Journal of Seismology最新文献

{"title":"Are the Italian microzonation level 2 abacuses applicable in the Friuli Venezia Giulia (Italy) plain? Comparison between the national abacuses and the numerically simulated amplification factors and between the derived elastic response spectra","authors":"Veronica Pazzi,&nbsp;Chantal Beltrame,&nbsp;Perla Taverna,&nbsp;Gabriele Peressi,&nbsp;Giovanni Costa","doi":"10.1007/s10950-024-10212-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10950-024-10212-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Seismic shaking of an area is strongly affected by the local geology. The so-called local site effects must be considered for the estimation of seismic effects on structures and urban planning. Thus, the seismic microzonation is the process aimed at identifying and mapping the subsoil local response in a given area, usually at urban/municipality scale and in terms of ground shaking parameters and susceptibility to ground instabilities. In Italy, for areas that can be schematised as a 1D subsoil model (e.g. alluvial plain), a simplified approach is proposed to quantify the seismic amplification (amplification factor, AF). This approach consists of tables of correspondences, called seismic abacuses, available for the whole national area as well as for some regional territories, and derived for simplified subsoil models. In this work, the results of the comparison between the AF values retrieved from national abacuses applied in the Friuli Venezia Giulia (Italy) plain municipalities and those from 1D numerical simulations are presented. In general, the abacuses underestimate the local seismic site effects a part for sites with a shallow bedrock. No correlations/trends were identified between the AF derived from abacuses and those from numerical simulations. Moreover, considering the elastic acceleration response spectra, it emerges that in the 49.5% of the FVG analysed sites the abacuses approach, even though it underestimates the real seismic response, is a more suitable approximation compared to the soil class simplified approach proposed by the Italian regulation. Finally, what emerges is that the limit of 30 m, as indicated in the Italian regulation, to consider a deep or shallow bedrock seams underestimated, and the AFs are not correlated with the seismic bedrock depth when it is higher than 100 m.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16994,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Seismology","volume":"28 2","pages":"281 - 301"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10950-024-10212-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140312307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning-based ground motion models for predicting PSAs of borehole motions in Japan","authors":"Sinhang Kang,&nbsp;Eunbi Mun,&nbsp;Dung Tran Thi Phuong,&nbsp;Byungmin Kim","doi":"10.1007/s10950-024-10203-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10950-024-10203-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Numerous ground-motion models (GMMs) that predict the intensities of surface ground motions have been previously developed based on regression analysis (RA). This study develops GMMs to estimate 5% damped pseudo-spectral accelerations (PSAs) for 30 periods (0.01–7.0 s) for within-rock ground motions, based on machine learning (ML) methods (i.e., two ensemble methods (random forest (RF) and gradient boosting (GB)) and an artificial neural network (ANN)). GMMs are developed separately for four earthquake types (main and aftershocks of active crustal region events and those of subduction zone interface events), considering the differences in the characteristics of each earthquake type. We utilize 20,041 ground motions recorded at 575 borehole stations in Japan during 602 earthquakes with moment magnitudes greater than 5.0 and rupture distances shorter than 300 km. The prediction performances of GMMs based on RF, GB, ANN, and RA are evaluated by the standard deviations of the total, between-event, and within-event residuals. The GMMs based on the three ML methods (RF, GB, and ANN) perform better than the RA-based models. The RF-based GMMs resulted in the most accurate prediction of the PSAs of within-rock ground motions with a small bias and variance, which can enhance the seismic designs and seismic hazard assessments for underground structures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16994,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Seismology","volume":"28 2","pages":"491 - 518"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140312453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The self-organized criticality and periodicity of temporal sequences of earthquakes","authors":"Yoshiaki Ida","doi":"10.1007/s10950-024-10209-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10950-024-10209-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A new cellular automaton model is developed to examine the nature of temporal sequences of earthquakes. The model takes the space dependence of fault strength into account and assumes that an earthquake produces a continuous area with the stress dropped to zero. In the model, viscous slip is also introduced on the fault and earthquakes are realizable only when the stress accumulates faster than the viscous relaxation. The analysis reveals that the sequences of earthquakes generally satisfy the power law relation between the intensity and frequency of earthquakes so that earthquakes may be in the state of self-organized criticality. On the other hand, periodicity appears in some sequences that consist of the groups of high seismic activity repeated between calm intervals with an almost constant period. Therefore, self-organized criticality and periodicity coexist in these sequences and the claim that earthquakes are unpredictable because of self-organized criticality may be inadequate.