erosion on both soils. Silt fraction is selected with much higher efficiency than other fractions in two types of soil due to the dominant silt fractions in the primary soil. Rill width (<i>W</i>) is the most sensitive indicator to the particle size selectivity, as both the contents of clay, silt and fine particles and the enrichment ratio of silt show significantly (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) positive correlations with <i>W</i>. While, the enrichment ratio of sand fraction shows significantly (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) negative correlations with rill maximum depth and degree of contour line departure.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>The differences of rill morphology indicators on two types of soil slope mainly depend on soil texture and the development processes of rills.</p>","PeriodicalId":17139,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soils and Sediments","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isotope signature and ecoenzymatic stoichiometry as key indicators of urban soil functionality","authors":"Francesca Vannucchi, Andrea Scartazza, Cristina Macci, Francesca Bretzel, Serena Doni, Irene Rosellini, Eliana Tassi, Roberto Pini, Grazia Masciandaro, Eleonora Peruzzi","doi":"10.1007/s11368-024-03892-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-024-03892-w","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose</h3><p>This study aimed to assess the feasibility of the ecoenzymatic stoichiometry and isotope signature approaches as indicators of urban soil functionality, related to carbon and nutrient cycles.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>In Pisa and Livorno (Italy), study sites with three degrees of urbanization (natural, peri-urban and central urban sites) were selected, where holm oak (<i>Quercus ilex</i> L.) was the most common evergreen species. The urban and peri-urban sites differed in terms of NO₂ emissions. At each site, topsoil and plant litter were sampled, pH, EC, TOC, and TN were measured in soil and δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N in soil and plant litter. The β-glucosidase, acid phosphatase and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase enzyme activities were also determined in soil and the ratios were calculated.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The δ¹⁵N in plant litter increased from peri-urban to urban sites, along with the NO₂ emissions, emerging as a sensitive indicator of atmospheric N deposition. The δ¹⁵N and δ¹³C increased in soil, indicating more rapid N cycles and organic matter degradation in peri-urban and urban areas than in natural areas. The ecoenzymatic stoichiometry revealed C and P microbial limitations for all the sites studied. However, the microbial needs of C and P increased and decreased, respectively, along the urbanization gradient. Isotope abundance and microbial nutrient limitations were found to correlate with soil properties. Specifically, soil δ¹⁵N was closely correlated with microbial C limitations.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>The isotope signature and enzymatic stoichiometry used as indicators revealed that the soil characteristics affected the soil carbon and nutrient cycles as well as microbial energy and nutrient needs.</p>","PeriodicalId":17139,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soils and Sediments","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pollution of a Black Sea coastal city: potentially toxic elements in urban soils, road dust, and their PM10 fractions","authors":"Liliya Bezberdaya, Olga Chernitsova, Mikhail Lychagin, Elena Aseeva, Anna Tkachenko, Nikolay Kasimov","doi":"10.1007/s11368-024-03893-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-024-03893-9","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose</h3><p>The study aimed to assess the accumulation levels, spatial distribution, and sources of the potentially toxic elements (PTEs), such as Zn, As, Cd, Pb, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Sb, Mo, V, W, Sr, Mn, Bi, Sn, Fe, Cs, Be, and Ba, in urban soils, road dust and their PM₁₀ fractions in Yalta, a seaside resort town of the Crimean Peninsula.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Materials and methods</h3><p>The concentrations of the PTEs were measured in the urban topsoil (0–10 cm), road dust, and their fine particles, &lt; 10 μm in diameter (PM₁₀), using ICP-MS and ICP-AES methods. The soil and road dust samples were collected in 2018 in various functional zones of Yalta and on different types of roads. In total, 69 soil samples and 57 road-dust samples were taken. The PM₁₀ fraction was isolated by sedimentation method according to Stokes' law.