Journal of Sleep Research最新文献

{"title":"Acute Effects of Oral Cannabinoids on Sleep and High-Density EEG in Insomnia: A Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial.","authors":"Anastasia Suraev, Iain S McGregor, Danielle McCartney, Nathaniel S Marshall, Chien-Hui Kao, Rick Wassing, Angela L D'Rozario, Keith K H Wong, Brendon J Yee, Sheila Sivam, Richard C Kevin, Ryan Vandrey, Christopher Irwin, Christopher J Gordon, Delwyn Bartlett, Jonathon C Arnold, Ronald R Grunstein, Camilla M Hoyos","doi":"10.1111/jsr.70124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.70124","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cannabinoids, particularly Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), have gained popularity as alternative sleep aids; however, their effects on sleep architecture and next-day function remain poorly understood. Here, in a pilot trial, we examined the effects of a single oral dose containing 10 mg THC and 200 mg CBD (THC/CBD) on objective sleep outcomes and next-day alertness using 256-channel high-density EEG in 20 patients with DSM-5 diagnosed insomnia disorder (16 female; mean (SD) age, 46.1 (8.6) years). We showed that THC/CBD decreased total sleep time (-24.5 min, p = 0.05, d = -0.5) with no change in wake after sleep onset (+10.7 min, p > 0.05) compared to placebo. THC/CBD also significantly decreased time spent in REM sleep (-33.9 min, p < 0.001, d = -1.5) and increased latency to REM sleep (+65.6 min, p = 0.008, d = 0.7). High-density EEG analysis revealed regional decreases in gamma activity during N2 sleep, and in delta activity during N3 sleep, and a regional increase in beta and alpha activity during REM sleep. While there was no observed change in next-day objective alertness, a small but significant increase in self-reported sleepiness was noted with THC/CBD (+0.42 points, p = 0.02, d = 0.22). No changes in subjective sleep quality, cognitive performance, or simulated driving performance were observed. These findings suggest that a single dose of cannabinoids, particularly THC, may acutely influence sleep, primarily by suppressing REM sleep, without noticeable next-day impairment (≥ 9 h post-treatment). Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ACTRN12619000714189) https://www.anzctr.org.au/.</p>","PeriodicalId":17057,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sleep Research","volume":" ","pages":"e70124"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144591519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wake EEG and Sleep Hypoxemia Predicts Poor Driving and Vigilance Following Extended Wakefulness in People With OSA.","authors":"Andrew Vakulin, Garry Cho, David Stevens, Nathaniel S Marshall, Hannah Openshaw, Delwyn J Bartlett, Caroline D Rae, Keith K H Wong, R Doug McEvoy, Ronald R Grunstein, Angela L D'Rozario","doi":"10.1111/jsr.70131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.70131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a highly prevalent but heterogeneous condition which makes identifying patients at risk of vigilance and driving impairment clinically challenging. Resting wake electroencephalography (EEG) is associated with vigilance performance in healthy participants. We examined if rested wake EEG predicted vigilance and driving impairment in OSA following extended wakefulness. Fifty-four patients underwent baseline polysomnography and 28-h extended wakefulness, repeated vigilance assessments (psychomotor vigilance task (PVT), driving simulator) and resting wake EEG (Karolinska drowsiness test). Cluster analysis assigned patients into groups of either resistant (n = 38) or vulnerable (n = 16) to vigilance failure based on PVT and driving performance following extended wakefulness. Backward stepwise regression models and receiver operator characteristics curves were used to determine the strongest clinical and wake EEG predictors of vigilance impairment. The vulnerable OSA group showed impaired PVT and driving performance relative to the resistant group (p < 0.01). Compared with resistant patients, the vulnerable group exhibited increased delta (p < 0.001) and theta (p = 0.003) EEG power across extended wake. Significant predictors of vigilance impairment were (1) baseline wake EEG theta and O₂ Nadir during sleep, explaining 42% of the variance, and (2) delta power and O₂ Nadir explaining 32% of the variance in vigilance performance. ROC analysis showed strong discrimination between vulnerable and resistant patients (AUC 0.85-0.86, sensitivity 73%-87%, specificity 71%-84%). Slow frequency wake EEG activity and sleep hypoxemia at baseline are predictive of subsequent driving simulator and vigilance impairment in patients with OSA following extended wakefulness. This is potentially important for vigilance and fitness-to-drive assessments in OSA. Trial Registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12613001171707.</p>","PeriodicalId":17057,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sleep Research","volume":" ","pages":"e70131"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144591520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep Deprivation Alters T Cell Dynamics: Melatonin as a Restorative Agent.","authors":"Hilal Öztürk, Hakan Çalış, Yusuf Metin Gelmez, Günnur Deniz, Abdullah Yılmaz, Mahmut Alp Kılıç, Nermin Yelmen, Zozan Güleken, Devrim Saribal","doi":"10.1111/jsr.70130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.70130","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sleep is an essential physiological function regulated by circadian rhythm and homeostatic regulation for emotional and physical health. Conversely, sleep deprivation (SD) is associated with weakened immune system function and overall health, which potentially leads to chronic diseases such as heart disease and diabetes. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the immune response to SD and the potential therapeutic effect of melatonin in modulating this response. For this purpose, 24 8-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were distributed into 4 groups: control, control with melatonin, SD, and SD with melatonin. Treg levels were assessed in peripheral blood and spleen samples with flow cytometry. According to the data, SD decreases the CD3⁺ T cells in blood but not in spleen samples. Moreover, Helios transcription factor expressing Treg cell levels are increased in both blood and spleen in the SD group, which indicates a possible immunosuppressive occurrence. Melatonin administration affected the numbers of total Tregs and particularly the numbers of Helios⁺ Tregs and restored the T cell population similar to the normal levels. Our results suggest melatonin as a key regulatory component for SD-induced immunological imbalance as well as reduced memory and effector Tregs and increased naïve Tregs. According to these findings, they highlight the immunological consequences of SD and the therapeutic promise of melatonin in restoring immune function.</p>","PeriodicalId":17057,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sleep Research","volume":" ","pages":"e70130"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144600847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nocturnal Wakefulness Is Associated With Suicidality in Depressed Inpatients: A Polysomnographic Study.","authors":"Alessandro Sarzetto, Maria Cristina Cavallini, Federico Pacchioni, Francesca Casoni, Luigi Ferini Strambi, Linda Franchini, Barbara Barbini, Cristina Colombo","doi":"10.1111/jsr.70138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.70138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Depression is a common psychiatric disorder and a major public health concern. Suicidal ideation and behaviour are frequently reported during major depressive episodes. Sleep disturbances are being progressively recognised as a risk factor for suicide. However, due to the paucity of studies adopting an objective sleep assessment, sleep issues of suicidal depressed individuals have been insufficiently characterised yet. This study aims to compare polysomnographic features of depressed suicidal and non-suicidal subjects. Forty four subjects hospitalised for a major depressive episode, either unipolar or bipolar, underwent polysomnography upon admission to a psychiatric ward. Hamilton depression rating scale was adopted to evaluate depression severity; item 3 of the scale was used to evaluate the presence or absence of suicidal ideation. Polysomnographic features of subjects with and without suicidal thoughts were statistically compared. Suicidal ideation was present in 47.7% of subjects (N = 21). Wake after sleep onset was significantly different in the two subsamples (p = 0.047) and higher in subjects with suicidal ideation (90.6 vs. 67.1 min). In addition, there was a trend toward significance in the comparison of WAKE% (p = 0.053), which was higher in subjects with suicidal ideation (18.6% vs. 14.9%). Mean length of awakenings was higher in the suicidal ideation group (15.37 vs. 7.44 min; p = 0.009). PSG evaluated nocturnal wakefulness was higher in subjects with suicidal ideation, confirming that sleep disturbances play a key role in suicidality. In particular, the length of awakenings may be a powerful marker of suicidality.</p>","PeriodicalId":17057,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sleep Research","volume":" ","pages":"e70138"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144584184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypoxic Load and Average Oxygen-Saturation During Sleep and Wake Are Associated With Cognitive Function in Obstructive Sleep Apnea.","authors":"K Thorisdottir, T Leppänen, H Hrubos-Strøm, E Richert, L Biedebach, K R Jóhannsdóttir, E S Arnardottir, M K Jónsdóttir","doi":"10.1111/jsr.70136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.70136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cognitive processes commonly affected by obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are more strongly associated with hypoxic load parameters than the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). Additionally, lower SpO₂ during wake affects cognition, emphasising the need for concurrent assessment with sleep SpO₂. This study examined which OSA severity parameters best predict cognitive performance and the role of wake SpO₂. Sixty-one participants (53% female), with an average age of 46.9 years (range 19-79), completed a three-night self-applied polysomnography (PSG) and a digital neurocognitive battery. Oxygen saturation-based PSG parameters predicted immediate recall, vigilance, and processing speed, whereas the AHI did not. Greater hypoxic severity from 100% SpO₂ baseline was the strongest predictor of slower processing speed (χ²(6) = 17.74, p = 0.007) (β = -5.72, p = 0.023). Lower average SpO₂ during sleep most strongly predicted immediate recall (χ²(6) = 28.94, p < 0.001) (β = 0.38, p = 0.03) and vigilance (χ²(6) = 16.72, p = 0.010) (β = 0.15, p = 0.002). Additionally, lower wake SpO₂ was associated with reduced vigilance performance. The results confirm the AHI's limitation in capturing OSA symptom severity and highlight the stronger associations between oxygen saturation-based OSA parameters and cognitive abilities. Furthermore, we recommend incorporating wake SpO₂ measures in sleep