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16994,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Seismology","volume":"28 2","pages":"403 - 416"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140201531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic site classification based on H/V spectral ratio from strong ground motion records: the urban areas of Bursa province","authors":"Kaan Hakan Coban","doi":"10.1007/s10950-024-10206-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10950-024-10206-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>It is known that the site classifications are closely related to the damages caused by earthquakes in areas with increased seismic hazard. Additionally, another important parameter utilized to identify the damage is the Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) value. While measurements and the GMPE are utilized to identify PGA values, site classification is usually conducted by using the Vs30 value. This study aims to identify the site classifications for Bursa province by using a different approach, namely, the H/V spectral ratio method based on the dominant periods. In this regard, 205 records belonging to 82 earthquakes recorded by 41 strong ground motion stations located in Bursa province were utilized. A mean H/V spectral ratio curve was developed for each station based on the Fourier and response spectra of these earthquake records. Generally, double or multiple peaks resulting from the site structure were observed in the H/V curves. Furthermore, for the station locations, the evaluations were conducted in accordance with the site classifications per the dominant period as it is suggested in the literature. The stations were identified as all of the site classifications suggested by (Zhao et al. Bull Seismol Soc Am 96:914–925, 2006), as SC-1, 2, 3 and 5 suggested by (Fukushima et al. J Earthquake Eng 11:712–724, 2007) and as CL I, II, III, IV and VII suggested by (Di Alessandro et al. Bull Seismol Soc Am 102:680–695, 2012). Additionally, various Spectral Acceleration estimations were made with different GMPE equations for scenario earthquakes, and the results were compared with the design spectra suggested by the Turkish Building Earthquake Code (TBEC 2018). As a result of the study, the H/V spectral curves were generated according to both Fourier and response spectra; using a great number of earthquake data, the hazard was assessed by the soil dominant period-based for the first time in Bursa province.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16994,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Seismology","volume":"28 2","pages":"321 - 344"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140155958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acknowledgement of Reviewers for 2023","authors":"Mariano García-Fernández","doi":"10.1007/s10950-024-10202-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10950-024-10202-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16994,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Seismology","volume":"28 1","pages":"251 - 253"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142411470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of earthquake source complexity on frequency-dependent radiation patterns by modifying distance-dependent properties","authors":"Hongpeng Zhao,&nbsp;Dengke He,&nbsp;Jiulong Cheng","doi":"10.1007/s10950-024-10200-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10950-024-10200-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The double-couple model of the earthquake source has been proven remarkably successful in explaining the radiation pattern in the low-frequency wavefield. However, the radiation pattern is distorted in the high-frequency wavefield. The frequency dependence of the radiation pattern is often interpreted as the path effects. The impact of earthquake sources on radiation patterns is uncertain. In our study, based on the fact that <i>P</i> waves vibrate along the radial direction and <i>S</i> waves vibrate along the transverse direction, the path effects modified model of radiation pattern is proposed based on the optimal ratio coefficient by measuring radial-to-transverse spectral ratios at multiple frequency ranges. Then, we found that the correlation coefficient decreases with the increase of frequency but remains stable with the increase of distance. This means the complexity of the earthquake source can distort the wavefield at higher frequencies and drive variability in the ground motion.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16994,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Seismology","volume":"28 2","pages":"387 - 401"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140099074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The 2022 Goesan earthquake of the moment magnitude 3.8 along the buried fault in the central Korean Peninsula","authors":"Hobin Lim,&nbsp;Chang Soo Cho,&nbsp;Minkyung Son","doi":"10.1007/s10950-024-10201-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10950-024-10201-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>On October 28, 2022, a moment magnitude (Mw) 3.8 earthquake occurred in Goesan, South Korea, typically characterized as a stable continental region. Herein, we analyze 42 earthquakes, including the Mw 3.8 earthquake, the largest foreshock (Mw 3.3), which preceded the mainshock by 17 s, and the largest aftershock (Mw 2.9). The primary aim of this study is to identify interactions among the seismic events. To this end, we utilized the permanent seismic networks with the closest station at 8.3 km from the epicenter, and the temporary