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results and discussion</h3><p>The urban soils and the road dust were contaminated by Pb, Sb, Zn, Sn, Cd, Cu, Bi, Mo, and Mn. The finer particles (PM₁₀) separated from the urban soils and the road dust showed higher accumulation of the PTEs than the bulk samples. The contribution of the PM₁₀ fraction to the total amount of the pollutants in the bulk soil and road-dust samples accounted for 50–80%. The strongest contamination of the urban soils was found in the residential areas, while the road dust was mostly contaminated on the major highways.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>According to the results of the principal component analysis, most of the pollutants can be attributed to anthropogenic sources − non-exhaust and exhaust vehicle emissions. The other important sources of the PTEs are soil parent materials and the resuspension of soil particles. The contents of PTEs in the bulk soil and road-dust samples correspond to low and medium pollution levels. The elevated levels of the PTEs in the PM₁₀ fraction pose the greatest environmental hazard.</p>","PeriodicalId":17139,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soils and Sediments","volume":"147 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MMs (metals and metalloids) based 238U, 226Ra, 232Th,40 K contamination and health risk assessments in different surface soils near an uranium mine of Southeast China","authors":"Yanhe Guan, Zhongkui Zhou, Yadan Guo, Renyu Zeng, Jingying Chen, Zhanxue Sun","doi":"10.1007/s11368-024-03880-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-024-03880-0","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose</h3><p>The radionuclides pollution base on MMs (metals and metalloids) near uranium mines has been drawing broad attention, but the extent of their impact on soil and human health is still unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the distribution and health risk assessments of ²³⁸U, ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th and ⁴⁰ K base on MMs (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb) in different surface soils near an uranium mine.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Materials and methods</h3><p>Surface soil samples were extracted from 35 representative sites near the Lefu uranium mine. Radionuclides and MMs were measured using high-purity germanium (HPGe) N-type coaxial detector and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer, respectively. Pollution status was evaluated using D_R, Ra_eq, AEDE, H_ext, and ELCR for radionuclides and P_i, I_geo, RI and health risk index for MMs. Their correlation was analyzed through Pearson/Spearman correlation analysis.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results and discussion</h3><p>The average activity concentration of ²³⁸U, ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th, and ⁴⁰ K are 504, 1227, 118, and 769 Bq·kg⁻¹ respectively and the average concentration of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb are 200, 33.9, 41.3, 132, 18.4, 0.26, and 78.7 mg·kg⁻¹, respectively. Values of D_R, Ra_eq, AEDE, H_ext, and ELCR all exceed the world average to varying degrees and values of P_i, I_geo, RI and the health risk index are within the acceptable ranges. Correlation analyses showed that ²³⁸U, ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th and Pb are strongly correlated (correlation coefficient &gt; 0.6) with each other.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>On the basis of the obtained values, it can be concluded that generally higher radionuclides and MMs were distributed near the Lefu uranium. There are potential health risks associated with the elevated radioactivity. The overall situation of MMs is controllable, however, particular attention is warranted for Cr and Cd, as they approach values-at-risk. The strong correlations between ²³⁸U, ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th and Pb imply a uniform pollution level or a possible shared source.</p>","PeriodicalId":17139,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soils and Sediments","volume":"205 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sediment nitrate dissimilatory reduction processes in the river-lake ecotone of Poyang Lake, China: Mechanisms and environmental implications","authors":"Yinghui Jiang, Zhenglei Xie, Mingjun Ding, Hua Zhang, Gaoxiang Huang, Yun Cao, Guoyu Yin","doi":"10.1007/s11368-024-03890-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-024-03890-y","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose</h3><p>The river-lake ecotone in lake ecosystems can strongly influence sediment nitrate dissimilatory reduction processes. However, the mechanisms underlying these processes in river-lake ecotone ecosystems are still poorly understood. This study aims to investigate the rates of sediment nitrate dissimilatory reduction processes in Poyang Lake and clarify the mechanisms and environmental implications of these processes.