Towards sustainable extraction of bioactive compounds from guayusa (Ilex guayusa): A comparative study on compressed fluids’ performance

IF 4.4 3区工程技术 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Supercritical Fluids Pub Date : 2025-10-06 DOI:10.1016/j.supflu.2025.106801

Minxing Zhang , Lidia Montero , Jose A. Mendiola , Elena Ibáñez

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Ilex guayusa, a traditional Amazonian plant rich in caffeine and polyphenols, has attracted interest for its antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. This study evaluates the potential of green compressed fluid extraction techniques to recover bioactive compounds from I. guayusa leaves using environmentally friendly solvents: pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), gas-expanded liquids (GXL), and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). A mixture design approach combining CO2, ethanol, water, and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MTHF) in different proportions as solvents was applied to optimize extraction conditions. Among the tested methods, GXL extraction yielded the highest phenolic content and demonstrated superior antioxidant (ABTS and DPPH) and anti-inflammatory (inhibition of lipoxigenase, LOX) activities. Conventional water maceration showed stronger cholinesterase inhibition, suggesting complementary neuroprotective potential. Chemical profiling (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS) of the optimized extract confirmed the presence of phenolic acids and flavonoids associated with the observed bioactivities. These findings highlight the effectiveness of compressed fluid-based green extraction for obtaining multifunctional phytochemicals from I. guayusa, with promising applications in functional foods and nutraceuticals.

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瓜柳草生物活性化合物的可持续提取：压缩流体性能的比较研究

冬青，一种富含咖啡因和多酚的传统亚马逊植物，因其抗氧化和神经保护特性而引起了人们的兴趣。本研究评估了绿色压缩流体提取技术的潜力，利用环保型溶剂：加压液体萃取（PLE）、气胀液体萃取（GXL）和超临界流体萃取（SFE）从番石榴叶中提取生物活性化合物。采用不同比例的CO2、乙醇、水和2-甲基四氢呋喃（2-MTHF）作为溶剂的混合设计方法优化提取条件。其中，GXL提取法的酚类物质含量最高，具有较强的抗氧化（ABTS和DPPH）和抗炎（抑制脂氧化酶，LOX）活性。常规水浸对胆碱酯酶有较强的抑制作用，提示互补的神经保护潜力。化学分析（HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS）证实，优选的提取物中存在与生物活性相关的酚酸和黄酮类化合物。这些研究结果强调了压缩流体绿色提取技术在番石榴中提取多功能植物化学物质的有效性，在功能食品和营养保健品中具有广阔的应用前景。

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来源期刊

Journal of Supercritical Fluids 工程技术-工程：化工

CiteScore

7.60

自引率

10.30%

发文量

236

审稿时长

56 days

期刊介绍： The Journal of Supercritical Fluids is an international journal devoted to the fundamental and applied aspects of supercritical fluids and processes. Its aim is to provide a focused platform for academic and industrial researchers to report their findings and to have ready access to the advances in this rapidly growing field. Its coverage is multidisciplinary and includes both basic and applied topics. Thermodynamics and phase equilibria, reaction kinetics and rate processes, thermal and transport properties, and all topics related to processing such as separations (extraction, fractionation, purification, chromatography) nucleation and impregnation are within the scope. Accounts of specific engineering applications such as those encountered in food, fuel, natural products, minerals, pharmaceuticals and polymer industries are included. Topics related to high pressure equipment design, analytical techniques, sensors, and process control methodologies are also within the scope of the journal.