Social Entrepreneurship eJournal最新文献

{"title":"Does Access to Finance Matter in Microenterprise Growth? Evidence from Bangladesh","authors":"S. Khandker, Hussain Samad, Rubaba Ali","doi":"10.1596/1813-9450-6333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-6333","url":null,"abstract":"In less-developed economies such as Bangladesh, the farm sector is the major source of employment and income, while the rural nonfarm sector provides as an additional source of income. But the rural nonfarm sector increasingly plays an important role in fostering the development of the rural economy. A significant share of this sector is made up of microenterprise activities, which requires investment and access to adequate funds. This paper investigates the role access to finance plays in promoting the efficiency and growth of microenterprise activities. The findings suggest that households engaged in microenterprise activities, in addition to farm and other nonfarm activities, are much better off (in terms of income, expenditure and poverty) than those not engaged in such activities. Fewer than 10 percent of the enterprises have access to institutional finance (formal banks or microcredit), although the rate of return on microenterprise investments is more than sufficient (36 percent per year) to repay institutional loans. The research suggests that credit constraints may reduce the enterprises' profit margin by as much as 13.6 percent per year. As the returns to microenterprise investment are found to be high, microfinance institutions can play a larger role in supporting microenterprise growth in Bangladesh.","PeriodicalId":170603,"journal":{"name":"Social Entrepreneurship eJournal","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125257307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dividend and Profit Allocation Practices of Performing Cooperatives in Malaysia","authors":"Nurizah Noordin, S. Rajaratnam, Shahron Anuar Said, Farahaini Mohd Hanif, Rafedah Juhan","doi":"10.15496/PUBLIKATION-39543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15496/PUBLIKATION-39543","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the dividend payout and profit allocation practices of performing cooperatives in Malaysia, specifically how net profits were distributed as between dividends and various funds established for the benefit of members, after the necessary statutory deduction has been made. This paper is an exploratory study that is confined to performing co-operatives throughout Malaysia of different sizes and activities. Figures were derived from the 2008, 2007 and 2006 audited annual financial statements provided by the co-operatives themselves. Overall the study revealed that micro co-operatives are found to have paid the highest average dividend payouts, followed by the large co-operatives. Credit co-operatives which have a sizeable amount of shares and subscriptions are observed to have the lowest average dividend payout ratio. The highest dividend payout is given out by the construction and consumer co-operatives. Besides dividends, co-operatives normally allocate part of their annual net profit for the benefit of members in the form of specific funds for members’ social and related purposes. It was observed that in 2007, all co-operatives have increased their allocation towards members’ benefits except for co-operatives in the services sector. In conclusion, the credit, agriculture and industrial co-operatives are the top three functions with the highest level of contribution to members' benefit fund.Este articulo analiza el pago de dividendos y practicas de reparto de beneficios que siguen las cooperativas de Malasia, especificamente el sistema en los que los beneficios netos, despues de realizar las deducciones legales pertinentes, se distribuyen entre dividendos y los fondos creados para el beneficio de los miembros. Se ha realizado un estudio exploratorio que analiza las cooperativas de diferente tamano y actividad limitadas a Malasia. Los datos se derivan de las auditorias de los anos 2008, 2007 y 2006, que presentan las propias cooperativas. En general, el estudio demostro que las micro-cooperativas realizan, de media, los pagos de dividendos mas elevados, seguidos por las cooperativas de gran tamano. Se ha observado que las cooperativas de credito, que tienen una considerable cantidad de intereses y suscripciones, mantienen sin embargo media mas baja de reparto de intereses. El pago de dividendos mas elevado lo realizan las cooperativas de la construccion y el consumo. Ademas de los dividendos, las cooperativas normalmente destinan parte de sus beneficios netos a favorecer a sus miembros, mediante fondos especiales destinados a proyectos sociales de los miembros. Se ha observado que, en 2007, todas las cooperativas aumentaron el reparto destinado a los beneficios para los miembros, con la excepcion de las cooperativas en el sector servicios. Como conclusion, las cooperativas de credito, agricolas e industriales son los tres tipos de cooperativas con un mayor nivel de contribucion al fondo para beneficio de los miembros.","PeriodicalId":170603,"journal":{"name":"Social Entrepreneurship eJournal","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124440913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Crowd Funding Means for Restoring U. S. Economic Growth: America's Last Best Chance to Avoid Jumping Off the Job Creation Capital Gap Cliff","authors":"Laurie Thomas Vass","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2185467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2185467","url":null,"abstract":"The argument is that the rate of capital investment during the 4 years following the meltdown did not create the number of jobs sufficient to offer employment to the number of workers who either lost their jobs or entered the labor force.","PeriodicalId":170603,"journal":{"name":"Social Entrepreneurship eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129536073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Drives the Microfinance Lending Rate?","authors":"R. Mersland, R. O. Strøm","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2144618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2144618","url":null,"abstract":"Is the microfinance institution (MFI) able to charge unduly high lending rates and obtain a profitability incompatible with perfect competition? We use a global panel data set of MFIs. The Panzar and Rosse revenue test in static and dynamic versions is employed, together with analyses of price (the lending rate) and return on assets. We control for microfinance specific variables such as average loan and institutional background variables, and also perform estimations in sub-samples of ownership types, regulation, and founder type. We find that the average MFI does not enjoy monopoly market power in its market, but cannot reject that perfect competition or monopolistic competition are better descriptions of the MFI's average market type. The conclusions hold up in both static and dynamic regressions, as well as in different sub-samples.","PeriodicalId":170603,"journal":{"name":"Social Entrepreneurship eJournal","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115511913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Women Micro Entrepreneurship and Socio Economic Development in Khulna","authors":"M. Islam, Sheikh Quaniz Fatema","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2979278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2979278","url":null,"abstract":"Micro and Small Enterprise (MSE), around the world, contributes strongly to economy and therefore draws increasing concern from the