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Materials and methods</h3><p>Sediment samples from five river-lake ecotones and lake ecosystems were collected from Poyang Lake, China. Sediment nitrate reduction and N₂O production rates were measured using ¹⁵N isotope tracing experiments. The abundance of denitrifiers, anammox 16S rRNA bacteria, and <i>nrfA</i> genes was quantified using the polymerase chain reaction method. Correlation analysis, redundancy analysis, and stepwise linear regression were used to evaluate the mechanisms of sediment nitrate reduction processes.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results and discussion</h3><p>Sediments in the river-lake ecotone showed significantly higher denitrification (DEN), N₂O production, dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA), and anammox rates compared to lake ecosystems. DEN was the dominant process contributing to nitrate reduction, accounting for 73.36% and 74.13% in the river-lake ecotone and lake ecosystem, respectively. DEN, N₂O, and DNRA rates were significantly positively correlated with TOC, sulfide, and Fe²⁺ contents, which control the abundance of denitrifying and <i>nrfA</i> genes, ultimately increasing these rates.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>The annual input of reactive N to the lake from the watershed is almost equivalent to the annual N removal. However, higher DNRA and N₂O production rates indicate that approximately 23.59% of the annual N input to the lake may be transformed to NH₄⁺ or N₂O. N retention and N₂O production in the river-lake ecotone significantly exceed those in the lake ecosystem, highlighting the ecotone as a hotspot for eutrophication risk and N₂O emissions.</p>","PeriodicalId":17139,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soils and Sediments","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of urbanisation on wintertime soil respiration in the Russian Arctic","authors":"Natalya Saltan, Viacheslav Vasenev, Maria Korneykova, Marina Slukovskaya, Marina Zavodskikh, Dmitrii Sarzhanov","doi":"10.1007/s11368-024-03885-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-024-03885-9","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose</h3><p>With ongoing global warming, the carbon (C) balance of Arctic ecosystems has become a ‘hot’ topic; however, C stocks and fluxes in the soil of Arctic cities remain overlooked. The research aimed to estimate wintertime soil respiration and its contribution to the cumulative annual CO₂ emission from urban and natural soil of Apatity town in the Russian Arctic zone.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Materials and methods</h3><p>Soil respiration and microclimatic parameters (i.e., air temperature, soil temperature at 0 cm, 7 cm and 20 cm, and snow height) were observed from November 2020 until May 2023 at two urban (UR) sites (UR1 was in the town centre, and UR2 was in the town’s outskirts) in comparison to the natural forested area. Soil chemical (i.e., bulk density, pH_w, contents of available P, total C, N, bulk contents of Cu and Ni) and microbial (i.e., C_mic, BR, qCO₂, number of rRNA gene copies and community-level physiological profile) properties were analysed to explain patterns in soil respiration.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>A thicker snow layer and warmer soil temperature at the urban sites determined a higher than at the natural site cumulative annual soil CO₂ efflux. The wintertime and snowy-period respiration accounted for 20% and 50% of the cumulative annual soil CO₂ efflux, respectively, with remarkable spikes during the thawing period. The high variation in soil respiration between urban sites was explained by different states of microbial communities, with higher activity shown for younger and more intensively managed soil at the UR2 site.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>An adequate estimate of soil C balance in Arctic cities must consider the wintertime soil respiration as an essential part of the cumulative annual CO₂ efflux, whereas monitoring points inside the cities represent the gradient in mesoclimatic conditions driven by the urban heat island effect as well as the age and management of urban soils.</p>","PeriodicalId":17139,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soils and Sediments","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing soil particle content prediction accuracy: advanced hyperspectral analysis and machine learning models","authors":"Xiao Wang, Jianli Ding, Lijing Han, Jiao Tan, Xiangyu Ge","doi":"10.1007/s11368-024-03886-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-024-03886-8","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose</h3><p>Prediction of soil particle content is essential for soil texture classification, soil management and agricultural production. This study aimed to achieve high-accuracy predictions of soil particle content in the Ogan-Kucha River Oasis using hyperspectral data and environmental variables.