Amit Verma, A. K. Verma, H. Parandeh-Afshar, P. Brisk, P. Ienne
{"title":"Synthesis of Floating-Point Addition Clusters on FPGAs Using Carry-Save Arithmetic","authors":"Amit Verma, A. K. Verma, H. Parandeh-Afshar, P. Brisk, P. Ienne","doi":"10.1109/FPL.2010.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FPL.2010.15","url":null,"abstract":"A new method to synthesize clusters of floating-point addition operations on FPGAs is presented. Similar to Altera’s floating-point data path compiler, it performs normalization once, at the output of the cluster operation. All significands in the clustered operation are denormalized in parallel with respect to the largest exponent: a fixed-point compressor tree then sums the aligned significands, followed by normalization and rounding. Compared to Altera’s floating-point datapath compiler, our method reduces the critical path delay by as much as 20%, and area by as much as 29% on Altera Stratix III FPGAs.","PeriodicalId":171235,"journal":{"name":"2010 International Conference on Field Programmable Logic and Applications","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115563324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leandro Möller, Peter Fischer, F. Moraes, L. Indrusiak, M. Glesner
{"title":"Improving QoS of Multi-layer Networks-on-Chip with Partial and Dynamic Reconfiguration of Routers","authors":"Leandro Möller, Peter Fischer, F. Moraes, L. Indrusiak, M. Glesner","doi":"10.1109/FPL.2010.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FPL.2010.53","url":null,"abstract":"Networks-on-Chip (NoC) allow several data transfers to occur in parallel and are indeed the communication infra-structure of future hundred-cores Systems-on-Chip (SoCs). However, if specialized modules are sending data at full speed to the NoC, Quality of Service (QoS) can be no longer guaranteed. This work presents a multi-layer mesh NoC approach to improve the QoS of such communication hungry SoCs. While one mesh layer is fixed in the system for control purposes, other data layers can be configured at runtime to provide the desired data throughput required by the application. This is accomplished by partially and dynamically reconfiguring the data layer routers. Arbitration algorithms, routing algorithms and huge crossbars are removed from the data layer routers, because all data routers in the path a configured accordingly before its utilization. A SoC following this idea was prototyped in a Virtex-4 FPGA and the Early Access Partial Flow was used to partially and dynamically reconfigure the NoC. We show that 120 (5!) different configurations are needed for each reconfigurable router with 5 bidirectional ports. Each configuration requires 33KB of memory and occupies 32 CLBs of area.","PeriodicalId":171235,"journal":{"name":"2010 International Conference on Field Programmable Logic and Applications","volume":"241 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116061309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhancing FPGA Device Capabilities by the Automatic Logic Mapping to Additive Carry Chains","authors":"Thomas B. Preußer, R. Spallek","doi":"10.1109/FPL.2010.70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FPL.2010.70","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an approach to the automatic mapping of arbitrary combinational circuits to the arithmetic carry-chain structures widely available in modern FPGAs. This capability is highly valuable as it enables the utilization of these fast special-purpose structures for general-purpose logic. The described approach is both automatic and generally applicable to all carry-chain architectures designed for binary addition. It, thus, lifts severe constraints left by previous works. It helps to reduce the pressure on the general-purpose routing resources and accelerates critical logic paths. The proposed mapping is further shown to enhance the logic capability of a logic block containing a k-input lookup table (k-LUT) to implement many (k+1)-input functions on common FPGA architectures. This, in particular, also applies to all logic functions with a non-inverting path as introduced by Anderson and Wang. This makes their envisioned gains in logic density achievable even on current devices without requiring their architectural extension. The benefits of the carry-chain mapping are experimentally evaluated on the basis of combinational MCNC benchmarks. It is shown how carry chains can be recovered within a functional standard mapping and that a device mapping aware of carry chains achieves a reduction of the combinational delay of about a 20 percent.","PeriodicalId":171235,"journal":{"name":"2010 International Conference on Field Programmable Logic and Applications","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114842624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"GPU Versus FPGA for High Productivity Computing","authors":"D. H. Jones, Adam Powell, C. Bouganis, P. Cheung","doi":"10.1109/FPL.2010.