Journal of Sports Medicine & Doping Studies最新文献

{"title":"Physiological Factors Relevant to Exercise Tests in Pulmonary Rehabilitation of COPD Patients","authors":"E. Alibakhshi, L. Lores, R. Fiorillo","doi":"10.4172/2161-0673.1000167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0673.1000167","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of chronic morbidity and mortality in the world special in United States. Patients with COPD often complain of dyspnea and fatigue in exercise intolerance, also significantly impede quality of life of them. Main propose in this study is comparison all of Physiological Factors in reports and results of researches in relevance to Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation in COPD patients with exercise approach. In this study with style of Theoretical basic research and data calculate of digital resources, PubMed, Science direct, Scopus, Guidelines of ERS/ATS with Bibliographic method. Our approach is comparison all of physiological factors in investigations relevant to exercise tests in cardiopulmonary rehabilitation of COPD patients include: VO2Max, VCO2, VE, HR, FEV1, FVC, assessment of perceptual responses e.g. dysfunctions in muscle, dyspnea, leg discomfort, fatigue and such as exercise-related arterial oxygen desaturation, dynamic hyperinflation and limb-muscle strength. In many researches more improved of VO2max in Cardiovascular limitation than Ventilate limitation in COPD patients. In Cycle ergometer testing, COPD patients had less in elicit O2 desaturation that might occur in during lung ambulation. By using maximal incremental treadmill exercise test protocols can be developed and increased tolerance exercise in COPD patients. Treadmill testing have more physiological limitations than cycle ergometer and COPD patients often in treadmill tests have more limiting factors: dyspnea and coughing.","PeriodicalId":17085,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine & Doping Studies","volume":"77 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83881458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heart Rate Recovery is Blunted in Soccer Athletes During a CompetitiveSeason","authors":"A. P. Corrêa, P. R. Viecili, C. C. Callegaro","doi":"10.4172/2161-0673.1000166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0673.1000166","url":null,"abstract":"Since vagal control of the heart rate (HR) is impaired in athletes during the competition period, we hypothesized that soccer athletes engaged in a competitive season would exhibit an impaired HR recovery after exercise. Seven male soccer athletes and 9 male sedentary individuals were matched for age. Heart rate variability (HRV) was assessed in sitting and upright position for 10 min. The HR and blood pressure (BP) were measured at rest, during treadmill exercise test and recovery period. Individuals were 24 ± 3 years old. The athletes had a lower HR (55 ± 3 bpm vs. 72 ± 10 bpm; P< 0.001) and systolic BP (108 ± 4 mmHg vs. 118 mmHg ± 6; P< 0.001) than sedentary individuals at rest. Low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) component of the HR were similar in both groups at sitting position. Active orthostatic test increased LF and reduced HF in both groups. Soccer athletes showed a higher maximal oxygen consumption (63 ± 5 ml.kg-1.min-1 vs. 47 ± 5 ml.kg-1.min-1; P= 0.001). The HR recovery in the first minute after exercise was similar in both groups. High-intensity exercise performed at the competition season may blunt heart rate recovery in soccer athletes.","PeriodicalId":17085,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine & Doping Studies","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76341583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Inhaled Salbutamol on Repeated Sprint Ability in Pre- Fatigued Soccer Players","authors":"J. Dickinson, Jie Hu, N. Chester, M. Loosemore, G. Whyte","doi":"10.4172/2161-0673.1000164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0673.1000164","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Investigate the ergogenic effect of inhaling up to 1600 μg of salbutamol on intermittent running performance in pre-fatigued soccer players. \u0000Methods: In a single blind randomised repeated measures design seven male and six female soccer players volunteered to participant. All participants were regularly playing competitive soccer and had no history of asthma. Following familiarisation sessions participants visited the exercise physiology laboratory on three occasions to complete an intermittent running protocol followed by twelve 17.5 m sprints. Prior to each trial participants inhaled either: placebo, 800 μg inhaled salbutamol (SAL800) or 1600 μg inhaled salbutamol (SAL1600). Following completion of the sprints a sample from the first urine passed was analysed for salbutamol concentration. A repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare the mean sprint time, maximal sprint power, peak blood lactate post sprints and post sprint salbutamol urine concentration between conditions. \u0000Results: Mean sprint time, maximum power, maximum velocity, peak HR and peak blood lactate during the 17.5 m sprints were not significantly different between treatments in soccer players. There was no significant difference between male and female players in urine drug concentration