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Materials and methods</h3><p>We collected 62 representative surface soil samples (depth: 0–10 cm), and conducting indoor soil particle content and spectral measurements. The relationship between environmental variables and soil particle content was analyzed using the Boruta algorithm, and seven three-band spectral indices (TBIs) were constructed using an optimal band algorithm. By integrating environmental covariates and TBIs, soil particle inversion models were developed using the extreme learning machine (ELM), backpropagation neural networks (BP), neural networks optimized with the sparrow search algorithm (SSA-BP), and neural networks optimized with the sparrow search algorithm enhanced by Sine chaos mapping (Sine-SSA-BP).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results and discussion</h3><p>The results demonstrated that (1) the Boruta algorithm identified key environmental covariates that affect specific soil particle components; (2) there was significant variation in the correlation between different TBIs and soil particle content, with absolute correlation coefficients ranging from 0.225 to 0.852; (3) the estimation models established by the four machine learning algorithms performed well in predicting soil particle content, particularly for silt (<i>R</i>^<i>2</i>: 0.664–0.858, RMSE: 11.107–17.128) and clay (<i>R</i>^<i>2</i>: 0.444–0.857, RMSE: 0.550–1.405), for which higher accuracy was achieved; and (4) compared with the traditional ELM (<i>R</i>^<i>2</i>: 0.422–0.664), BP (<i>R</i>^<i>2</i>: 0.487–0.673) and SSA-BP models (<i>R</i>^<i>2</i>: 0.625–0.777), the Sine-SSA-BP model showed a significant improvement in prediction accuracy, with the highest <i>R</i>^<i>2</i> reaching 0.858.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Compared to the traditional ELM, BP and SSA-BP models, the Sine-SSA-BP model significantly excelled in predicting soil particle content, offering innovative insights and robust support for soil texture classification and management.</p>","PeriodicalId":17139,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soils and Sediments","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polylactic acid microplastics and polyhydroxyalkanoate microplastics affect cadmium mobility by regulating sediment geochemical properties","authors":"Wang Li, Hanwen Huangdeng, Xiaofei Zhao, Bo Zu, Jiawen Li","doi":"10.1007/s11368-024-03889-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-024-03889-5","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose</h3><p>Microplastics may affect the bioavailability of heavy metals in sediments primarily through direct adsorption. However, the potential of microplastics to alter the distribution of heavy metal chemical forms by interfering with the geochemical properties of sediments which may indirectly affect the bioavailability of heavy metals, has been overlooked. This study investigated the impact of two widely used biodegradable microplastics, polylactic acid (PLA) and polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), on the distribution of cadmium (Cd²⁺) in cadmium-contaminated sediments.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Varying concentrations and particle sizes of PLA and PHA were added to Cd-pre-contaminated sediment and incubated under simulated submersion conditions for 60 days. The distribution of Cd²⁺ fraction in the sediment was determined, and the influence of biodegradable microplastics on cadmium mobility, through the regulation of sediment geochemical properties, was assessed.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Compared to the control group, the pH value and organic matter content of sediments treated with biodegradable microplastics significantly decreased, which in turn caused a transformation in the chemical form of cadmium. Higher concentrations and smaller particle sizes significantly promote a shift in cadmium components toward acid-soluble forms, thereby enhancing the mobility of cadmium in sediments, thereby amplifying its environmental toxicity.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>These results emphasize the potential of biodegradable microplastics to indirectly affect the mobility of cadmium by regulating sediment geochemical properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":17139,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soils and Sediments","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biocementation for desert sand against wind-induced erosion with different treatment processes","authors":"Yang Liu, Yaqing Gao, Bin Liu, Xinwen Cao, Jiawei Chen","doi":"10.1007/s11368-024-03888-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-024-03888-6","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose</h3><p>Wind-induced erosion is a serious problem that yields soil degradation and environmental pollution. Biocementation technologies have shown potential for sand fixation and wind erosion control in deserts and arid regions. The topic of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of biocementation against wind-induced erosion with different treatment processes.