research to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the relationship between SpO₂ and cognitive abilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":17057,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sleep Research","volume":" ","pages":"e70136"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144560462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conditional Probability of Observing a Poor Night According to Sleep Depth Among Individuals With Insomnia.","authors":"D Laroche, A Vallières, C H Bastien","doi":"10.1111/jsr.70132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.70132","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study aims at verifying whether the conditional probability of observing a poor night after one, two, or three consecutive poor nights is associated with sleep depth or sleep self-estimation. Online sleep diaries were collected for 21 consecutive nights from 30 adults with insomnia. Participants completed seven consecutive nights of home polysomnography starting on night 1, 8, or 15 of the sleep diary. The conditional probabilities of observing a poor night after one, two, or three consecutive poor nights were computed for each participant. Sleep depth was measured with the Odds Ratio Product. K-Means Cluster Analyses were computed to derive sleep patterns. Pearson's correlation tests and ANOVAs were conducted to verify the existence of relations with conditional probabilities of observing poor nights and characterise identified sleep patterns. The conditional probability of observing a poor night after one, two, or three consecutive poor nights increased with objective and self-reported WASO, self-reported TWT, and sleepiness before bedtime. The probability increased on sleep depth; thus, the lack of sleep depth was more pronounced. Conversely, the probability increased as subjective SE decreased. Two sleep patterns in insomnia were derived from sleep diaries. Individuals for whom the conditional probability of having consecutive poor nights is high and constant tend to exhibit a reduced sleep depth. Cortical and physiological arousal might play a key role in the development and maintenance of sleep patterns in insomnia. Sleep self-estimation does not appear to be influenced by the conditional probability of experiencing a poor night after consecutive poor nights.</p>","PeriodicalId":17057,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sleep Research","volume":" ","pages":"e70132"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144560461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of the Feasibility Between Single-Channel Frontal Pole Flexible Electrode Sleep Patches and Polysomnography in Stroke Survivors.","authors":"Yuqi Wang, Jing Zhou, Shuiping Yan, Ruixue Ye, Fubing Zha, Mingchao Zhou, Dongxia Li, Miaoling Chen, Juan Zhou, Jianjun Long, Shugeng Chen, Li Wan, Yulong Wang","doi":"10.1111/jsr.70140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.70140","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polysomnography (PSG), the gold standard for sleep monitoring, remains limited by its high cost and technical complexities in operation and data analysis. The flexible electrode sleep patch (FESP) is a novel wearable frontal single-channel EEG device for rapid sleep monitoring via FP1 and FP2 sites. Although preliminary studies support its reliability in healthy individuals, its feasibility for stroke patients remains unexplored. We compared the two devices in terms of consistency, correlation, specificity, and sensitivity regarding sleep parameters, sleep structures and EEG characteristic waves in stroke survivors. Initially, a stroke-specific sleep staging algorithm was trained using recorded sleep data from 26 healthy individuals and 26 stroke patients. Subsequently, 45 stroke patients were monitored with single night-time synchronised PSG and FESP for approximately 6-8 h. Our results indicated that FESP and PSG exhibit significant agreement in sleep metrics among stroke survivors. For sleep stages, the Cohen Kappa values ranged from 0.68 to 0.83. For sleep-related metrics, Pearson correlation coefficients (PCC) ranged from 0.720 to 0.890, and intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) ranged from 0.661 to 0.889. The specificity of Deep stages was 95.76% with high accuracy of 93.79%. FESP offers a clinically viable alternative for initial sleep assessment, with significant potential to enhance the diagnosis and management of stroke-related sleep disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":17057,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sleep Research","volume":" ","pages":"e70140"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144560460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Sleep Regularity Index: A New Way to Evaluate Shiftwork Schedules.","authors":"Jacob R Guzzetti, Panagiotis Matsangas, Siobhan Banks, Nita L Shattuck","doi":"10.1111/jsr.70133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.70133","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sailors adhere to a variety of demanding shiftwork schedules (known as 'watchbills') which pose a challenge for sleep and wellbeing at sea. Previous research aimed at identifying viable watchbills based on how they protect sailors' sleep has largely relied on sleep duration. Findings have highlighted insufficient sleep during watchstanding but have mixed results when comparing across watchbills. Sleep regularity is another important dimension of sleep that has been rarely assessed during watchstanding. This study aimed to investigate sleep regularity assessment as a tool for evaluating watchbills, using a recently introduced metric-the Sleep Regularity Index (SRI). Two hundred eighteen sailors from different watchbills were assessed for approximately 1 week of an underway period. The median SRI score was significantly lower for the 5-h on/15-h off watchbill compared to all other watchbills, despite no statistically significant differences in daily sleep duration. The median SRI score was similar between fixed watchbills. The large measurable differences in SRI scores between watchbills, particularly when sleep duration was similar, demonstrated the value of sleep regularity assessment as a tool for evaluating watchbills.