following SAL800 (mean + SD; 201.47 + 294.47 ng.ml-1 vs. 180.2 + 102.15 ng.ml-1) or SAL1600 (739.24 + 549.21 ng.ml-1 vs. 879.58 + 633.14 ng.ml-1). Three players urine drug concentrations were above the WADA decision limit set at 1200 ng.ml-1. \u0000Conclusions: Inhaling up to 1600 μg inhaled salbutamol did not significantly improve repeated sprint performance. However, inhalation of 1600 μg may result in a urine concentration above the current WADA upper limit and decision limit leading to a positive test. Athletes should ensure they use inhaled salbutamol at therapeutic doses to avoid the risk of breaching the WADA decision limit.","PeriodicalId":17085,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine & Doping Studies","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87646312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exercise, Immune System and Circadian Rhythm","authors":"B. Boukelia","doi":"10.4172/2161-0673.1000163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0673.1000163","url":null,"abstract":"Copyright: © 2015 Boukelia B. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Abnormal circadian rhythms have been linked to illnesses such as diabetes, depression [1], bipolar disorder [2], seasonal affective disorder (SAD) [3] and even obesity [4]. Furthermore, circadian rhythms can affect body function and health due to sleep-wake cycles, body temperature [5], hormone release [6], and other important body functions. More recent studies have investigated other performance parameters that have also been found to possess a circadian rhythmicity, such as, stroke volume, cardiac output, blood pressure, vascular blood flow, metabolic rate, sweat rate and trunk flexibility [7].","PeriodicalId":17085,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine & Doping Studies","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81880043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Translating and promoting scientific findings: Getting the attention of your audience","authors":"Jennifer Seyler","doi":"10.4172/2161-0673.S1.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0673.S1.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17085,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine & Doping Studies","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84709073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gene Doping: The Undetectable Performance-Enhancing Drug?","authors":"Paige, Christopher Sl","doi":"10.4172/2161-0673.1000162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0673.1000162","url":null,"abstract":"Several high profile athletes have incorporated performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs) into their training regimen, and there is speculation that a fair number of professional, collegiate, and recreational athletes are engaging in these practices as well. With better technology, however, current doping methods are becoming easier to detect. Because of this, some athletes will soon be looking for other ways to become the best. This commentary reviews gene therapy in the form of doping with a focus on Erythropoietin (Epo), VEGF, and IGF-1. We also review the possible long-term effects including cancer, heart failure, and stroke and discuss the detectability of gene doping in the future.","PeriodicalId":17085,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine & Doping Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83349884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of the Steroid Era on Major League Baseball Hitters: Did It Enhance Hitting?","authors":"Br, on J Erickson, A. Yanke, Brett T. Monson, A. Romeo","doi":"10.4172/2161-0673.1000161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0673.1000161","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The “steroid era” in Major League Baseball (MLB) was a time when drug testing for performance enhancing drugs (PED) was not routinely performed. \u0000Purpose: To determine if there was a correlation between the steroid era and home runs, batting average, and isolated power (ISO) in MLB players. \u0000Methods: Home run, batting average, and ISO data from 1973 to 2012 was collected and analyzed. The data from the steroid era 1993-2002 was compared to the pre steroid eras 1973-1982, 1983-1992, and post steroid era 2003-2012. \u0000Results: There was no statistically significant increase in the number of home runs (HR) hit by the American League (AL), National League (NL) or overall in MLB. There was no statistically significant increase in the ISO or highest yearly single player HR total during the steroid era. There were significantly more players who hit 40 or more HR per season during 1993-2002 compared to each of the other time periods (p<0.002). Throughout all time periods, there was no significant change in batting average. \u0000Conclusion: There was a significant increase in players who hit more than 40 HR in a single season during the steroid era compared to before and after this time period.","PeriodicalId":17085,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine & Doping Studies","volume":"78 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83647467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eccentric Training: A Load of