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Biocementation was achieved through soybean-urease induced calcium carbonate precipitation. Three different volumes of treatment solution were used to treat sand specimens by spraying, mixing and the combination methods in this study. The characteristics of sprayed and mixed crust were shown, and the properties of all the biotreated specimens including CaCO₃ distribution, wind erosion rate, and penetration resistance were measured.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The carbonate content in the soil increased with the amount of treatment solution. At the same dosage, the spraying method concentrated 1.0%-1.4% CaCO₃ in the surface soil, while the mixing method generated 0.8% CaCO₃ in a uniform spatial distribution. The top-concentrated CaCO₃ resulted in a lower initial wind erosion rate of the sprayed specimen. The overall reinforcement of the soil by the mixing method produced higher penetration resistance and inhibited the development of wind erosion. The combination of the two methods increased penetration resistance to 200 N and reduced the wind erosion rate to almost 0 g·m⁻²·min⁻¹.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>The spraying and mixing methods induced different distribution patterns of CaCO₃ precipitations in soil, leading to varying biocementation effectiveness. To resist severe and continuous wind-induced erosion, a combination of the two methods can be considered to improve the uniformity and strength of biocementation within a certain depth of the soil.</p>","PeriodicalId":17139,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soils and Sediments","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparison of phytolith assemblages in surface soils along the 400-mm and 600-mm mean annual precipitation isohyets in Northeast China","authors":"Hongyan Liu, Dongmei Jie, Lidan Liu, Guizai Gao, Dehui Li, Nannan Li","doi":"10.1007/s11368-024-03879-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-024-03879-7","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose</h3><p>A prerequisite for the successful application of phytoliths in paleoenvironmental reconstruction is the correct interpretation of their environmental significance. In this context, key questions include: What magnitude of temperature/precipitation change is required to effect significant changes in surface soil phytolith percentages? When temperature/precipitation increases by a certain amount, what is the corresponding response of the percentages and assemblages of surface soil phytoliths? Additional detailed research is required to answer these questions.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Materials and methods</h3><p>We analyzed the phytoliths in 90 surface soil samples collected along the isohyets corresponding to the mean annual precipitation (MAP) of 400 mm (with the mean annual temperature (MAT) range of 3.24℃) and 600 mm (with the MAT range of 8.29℃) in Northeast China. Our objective was to determine the response of phytoliths to different temperature gradients. Soil phytoliths were extracted and identified using heavy liquid separation and microscope observations.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The DA of the phytolith percentages enabled the separation of samples collected along the two isohyets, with a total accuracy of 94.44%. MAT was the principal factor affecting the spatial distribution of phytoliths, with an explanation rate of 46.40%. In the surface soil samples collected along the two isohyets, the percentages of ELONGATE, ACUTE BULBOSUS, and PTERIDOPHYTE-TYPE morphotypes, were significantly negatively correlated with MAT, while the percentages of SQUARE were significantly positively correlated with MAT. However, the relationship between PAPILLATE percentages and MAT varied, showing both positive and negative correlations. A temperature gradient of ~ 3℃ was insufficient to significantly affect the percentages of SADDLE, BULLIFORM FLABELLATE, and BILOBATE. The phytolith index (C/W) can be effectively used to reconstruct the palaeoclimate in Northeast China. An MAP change of 200 mm resulted in significant changes in the percentages of ELONGATE, SADDLE, BULLIFORM FLABELLATE, and TRACHEARY (with the respective rates of 39.57%, 780.77%, 179.00% and 81.25%). However, the percentages of ACUTE BULBOSUS, SQUARE, RONDEL, BILOBATE, CRENATE, PTERIDOPHYTE-TYPE, SILICIFIED STOMATA, and PAPILLATE did not change significantly.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Our results contribute to an improved understanding of the response of various phytolith morphotypes to temperature, and they provide a modern process basis for future phytolith-based paleoclimatic reconstruction in this region.</p>","PeriodicalId":17139,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soils and Sediments","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}