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FPL.2010.32","url":null,"abstract":"Heterogeneous or co-processor architectures are becoming an important component of high productivity computing systems (HPCS). In this work the performance of a GPU based HPCS is compared with the performance of a commercially available FPGA based HPC. Contrary to previous approaches that focussed on specific examples, a broader analysis is performed by considering processes at an architectural level. A set of benchmarks is employed that use different process architectures in order to exploit the benefits of each technology. These include the asynchronous pipelines common to \"map\" tasks, a partially synchronous tree common to \"reduce\" tasks and a fully synchronous, fully connected mesh. We show that the GPU is more productive than the FPGA architecture for most of the benchmarks and conclude that FPGA-based HPCS is being marginalised by GPUs.","PeriodicalId":171235,"journal":{"name":"2010 International Conference on Field Programmable Logic and Applications","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126230349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thermal Gradient Aware Clock Skew Scheduling for FPGAs","authors":"Sungmin Bae, N. Vijaykrishnan","doi":"10.1109/FPL.2010.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FPL.2010.29","url":null,"abstract":"FPGAs are gradually becoming an essential flexible-digital solution for automotive and military applications, where operating at extreme ambient temperature conditions reaching 125¿C are not uncommon. Operating FPGAs under such high-temperature environments require adequate timing margin to compensate potential delay increase, which worsens the performance of FPGAs. To minimize the performance degradation, we propose a thermal gradient aware clock skew scheduling technique which allocates temperature-adaptive timing margins considering worst case thermal gradients and junction temperature ranges of logic-paths in the design, instead of assigning a worst case timing margin to the entire design. The experimental results shows that our technique extends the operating ambient temperature range with an average about 20% performance improvement.","PeriodicalId":171235,"journal":{"name":"2010 International Conference on Field Programmable Logic and Applications","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123657004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anson H. T. Tse, David B. Thomas, K. H. Tsoi, W. Luk
{"title":"Reconfigurable Control Variate Monte-Carlo Designs for Pricing Exotic Options","authors":"Anson H. T. Tse, David B. Thomas, K. H. Tsoi, W. Luk","doi":"10.1109/FPL.2010.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FPL.2010.46","url":null,"abstract":"Exotic options are financial derivatives which have complex features including path-dependency. These complex features make them difficult to price, as only computationally intensive Monte-Carlo methods can provide accurate prices. This paper proposes an FPGA-accelerated control variate Monte-Carlo (CVMC) framework for pricing exotic options. An optimised implementation of arithmetic Asian option pricing under this framework in a Virtex-5 xc5vlx330t FPGA at 200MHz is 24 times faster than a multi-threaded software implementation on a Xeon E5420 at 2.5GHz; it is also 2.4 times faster than the Tesla C1060 GPU at 1.3 GHz.","PeriodicalId":171235,"journal":{"name":"2010 International Conference on Field Programmable Logic and Applications","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129777805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Masahiro Koga, M. Iida, M. Amagasaki, Yoshinobu Ichida, Mitsuro Saji, J. Iida, T. Sueyoshi
{"title":"First Prototype of a Genuine Power-Gatable Reconfigurable Logic Chip with FeRAM Cells","authors":"Masahiro Koga, M. Iida, M. Amagasaki, Yoshinobu Ichida, Mitsuro Saji, J. Iida, T. Sueyoshi","doi":"10.1109/FPL.2010.67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FPL.2010.67","url":null,"abstract":"An advantage of a RLD (Reconfigurable logic device) such as an FPGA (Field programmable gate array) is that it can be customized after being manufactured. However, there is a problem related to standby power when using it in SoC used in embedded systems. Power gating, which is one of the power reduction techniques, is difficult to use in SRAM-based RLDs because of the high overhead — data hibernation and reconfiguration time — and