ERN: Other European Economics: Labor & Social Conditions (Topic)最新文献

{"title":"Assimilation and Integration of Immigrants in Europe","authors":"Mariya Aleksynska, Y. Algan","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1682706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1682706","url":null,"abstract":"This paper documents assimilation of immigrants in European destinations along cultural, civic, and economic dimensions, distinguishing by immigrants' generation, duration of stay, and origin. Based on the European Social Survey, it suggests that assimilation may have multiple facets, and take place at different speed depending on the outcome in question. While assimilation along some economic and cultural outcomes may be correlated, such correlations are not systematic, and imply that progress on some dimensions may compensate the lack of progress on other dimensions; and also that a big discrepancy in one dimension is not necessarily a handicap, or an impediment, for assimilation on other grounds. Correlation of immigrants' outcomes and specific policies aimed at immigrants' integration are rather disparate, raising further questions regarding both their effectiveness and differentiated effect on various aspects of life.","PeriodicalId":170522,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other European Economics: Labor & Social Conditions (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129810278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cultural Identity, Mobility, and Decentralization","authors":"Christoph Schild, M. Wrede","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1681320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1681320","url":null,"abstract":"Regionalism and efforts to reinforce regional cultural identities are on the rise in Europe. Examples can be found in Spain, Belgium, Italy, Great Britain, and other countries. Regional governments may invest in cultural identity due to beneficial effects on social capital. However, this comes at the cost of cultural adaption costs for non-natives. We propose a simple model of regional culture investments in a federation to investigate such a trade-off. The model shows that uncoordinated cultural policies generally lead to oversupply of regional culture, and that richer regions face higher incentives to invest in regional culture. We conclude that only mild assumptions are necessary to make a strong case for regional cultural integration.","PeriodicalId":170522,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other European Economics: Labor & Social Conditions (Topic)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115297357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Respect as an Incentive","authors":"T. Eriksson, M. Villeval","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1687529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1687529","url":null,"abstract":"Assuming that people care not only about what others do but also on what others think, we study respect as a non-monetary source of motivation in a context where the length of the employment relationship is endogenous. In our three-stage gift-exchange experiment, the employer can express respect by giving the employee costly symbolic rewards after observing his level of effort. This experiment sheds light on the extent to which symbolic rewards are used, how they affect employees’ further effort, the duration of relationships, and the profits of employers. Furthermore, we study whether employers’ decisions to give symbolic rewards are driven by strategic considerations, by manipulating the bargaining power of employers and employees. We find that employers make use of symbolic rewards and chiefly to express their satisfaction with the employee. Indeed, symbolic rewards are more frequently used when there is excess supply of labor in the market while they are used in almost the same proportion when the market is balanced and when there is excess demand of labor. They are associated with higher profits and increased probability of continuing employment relationships. Overall, however, the opportunity of expressing respect does not improve efficiency compared with an environment in which it does not exist, possibly due to a crowding-out of extrinsic incentives by the availability of non-monetary incentives.","PeriodicalId":170522,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other European Economics: Labor & Social Conditions (Topic)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126186817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Employability and the ICT Worker: A Study of Employees in Scottish Small Businesses","authors":"Abigail Marks, T. Huzzard","doi":"10.1111/j.1468-005X.2010.00246.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-005X.2010.00246.x","url":null,"abstract":"This article reports on the changing nature of employment and employability for high-tech workers in Scotland over the last decade. A somewhat stagnated industry has led to extrinsic rewards such as a good work–life balance, being prioritised over creative work and skills development. The sector is now dominated by small, specialist organisations providing limited training for the few remaining graduates.","PeriodicalId":170522,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other European Economics: Labor & Social Conditions (Topic)","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126908372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Does Immigration Affect Native Internal Mobility? New Evidence from Italy","authors":"S. Mocetti, Carmine Porello","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1670043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1670043","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the relationship between native internal mobility and immigration in Italy, in order to gain a better understanding of the impact of immigration on local labour markets and to gauge the consequences for the socio-demographic composition of the local population. Native mobility is examined both with respect to residential displacements across regions and the demographic evolution of local labour markets. Endogeneity issues related to immigrant geographical distribution are addressed using proximity to i?½gatewaysi?½ as the instrumental variable. We find that immigration is positively associated with inflows of highly-educated natives, suggesting the existence of potential complementarities. The impact is concentrated among young adults and is higher in more urbanized areas. We also find a displacement of low-educated natives; in particular, immigrant concentration in the northern regions has partially substituted the traditional South-North mobility of less-skilled natives.","PeriodicalId":170522,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other European Economics: Labor & Social Conditions (Topic)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129813858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Who Feels Constrained by High Debt Burdens? Subjective vs. Objective Measures of Household Indebtedness","authors":"Matthias Keese","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1592417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1592417","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzes differences in self-assessed debt burdens of German households confronted with an objective debt burden. Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel, my econometric analysis shows that a household's subjective debt burden is not only influenced by the current constellation of income, debt service and, possibly, the potential subsistence level, but also by expectations of the personal and overall socio-economic environment in the future (especially unemployment), as well as by further undetermined (and possibly non-financial) factors. Confronted with a certain ratio of consumer debt repayments and income, women perceive significantly higher subjective debt burdens. Unemployment is associated with drastically higher self-assessed debt burdens even when controlling for the overall financial situation of the household. Furthermore, some discrepancies between East and West Germans are detectable. Only some differences in the subjective perception of objective debt burdens can be explained with personal traits (such as risk attitudes) and life satisfaction. I draw the following conclusions: First, self-assessed debt burdens contain information beyond the current economic situation, e.g., expectations on future incomes. Second, relying on subjective debt statements may lead to biased results for policy analysis if the researcher does not account for non-financial factors.","PeriodicalId":170522,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other European Economics: Labor & Social Conditions (Topic)","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133983921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Old Europe Ages: Reforms and Reform Backlashes","authors":"A. Börsch-Supan, A. Ludwig","doi":"10.3386/W15744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/W15744","url":null,"abstract":"The extent of the demographic changes in Europe is dramatic and will deeply affect future labor, financial and goods markets. The expected strain on public budgets and especially social security has already received prominent attention, but aging poses many other economic challenges that threaten growth and living standards if they remain unaddressed. This paper focuses on three large Continental European countries: France, Germany, and Italy. These countries have large pay-as-you-go pension systems and vulnerable labor markets. At the same time, they show remarkable resistance against pension and labor market reform. While there is no shortage of reform proposals to address population aging, most of those focused on pension and labor market reform, little is known about behavioral reactions to such reforms. This paper therefore sheds light on the potential benefits of pension and labor market reform for growth and living standards, taking into account behavioral reactions to specific reforms. Which behavioral reactions will strengthen, which will weaken reform policies? Can Old Europe maintain its standard of living even if behavioral reactions offset some of the current reform efforts?","PeriodicalId":170522,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other European Economics: Labor & Social Conditions (Topic)","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133029884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"At Whose Service? Subsidizing Services and the Skill Premium","authors":"B. Groezen, L. Meijdam","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1534607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1534607","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we investigate the effects of subsidizing low-skilled, labourintensive services hired by high-skilled individuals in the presence of labour income taxation. Whether such a subsidy can be Paretoimproving depends crucially on the degree of substitutability of both types of labour in the non-service sector. In case of some substitutability, a service subsidy can benefit all and decrease inequality, but in case of complementarity, low-skilled individuals benefit and high-skilled individuals are worse off.","PeriodicalId":170522,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other European Economics: Labor & Social Conditions (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114102061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Flexicurity Policy - Case Study for Romania","authors":"C. Vasilica, Luise Mladen","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1483061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1483061","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, European countries have faced a number of challenges like, for example, the technological change, the acceleration of globalisation, the considerable ageing of European societies. In this context, a more flexible labour market combined with satisfactory levels of security is necessary to meet the needs of both employers and employees. “Flexicurity” could be the right solution. Flexicurity has to be seen as an integrated strategy that employs political choices between various aspects of flexibility and security. An optimal balance between the two dimensions differs a lot between countries and each country has to choose its best combination. In Romania, the concept of flexicurity was included for the first time in the National Reforms Programme - Lisbon Strategy 2006. In our paper we have calculated the index of EPL strictness using the provisions at the date the new Labour Code came into force and after the successive amendments of the law. Also we have tried to analyse all four of the policy components - flexibility of the labour law, lifelong learning policies, active labour market policies and social security system - in an integrated manner.","PeriodicalId":170522,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other European Economics: Labor & Social Conditions (Topic)","volume":"188 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116418765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time and Income Poverty: An Interdependent Multidimensional Poverty Approach with German Time Use Diary Data","authors":"J. Merz, Tim Rathjen","doi":"10.1111/roiw.12117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/roiw.12117","url":null,"abstract":"Income as the traditional one dimensional measure in well-being and poverty analyses is extended in recent studies by a multidimensional poverty concept. Though this is certainly a progress, however, two important aspects are missing: time as an important dimension and the interdependence of the often only separately counted multiple poverty dimensions. Our paper will contribute to both aspects: First, we consider time – and income – both as striking and restricting resources of everyday activities and hence account for time and income as important multiple poverty dimensions. Second, the interdependence of the poverty dimensions will be evaluated by the German population to allow an advanced approach to understand possible substitution effects and the respective trade offs between the dimensions. Referring to the time dimension, we follow Sen's capability approach with its freedom of the living conditions' choice and social exclusion and argue, that restricted time might exclude from social participation. In particular, restricted genuine, personal leisure time (not entire leisure time) in particular is associated with a restricted social participation. The crucial question then is how to measure the substitution between income and such genuine leisure time. In our analysis we consider the country population’s valuation with data from the German Socio-Economic Panel and estimate the substitution by a CES-utility function of general utility/satisfaction. Given this quantification we disentangle time, income and interdependent multidimensional poverty regimes characterising the working poor. In addition, we quantify further socio-economic influences for each interdependent multidimensional poverty regime by a multinomial logit based on time use diary data of the German Time Use Study 2001/02. One striking result for Germany: the substitution between time and income is significant and we find an important fraction of time poor who are unable to substitute their time deficit by income. These poor people are ignored within the poverty and well-being as well as the time crunch and time famine discussion so far.","PeriodicalId":170522,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other European Economics: Labor & Social Conditions (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129226399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}