{"title":"Solubility of insect fat in compressed CO2: Experiments and density- as well as activity-based modeling","authors":"Tom Goldberg, Volker Herdegen","doi":"10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106705","url":null,"abstract":"As an important basis for the design of economic extraction processes, the solubility of insect fat in compressed CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> was experimentally determined over a wide range of temperature (298 to 353<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>K) and pressure (15 to 60<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>MPa) using the gravimetric static-analytical method. The insect fat arises as a side-product from protein meal production from dried black soldier fly (<ce:italic>Hermetia illucens)</ce:italic> larvae<ce:italic>.</ce:italic> The solubility varied from 0.15 to 167 g<ce:inf loc=\"post\">fat</ce:inf>/kg<ce:inf loc=\"post\">CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf></ce:inf> depending on the operation conditions. The obtained solubility data were correlated using 8 common semi-empirical density-based models involving 3 to 5 fitting parameters. Based on the enhancement factor concept and thermodynamic considerations, an extended semi-empirical model is proposed, which gives the best goodness of fit with an <mml:math altimg=\"si0001.gif\"><mml:mi mathvariant=\"italic\">AARD</mml:mi></mml:math> of 9.8% despite the heterogeneity of the insect fat. An activity-based model (Expanded liquid theory) using a modified Wilson approach has also been considered, but did not lead to a better description of the solubility data with an <mml:math altimg=\"si0002.gif\"><mml:mi mathvariant=\"italic\">AARD</mml:mi></mml:math> of 14.2%.","PeriodicalId":17078,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Supercritical Fluids","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144341258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kai Zhang, Keyong Cheng, Xunfeng Li, Xiulan Huai, Cang Tong
{"title":"Comprehensive performance assessment of the supercritical CO2 PCHEs with different compactness","authors":"Kai Zhang, Keyong Cheng, Xunfeng Li, Xiulan Huai, Cang Tong","doi":"10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106704","url":null,"abstract":"To enhance the compactness of supercritical CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> Brayton cycle systems, this study proposes straight-type and asymmetric airfoil-type printed circuit heat exchangers with different compactness. Their thermal-hydraulic performance was numerically investigated and compared to a traditional straight-type exchanger with a compactness of 1250 m<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup>/m<ce:sup loc=\"post\">3</ce:sup>. Nusselt number and friction factor correlations were developed for Reynolds numbers between 4000 and 16000. Using these correlations, recuperators were designed and evaluated based on total cost. The results showed that under heating conditions, the asymmetric airfoil fin channel with a compactness of 5000 m<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup>/m<ce:sup loc=\"post\">3</ce:sup> exhibits the best heat transfer performance, while the straight channel with a compactness of 2500 m<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup>/m<ce:sup loc=\"post\">3</ce:sup> achieves optimal hydraulic performance. Increased compactness reduces recuperator volume but raises pressure drop. The straight channel with a compactness of 2500 m<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup>/m<ce:sup loc=\"post\">3</ce:sup> achieves the lowest total cost, whereas the asymmetric airfoil fin channel with a compactness of 5000 m<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup>/m<ce:sup loc=\"post\">3</ce:sup> results in the highest.","PeriodicalId":17078,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Supercritical Fluids","volume":"101 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144341259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tinkara Marija Podnar , Željko Knez , Gregor Kravanja
{"title":"Enhancing strength and CO₂ uptake in lignite-based fly ash geopolymer mortar through supercritical carbonation","authors":"Tinkara Marija Podnar , Željko Knez , Gregor Kravanja","doi":"10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106695","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106695","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study demonstrates the potential of supercritical CO₂ curing to enhance the performance and sustainability of lignite-based fly ash geopolymer mortar offering a promising approach to reducing CO₂ emissions in the construction industry while improving material properties. The research comprehensively compared conventional curing (GEO-REF) with supercritical CO₂ curing (GEO-CO₂), revealing that GEO-CO₂ samples exhibited higher compressive and flexural strengths, achieving peak performance almost immediately after curing. Supercritical CO₂ exposure resulted in enhanced carbonation, with a depth of up to 7.6 mm and a carbonation rate of up to 67 %. XRD confirmed phase changes due to CO₂ curing, with GEO-CO₂ showing additional calcium carbonate-calcite, calcium carbonate-aragonite, and calcium silicate hydroxide compared to GEO-REF. Nitrogen adsorption/desorption studies indicated larger pore diameters but a reduced BET surface area in GEO-CO₂ samples, suggesting structural changes due to CO₂ exposure. TGA analysis revealed that supercritical CO₂ curing reduced water retention and enhanced carbonation, resulting in increased CaCO₃ content and changes in Ca(OH)₂ levels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17078,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Supercritical Fluids","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 106695"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144329663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Supercritical CO2 extraction of bioactives from P. halepensis petals: Process modeling, mass transfer, and bioactivity characterization","authors":"Amel Chammam , Irina Smirnova , Luc Fillaudeau , Mehrez Romdhane , Carsten Zetzl , Jalloul Bouajila","doi":"10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106701","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106701","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The extraction of bioactive compounds from <em>P. halepensis</em> petals was carried out using supercritical carbon dioxide (Sc-CO<sub>2</sub>) under varying operational conditions, including extraction time, pressure (300–500 bar), co-solvent type (water or ethanol), and particle size (120–1400 µm), and compared to conventional techniques such as Soxhlet extraction and maceration. The results showed that Sc-CO<sub>2</sub> extraction at 300–500 bar achieves ∼80 % recovery of bioactive compounds within the first 30 min. Tan, Liang and Liou model successfully fitted the extraction kinetics. Furthermore, all extracts demonstrated moderate to high anticancer activity against LS174t and HCT116 cell lines compared to tamoxifen (a well-known anticancer standard). Extracts obtained by Sc-CO<sub>2</sub> with water as a co-solvent exhibited significant antioxidant activity against DPPH free radical; however, their antioxidant activities were notably lower than those obtained through conventional extraction methods. Finally, 38 molecules were identified by HPLC-DAD and 24 by GC-MS<em>.