Isotope signature and ecoenzymatic stoichiometry as key indicators of urban soil functionality

IF 2.8 3区 农林科学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Francesca Vannucchi, Andrea Scartazza, Cristina Macci, Francesca Bretzel, Serena Doni, Irene Rosellini, Eliana Tassi, Roberto Pini, Grazia Masciandaro, Eleonora Peruzzi
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Abstract

Purpose

This study aimed to assess the feasibility of the ecoenzymatic stoichiometry and isotope signature approaches as indicators of urban soil functionality, related to carbon and nutrient cycles.

Methods

In Pisa and Livorno (Italy), study sites with three degrees of urbanization (natural, peri-urban and central urban sites) were selected, where holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) was the most common evergreen species. The urban and peri-urban sites differed in terms of NO2 emissions. At each site, topsoil and plant litter were sampled, pH, EC, TOC, and TN were measured in soil and δ13C and δ15N in soil and plant litter. The β-glucosidase, acid phosphatase and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase enzyme activities were also determined in soil and the ratios were calculated.

Results

The δ15N in plant litter increased from peri-urban to urban sites, along with the NO2 emissions, emerging as a sensitive indicator of atmospheric N deposition. The δ15N and δ13C increased in soil, indicating more rapid N cycles and organic matter degradation in peri-urban and urban areas than in natural areas. The ecoenzymatic stoichiometry revealed C and P microbial limitations for all the sites studied. However, the microbial needs of C and P increased and decreased, respectively, along the urbanization gradient. Isotope abundance and microbial nutrient limitations were found to correlate with soil properties. Specifically, soil δ15N was closely correlated with microbial C limitations.

Conclusion

The isotope signature and enzymatic stoichiometry used as indicators revealed that the soil characteristics affected the soil carbon and nutrient cycles as well as microbial energy and nutrient needs.

Abstract Image

同位素特征和生态酶化学计量是城市土壤功能的关键指标
方法 在比萨和里窝那(意大利)选择了三种城市化程度的研究地点(自然地点、近郊地点和中心城区地点),其中霍尔姆橡树(Quercus ilex L.)是最常见的常绿树种。城市和城市周边地区的二氧化氮排放量不同。每个地点都对表土和植物枯落物进行了取样,测量了土壤中的 pH 值、EC 值、总有机碳和 TN 值,以及土壤和植物枯落物中的δ13C 和 δ15N。此外,还测定了土壤中的β-葡萄糖苷酶、酸性磷酸酶和 N-乙酰基-β-D-葡萄糖苷酶的酶活性,并计算了其比率。土壤中的δ15N 和 δ13C有所增加,表明城郊和城市地区的氮循环和有机物降解比自然地区更快。生态酶化学计量学显示,在所有研究地点,微生物对 C 和 P 的需求都受到限制。然而,沿城市化梯度,微生物对 C 和 P 的需求分别增加和减少。研究发现,同位素丰度和微生物养分限制与土壤特性相关。结论 作为指标的同位素特征和酶的化学计量揭示了土壤特性对土壤碳和养分循环以及微生物能量和养分需求的影响。
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来源期刊
Journal of Soils and Sediments
Journal of Soils and Sediments 环境科学-土壤科学
CiteScore
7.00
自引率
5.60%
发文量
256
审稿时长
3.5 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Soils and Sediments (JSS) is devoted to soils and sediments; it deals with contaminated, intact and disturbed soils and sediments. JSS explores both the common aspects and the differences between these two environmental compartments. Inter-linkages at the catchment scale and with the Earth’s system (inter-compartment) are an important topic in JSS. The range of research coverage includes the effects of disturbances and contamination; research, strategies and technologies for prediction, prevention, and protection; identification and characterization; treatment, remediation and reuse; risk assessment and management; creation and implementation of quality standards; international regulation and legislation.
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