stakeholders. Bangladesh economy is also blessed with the contributions of MSE and with the increase of number of MSE in the country attention to the MSE sector is growing continuously. This research studies MSEs in Khulna City and its surroundings to find out the entrepreneurship scenario and its contribution to the socio-economic development. With data collected from 50 women entrepreneurs of the research area, the research concludes that entrepreneurship develops the status of the women at the firsthand and then society and country become benefited from that developed status of women because of women empowerment, increased productivity, social cohesion etc. But in the growth of entrepreneurship, there are lots of problems among which no back up support/link is mentionable. Without back up support/link, micro entrepreneurships become more vulnerable and in crisis time they very often fail permanently.","PeriodicalId":170603,"journal":{"name":"Social Entrepreneurship eJournal","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123382735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Social Enterprise and the Social Entrepreneurship – Instruments of Local Development – A Comparative Study for Romania","authors":"Lucica Matei, Ani Matei","doi":"10.1016/J.SBSPRO.2012.09.182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SBSPRO.2012.09.182","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":170603,"journal":{"name":"Social Entrepreneurship eJournal","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114657735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pins in the Shoes of Microfinance","authors":"S. Badruddoza","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2037376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2037376","url":null,"abstract":"This note critically discusses the possible endogenous problems that microfinance sector in Bangladesh should seriously take into account. It also draws possible explanations and/or consequences of these factors. The broad understanding is that the sector should emphasize credit plus programs, skill development of borrowers, strong monitoring, product diversification, microenterprise for graduated members and micro-insurance to withstand shocks. For extreme poor, safety-net programs are better option than microfinance.","PeriodicalId":170603,"journal":{"name":"Social Entrepreneurship eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129885581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Practical Development Project Design, Planning and Execution","authors":"Arinze Francis Udenka","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2227395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2227395","url":null,"abstract":"This is A Radical Rethinking of the Way to Train Development Project Practitioners.The book is designed to introduce development practitioners to the rudiments of project management, in order to improve the project delivery process and efficiency during the implementation process. Discussions within the text will be quite helpful to development practitioners through a better understanding of how to evaluate the cost and benefit of embarking on a project, and ways of enhancing the quality of the end-product, reduction in the time it takes to conclude a project, and the different stages involved in the process. Conceptualization of specific development projects would introduce the student to project management concepts and the rationale behind the subject. Here, discussions about specific projects, their planning methods, and the appropriate feasibility studies for the projects.Methods needed to draw up a budgetary plan and the budgetary control methods for specific projects. The different methods of project implementation, and the monitoring methods used for evaluating these projects. The discussions within the text would also range from how to apply project life cycle models in specific development projects, the costing methods involved in managing fixed and variable assets, and project management simulation exercises.Section 1 focuses on simulating the theoretical concepts, and how a full body of a project can be conceptualized from the initiation stages to finishing. Section 11 applies the feasibility evaluation to practical usage for the daily activities of the development worker. The book serves as an introduction to project management for the student, rural worker, and middle class workers that work in large institutions within Less Developed Countries (LDCs).","PeriodicalId":170603,"journal":{"name":"Social Entrepreneurship eJournal","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122381523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are Compact Cities Environmentally (and Socially) Desirable?","authors":"C. Gaigné, S. Riou, Jacques-François Thisse","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3262031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3262031","url":null,"abstract":"There is a wide consensus among international institutions and national governments in favor of compact (i.e. densely populated) cities as a way to improve the ecological performance of the transport system. Indeed, when both the intercity and intra-urban distributions of activities are given, a higher population density makes cities more environmentally friendly as the average commuting length is reduced. However, when we account for the possible relocation of activities within and between cities in response to a higher population density, the latter may cease to hold. Because changes in population density affect land rents and wages, firms and workers re-optimize and choose new locations. We show that this may reshape the urban system in a way that generates both a higher level of pollution and welfare losses. As cities become more compact, agglomeration occurs and, eventually, the secondary business centers vanish. By increasing the average commuting length, these changes in the size and structure of cities may be detrimental to both the ecological and welfare objectives even if intercity trade flows decrease. This means that compact is not always desirable, and thus an increasing-density policy should be supplemented with instruments that impact the intra- and inter-urban distributions of activities. We argue that a policy promoting the creation of secondary business centers can raise welfare and decrease emissions.","PeriodicalId":170603,"journal":{"name":"Social Entrepreneurship eJournal","volume":"168 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115098847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is There Any Regional Imbalance of SHGS Formation in Tamil Nadu?","authors":"R. Karuppannan","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1997987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1997987","url":null,"abstract":"The SHGs have become the common vehicle of development process, all the programmes envisage growth or development in India converging towards microfinance and it is considered to be the largest microfinance programme in terms of outreach in the world. Many studies were carried out in India about the regional level imbalances but studies were not conducted in Tamil Nadu(a State in India) whether imbalances exists at region and district level in the State of Tamil Nadu. The primary objective of this paper is to analyze the imbalances in the formation of SHGs at district and regional level in Tamil Nadu and this study is based on secondary data.","PeriodicalId":170603,"journal":{"name":"Social Entrepreneurship eJournal","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124202198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}