</em> The originality and novelty of this study are a) First-time application of Sc-CO<sub>2</sub> to extract bioactive compounds from <em>P. halepensis</em> petals; b) Identification of new chemical compounds (seven detected for the first time in this species) as a novel contribution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17078,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Supercritical Fluids","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 106701"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144329661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Extraction of high-quality sunflower seed oil with carbon-dioxide expanded hexane for biofuel use","authors":"Mapesa Kamisa Luhasile, Takeshi Sako, Haruka Sano, Yusuke Aoki, Mathayo Gervas Mathias, Idzumi Okajima","doi":"10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106702","url":null,"abstract":"This study focuses on environmentally friendly technology for extracting sunflower seed oil utilizing CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>-expanded hexane (CXH). The extraction conditions are optimized using response surface method, featuring a central composite rotatable design, at a pressure range of (4.5 to 6.5) MPa, temperature range of (20 to 30) ℃, and CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> mole fraction range of 0.70 to 0.88. The optimal extraction conditions using CXH are a pressure of 5.0<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>MPa, temperature of 25 ℃, and CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> mole fraction of 0.82, yielding 0.379 g-oil/g-sample with free fatty acid and phosphorus concentrations of 1.91<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>wt% and 7.2<ce:hsp sp=\"0.25\"></ce:hsp>µL/L, respectively. The response surface method model equations enable calculation of the oil yield and phosphorus concentration with an error ≤ 9%. Comparison of CXH and liquid hexane oil extraction reveals that CXH achieves higher oil yield in shorter extraction time and higher-quality sunflower seed oil suitable for biofuel, meeting European standards without requiring extensive refining.","PeriodicalId":17078,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Supercritical Fluids","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144341260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liu Yang , Rongmin Zhang , Guorong Zhang , Bin Zhao , Qian Li , Weihua Cai
{"title":"Study on data universality and machine learning for methane transcritical flow and heat transfer in PCHE channel with different boundary conditions","authors":"Liu Yang , Rongmin Zhang , Guorong Zhang , Bin Zhao , Qian Li , Weihua Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106700","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106700","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to integrate data under various conditions to carry out machine learning, it is necessary to establish the principle of data universality. In this work, the methane transcritical flow and heat transfer in PCHE was numerically studied with three boundary conditions to propose the data universality principle. That is, when the local boundary parameters, flow state and thermal physical properties are similar, the local heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop will be equal. The machine learning methods of ANN and LightGBM models were employed to predict the local flow and heat transfer parameters in the channel. The results indicate that, under multiple conditions, the ANN model achieves a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) less than 3 % and the R<sup>2</sup> over 0.999. The prediction on new cases are also highly consistent with the simulation results. The data universality principle laid the key foundation of machine learning prediction on various conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17078,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Supercritical Fluids","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 106700"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144307835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yujiao Zhai , Jing Zhang , Yuxuan Yang , Yuyin Zhao , Jiale Chen , Fenghao Shi , Chunling Xin , Yadong He
{"title":"A simple and efficient method for preparing high-expansion, low-shrinkage poly(ether-block-amide) foam","authors":"Yujiao Zhai , Jing Zhang , Yuxuan Yang , Yuyin Zhao , Jiale Chen , Fenghao Shi , Chunling Xin , Yadong He","doi":"10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106699","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106699","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Poly(ether-block-amide) (PEBA) is limited by its insufficient matrix strength and low melt viscoelasticity, which adversely affect its foaming performance and present significant challenges for preparing high performance PEBA foams. To overcome these limitations, this work introduces an epoxy chain extender KL-E4370B to modify PEBA via chain extension. The results demonstrate that the modified PEBA achieves a markedly higher branching degree, accompanied by a three order of magnitude increase in complex viscosity and storage modulus. These improvements elevate the expansion ratio from 22.05 to 26.82 and extend the foaming temperature window by 70 °C. However, the modification also leads to a decline in crystallinity performance, characterized by a 5.28 % reduction in crystallization temperature, a 13.07 % decrease in crystallinity, and a 34.62 % slowdown in crystallization rate. These changes lead to significant foam shrinkage, with a shrinkage rate of up to 83.59 % and a recovery rate as low as 21.66 %, which compromises dimensional stability. To address these issues, a secondary N<sub>2</sub> foaming assisted gas exchange method was implemented. This approach not only restores the expansion ratio of the shrunken foam but also surpasses the initial expansion ratio achieved by primary CO<sub>2</sub> foaming. Furthermore, increasing the saturation time or pressure enhances the solubility of N<sub>2</sub> in PEBA, thereby further improving the expansion ratio of foam. Ultimately, this study successfully fabricates a PEBA foam material with an expansion ratio of up to 44.17 and a shrinkage rate as low as 40 %. This work provides a simple and effective strategy for producing high-expansion, low-shrinkage thermoplastic elastomer foams.