</p>","PeriodicalId":17057,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sleep Research","volume":" ","pages":"e70133"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144540619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment Preferences in Patients With Insomnia and Medical Comorbidity: Associated Factors and Impact on Treatment-Outcome.","authors":"Nynke Rauwerda, Irene Pot, Annemarie Braamse, Annemieke van Straten, Pythia van Nieuwkerk, Myrthe Boss, Marian Rikkert, Hans Knoop","doi":"10.1111/jsr.70115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.70115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Insomnia is common in patients with medical comorbidity. First-line treatment for insomnia is cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I). However, some patients with medical comorbidities prefer pharmacological treatment. This study aimed to (1) identify factors influencing treatment preference in these patients, and (2) assess how aligning treatment with patient preferences impacts outcomes for CBT-I and low-dose Amitriptyline. This study was part of a non-inferiority randomised controlled trial. The study involved 187 participants who were randomly assigned to either CBT-I or Amitriptyline for 12 weeks and 54 participants who refused to participate in the randomised controlled trial. Treatment preferences were assessed at baseline using the Treatment Perception and Preferences (TPP) questionnaire and insomnia severity was assessed before and after treatment with the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Multiple and linear regression analyses (p < 0.001, adj. R² = 0.06) revealed that higher age and attributing insomnia to psychological causes predicted a stronger preference for CBT-I while severe insomnia predicted a stronger preference for Amitriptyline. There were no differences in treatment-outcome between amitriptyline and CBT-I for those without a treatment preference, neither for those receiving their treatment preference. However, for patients not receiving their treatment preference, amitriptyline performed significantly worse than CBT-I (M = 13.72 (1.72) vs. M = 9.83 (0.80), p = 0.045). In conclusion, age, attributing insomnia to psychological causes and insomnia severity predict treatment preference in patients with medical comorbidity. Our findings suggest that when treatment does not align with a patient's preference, CBT-I results in a better treatment-outcome than medication. Trial Registration: Dutch Trial Register: NTR NL7971.</p>","PeriodicalId":17057,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sleep Research","volume":" ","pages":"e70115"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144528515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One Single Session to Sleep Them All? The Potential of Single-Session Interventions for Insomnia.","authors":"Matteo Carpi, Erica Marie Szkody, Daniel Ruivo Marques","doi":"10.1111/jsr.70134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.70134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Poor sleep and insomnia are pervasive public health concerns, with insomnia ranking as the second most prevalent mental health disorder in the general population. Moreover, insomnia is a significant predictor of subsequent depression and is frequently co-occurring with other psychological difficulties. While both in-person and digital cognitive-behavioural treatments have proven effective as first-line strategies for managing insomnia, their accessibility remains limited, with several barriers preventing dissemination, particularly, among at-risk or hard-to-reach populations such as adolescents, university students and minority groups. Single-session interventions (SSIs) for mental health have recently emerged as a strategic asset and treatment approach, grounded in specific theoretical tenets and assumptions. The efficacy and feasibility of SSIs have been well documented, with systematic evidence highlighting their flexibility, applicability and cost-effectiveness across a wide range of clinical and subclinical conditions. However, their full implementation in the treatment of insomnia remains limited. This brief review aims to illustrate the alignment between the SSI framework and the needs of psychological treatments for insomnia and to summarise current evidence on single-session, one-shot interventions for insomnia. Notably, several one-shot interventions based on cognitive-behavioural therapy for insomnia have been tested in clinical trials with promising results, though their integration with the broader SSI approach appears partial. Further research is warranted to develop consensus-based in-person and digital SSIs for insomnia and to assess their feasibility and effectiveness within a stepped-care framework.</p>","PeriodicalId":17057,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sleep Research","volume":" ","pages":"e70134"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144528512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}