SRAM being volatile. In this paper, we describe a chip that we developed — are configurable logic chip based on FeRAM (Ferroelectric random access memory) technology. The chip employs island-style routing architecture and uses a variable grain logic cell as a logic block. A NV-FF (Non-Volatile FlipFlop), which contains FeRAM, aFF, and power-gating control circuits, is used as configuration memory. The NV-FF can transmit data between FeRAM and FF automatically when power to the chip is turned off/on. Thus, chip-level power gating is possible. The hibernate/restore time is less than 1 ms. The chip has 18 x 18 logic blocks and an area of 54.76 mm2.","PeriodicalId":171235,"journal":{"name":"2010 International Conference on Field Programmable Logic and Applications","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134568677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Cost-Effective Technique for Mapping BLUTs to QLUTs in FPGAs","authors":"M. Ritt, C. Lisbôa, L. Carro, C. Lazzari","doi":"10.1109/FPL.2010.72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FPL.2010.72","url":null,"abstract":"Quaternary logic has shown to be a promising alternative for implementing FPGAs, since voltage mode quaternary circuits can reduce the circuits' cost and at the same time reduce its power consumption. In this paper, we study the implementation of circuits in quaternary logic. To obtain cost-effective implementations of quaternary circuits, we propose a mapping from binary to quaternary circuits based on integer linear programming. Our results show that the expected improvements can be achieved, reducing, in average, the number of transistors by 27% and the number of nets by 19%, compared to a binary implementation.","PeriodicalId":171235,"journal":{"name":"2010 International Conference on Field Programmable Logic and Applications","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133488229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dynamically Reconfigurable Vision-Chip Architecture","authors":"Maki Yasuda, Minoru Watanabe","doi":"10.1109/FPL.2010.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FPL.2010.101","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, for autonomous vehicles and robots, demand has been increasing for high-speed image recognition that is superior to that of the human eye. To date, analogtype vision chips and digital vision chips have been developed. Nevertheless, even now, to realize such high-speed real-time image recognition operation is extremely difficult. Therefore, to realize a high-speed real-time image-recognizable vision chip, this paper presents a proposal for a dynamically reconfigurable vision chip architecture. In addition, some experimental results are reported.","PeriodicalId":171235,"journal":{"name":"2010 International Conference on Field Programmable Logic and Applications","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132077699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brian Leung, Chih-Hung Wu, S. Memik, Sanjay Mehrotra
{"title":"An Interior Point Optimization Solver for Real Time Inter-frame Collision Detection: Exploring Resource-Accuracy-Platform Tradeoffs","authors":"Brian Leung, Chih-Hung Wu, S. Memik, Sanjay Mehrotra","doi":"10.1109/FPL.2010.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FPL.2010.31","url":null,"abstract":"We present and compare implementations of an affine interior-point algorithm for real-time collision detection on a GPGPU and an FPGA. This particular interior-point algorithm is distinguished from other collision detection methods by its ability to perform detection between pairs of objects undergoing fast rotational and translational movement. This enables inter-frame collision detection, i.e. collision that might occur during the transition from one frame to another. In our design for the FPGA, we implemented the algorithm both in single-precision floating point and 32-bit fixed point and analyzed the trade-off between resource usage, data accuracy/precision, and system efficiency. Then, we compare them to a floating point implementation on a GPGPU using CUDA. With an object resolution of 45 vertices (45 vertices representing each polyhedral object), our FPGA implementation processes 1562 frames/sec for floating point and 1350 frames/second for fixed point and offers an 11x speedup over the GPGPU implementation. With object resolutions greater than 242 vertices, our GPGPU implementation outperforms our FPGA implementations.","PeriodicalId":171235,"journal":{"name":"2010 International Conference on Field Programmable Logic and Applications","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129361486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}