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17078,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Supercritical Fluids","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 106699"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144329662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"TBABr-based deep eutectic mixtures as efficient catalytic medium for the cycloaddition reaction between CO2 and epoxides","authors":"A.B. Paninho , S. Messias , M.E. Zakrzewska , L.C. Branco , A.V.M. Nunes","doi":"10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106696","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106696","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The production of cyclic carbonates from CO<sub>2</sub> and epoxides is one of the most investigated strategies for the chemical utilization of CO<sub>2</sub> as renewable carbon source. In this work different tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBABr)-based deep eutectic mixtures were prepared and tested as catalytic systems for the cycloaddition reaction between CO<sub>2</sub> and propylene oxide. Best results were obtained for TBABr:Glycerol deep eutectic system. The operating conditions (reaction temperature, CO<sub>2</sub> pressure and TBABr:Glycerol molar ratio) on propylene carbonate formation was studied. The catalytic activity of DES (TBABr: Gly (1:5)) was also tested for different epoxides resulting in the corresponding cyclic carbonates in good yields, the exceptions were cyclohexene oxide and limonene oxide, which are more difficult to activate owing to an increased steric hindrance. Finally, the reusability of the catalytic medium was investigated using supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> extraction as a second step for product separation from the reaction mixture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17078,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Supercritical Fluids","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 106696"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144304557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ali Rasoolzadeh , Ali Bakhtyari , Khayyam Mehrabi , Jafar Javanmardi , Khashayar Nasrifar , Amir H. Mohammadi
{"title":"Thermodynamic consistency assessment and modeling of methane and carbon dioxide hydrates dissociation conditions in the presence of deep eutectic solvents as eco-friendly inhibitors","authors":"Ali Rasoolzadeh , Ali Bakhtyari , Khayyam Mehrabi , Jafar Javanmardi , Khashayar Nasrifar , Amir H. Mohammadi","doi":"10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106698","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106698","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The formation of gas hydrates in gas-dominated pipelines results in flow assurance challenges, potentially leading to blockages, production interruptions, equipment malfunctions, and financial losses. This study presents a comprehensive thermodynamic modeling framework to calculate methane and carbon dioxide hydrates dissociation conditions in the presence of deep eutectic solvent (DES) aqueous solution as promising thermodynamic hydrate inhibitor. A modified van der Waals-Platteeuw (vdW-P) model is utilized for the hydrate phase, combined with the Peng-Robinson (PR) equation of state for the gas/vapor phase. Water activity is calculated employing a combination of Flory-Huggins (FH), NRTL, or UNIQUAC models for short-range molecular interactions and the Pitzer model for long-range ionic effects. A database of 80 experimental hydrate dissociation conditions points across eight DES systems is then analyzed. All three modeling packages yield average absolute deviations (AAD) below 1 K, with the (vdW-P + PR + FH + Pitzer) model achieving the lowest AAD of 0.46 K after thermodynamic consistency screening. Thermodynamic consistency tests reveal that only 12 out of the 80 data points fully satisfy all three criteria (Clausius–Clapeyron linearity, enthalpy consistency, and water activity stability), which indicates potential limitations in experimental data reliability. The study presents a robust and validated modeling tool for calculating hydrate phase equilibrium in DES-containing systems, highlighting the importance of consistency tests in assessing experimental data quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17078,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Supercritical Fluids","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 106698"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144304558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bin Wu , Nanfu Li , Chao Xiang , Jiazhen Wang , Hongliang Ming , Jianqiu Wang , En-Hou Han
{"title":"Understanding the corrosion behavior of additive manufactured 316L stainless steel in supercritical carbon dioxide at high temperature","authors":"Bin Wu , Nanfu Li , Chao Xiang , Jiazhen Wang , Hongliang Ming , Jianqiu Wang , En-Hou Han","doi":"10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106697","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106697","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the corrosion behavior of additive manufactured (AM) 316 L stainless steel in supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO₂) at 650°C and 20 MPa. After 3000 h, the corrosion weight gain rate of the horizontal scanning surface (Plane S) was 0.66 mg/cm², significantly higher than the 0.21 mg/cm² for the deposition surface (Plane Z). Differences in corrosion behavior are attributed to the anisotropic microstructure, with Plane S showing more longitudinal corrosion. Both surfaces exhibited carburization, with Plane S displaying deeper carburization due to increased defects in the oxide layer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17078,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Supercritical Fluids","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 106697"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144297516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}