Interest","authors":"L. Brilla","doi":"10.4172/2161-0673.1000E148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0673.1000E148","url":null,"abstract":"Eccentric Muscle Action (EMA) is a critical contributor to training, whether it is for competition or health-related physical performance, such as falls prevention in older adults. EMA is not well explained by the cross bridge contributions and capitalizes on the accumulation of elastic energy during sarcomere lengthening [1]. During lengthening, sarcomere stiffness is reduced, allowing implementation of the series elastic element while storing elastic energy. Roberts and Azizi [2] refer to “springy tissues” and their capacity of stretching while storing elastic strain energy and recoiling later to release energy, when force is reduced. They asserted that tendons have three times the energy storage capacity of muscle fascicles and described tendons as mechanical buffers [3].","PeriodicalId":17085,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine & Doping Studies","volume":"298 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75455463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Objective Evidence of Post-exertional “Malaise” in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome","authors":"Frank N M Twisk","doi":"10.4172/2161-0673.1000159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0673.1000159","url":null,"abstract":"Essential elements of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME) are muscle (weakness) and tenderness, cognitive deficits, neurological impairments, especially of cognitive, autonomic and sensory functions, but above all, post-exertional“malaise”: a prolonged increase of symptoms after a minor physical and mental exertion. \u0000Chronic fatigue Syndrome (CFS) is defined as clinically evaluated, unexplained (persistent or relapsing) chronic fatigue, accompanied by at least four out of eight specific symptoms, e.g., sore throat, unrefreshing sleep, and \u0000headaches. \u0000Since cognitive deficits and post-exertional “malaise” are not mandatory for the diagnosis CFS, only part of the CFS patient group meets the diagnostic criteria for ME. \u0000So, post-exertional “malaise” is considered to be the distinctive feature of ME. However, “malaise” is an ambiguous and subjective notion. In order to assess post-exertional malaise objectively, several studies have employed widely used methods to quantify the deviant effects of exertion in ME (CFS). This review focuses on the long-lasting (negative) effects of exercise on the performance indicators of the physical exercise capacity, the cognitive deficits and the muscle power.","PeriodicalId":17085,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine & Doping Studies","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74996287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochemistry and Psychology of Chess and Classical Physical Exercise: Concurring or Conflicting Evidence?","authors":"S. Golf","doi":"10.4172/2161-0673.1000158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0673.1000158","url":null,"abstract":"Chess is a competitive sport in the classical meaning of the word. One of the most important factors for chess and sport competence is the accumulated time of training. In order to obtain a high level of competence, chess players and athletes alike must spend up 10 years of specific training. In chess and classical sport energy needed for brain activity is first derived from glycogen stores in brain, muscles and liver and later from adipose tissue. Both, chess and classical sport rely on shared energy from glycogen and fat. When the brain needs additional energy, muscles and liver share energy with the brain. When muscles need additional energy, brain complies with the request of muscles. Energy expenditure, O2 uptake and CO2 production during chess games are similar to those obtained during a marathon. Mental and physical fatigue begin with similar metabolic states: deprivation of glycogen. During competitive chess, athletes must be in good physical condition. Mental profiles of chess players and other athletes correlate with processes such as attention, conflict control, memory, motivation and recognition. In chess there exists no gender-specific excellence; glycogen availability, however, is less developed in female chess players. In chess and in classical sports, the brain, spinal cord, nerves and muscles cooperate in complete harmony. The brain commands everything: in chess the figures, in sport the cellular receptors (baro-, lactate-, gluco-, metabo-, chemo-, thermo-, respiratory-) “send” signals via eyes or metabolic changes to the brain. The brain then decides, what to do: in chess, the player moves a figure; in sports, muscles react according to demand. Physical exercise or chess must be defined by a motor activity completely controlled by the central nervous system (CNS) in combination with a specific competence. In chess as well as in physical exercise, physical stress prepares brain to cognitive stimulation. With respect to biochemical, physiological, neuronal and psychological aspects, chess is equals classical physical exercise and must be recognized as sport.","PeriodicalId":17085,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Medicine & Doping Studies","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84956618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}