network deployed eight hours after the mainshock’s occurrence. Relocation results delineate that the mainshock occurred at the southeastern tip of the hypocenter distribution of three foreshocks, trending west-northwest–east-southeast. The aftershocks form an overall spatially diffused seismic pattern that propagates toward both ends of the inferred lineament in the downdip direction. The rupture directivity of the mainshock, along with waveform similarity across the mainshock and foreshocks, confirms the inferred geometry, corresponding well with the focal mechanisms of the mainshock and the largest foreshock. We demonstrate that the change in Coulomb failure stress (ΔCFS) by the largest foreshock was positive where the mainshock occurred and that the mainshock generated ΔCFS capable of triggering the propagation of the aftershocks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16994,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Seismology","volume":"28 2","pages":"519 - 534"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10950-024-10201-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140044959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic magnitude homogenization by unified regression method and its effect on seismicity parameters","authors":"Rohit Singh Patel,&nbsp;Ajay Kumar Sinha","doi":"10.1007/s10950-024-10197-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10950-024-10197-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A homogeneous earthquake catalogue is necessary to conduct a thorough seismological investigation and improve seismic hazard assessment. Therefore, the present study intends to determine the influence of magnitude homogenization based on different regression methods on the seismicity parameters. The earthquake catalog of the Bihar, India region has been used for the study. An events data catalogue consisting of 4001 events has been compiled over the period 1911–2023. The data is primarily sourced from international and local databases have been assembled to provide a comprehensive overview of seismic activity within the study area. Empirical relationships have been derived between moment magnitude and commonly used local and global magnitude scales by performing non-linear regressions using chi-square regression method (CSQ) and ordinary least-square regression method (OLS). Measurement error for both dependent and independent variables of various data sets was calculated for the CSQ process. In order to address the non-linear nature of the correlations, we used curvilinear models, namely, the exponential model (EXP), which was recently introduced by the authors of the global catalogue supported by the global earthquake model (GEM) foundation. The use of CSQ method reduces the bias created by OLS method for defining the nonlinearity of the relationship. Seismicity parameters, including the magnitude of completeness (<i>M</i>_<i>c</i>) and <i>a</i> and <i>b</i> values of the Gutenberg-Richter recurrence model, have been calculated for homogenised undeclustered and declustered catalogue spanning five specific time periods. Declustering has been performed to isolate the foreshocks and aftershocks from the mainshocks. The observed changes in the <i>M</i>_<i>c</i> and <i>b</i> values are found to be dependent on the introduction of more recent data over time. The study area has been divided into eight seismogenic zones based on the geographic variations in earthquake occurrence and the prevailing tectonic conditions. The estimation of <i>M</i>_<i>c</i>, <i>b</i>, and <i>a</i> values has been conducted for each zone, and the analysis has been performed to examine the variations in these parameters. Derived equations serve as valuable tools for assessing and analysing seismic hazards in the north India and the central Himalayas region.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16994,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Seismology","volume":"28 2","pages":"417 - 437"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140008184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of trends in the Tancítaro-Parícutin seismic swarm sequence through fractal characteristics of inter-event times","authors":"A. T. Mendoza-Rosas,&nbsp;C. A. Juárez-Valle,&nbsp;A. Figueroa-Soto,&nbsp;P. Corona-Chávez,&nbsp;D. A. Gómez-Calderón,&nbsp;A. Mendoza-Ponce","doi":"10.1007/s10950-024-10198-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10950-024-10198-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Seismic swarms in a volcanic field can be indicators of the movements of volcanic activity and stagnant magma in the Earth’s crust. In the Tancítaro-Parícutin volcanic region, to the west of the Michoacán-Guanajuato volcanic field in Mexico, at least six seismic swarms have occurred in the last 25 years. However, greater precision is still required due to the distance between and non-permanence of the seismic stations. We used data from a broadband station of the Earth Sciences Research Institute (INICIT-UMSNH) and records from Mexican National Seismological Service (SSN), Center for Geosciences (UNAM) and Mexican National Center for Prevention of Disasters (CENAPRED) to relocate and obtain focal mechanisms for four selected seismic events. We applied the fractal methodology to analyze the inter-event times of the seismic swarm sequences. Two well-defined swarm sequences were identified, and, subsequently, the fractal behavior of the logarithm of inter-event times was analyzed by means of the Hurst and Holder exponent. Our goal was the identification of the different dynamical stages acting during the seismic swarm generation processes, that seem to be related to the stress transfer in different seismogenic faults. By means of the <i>b</i>-values and the temporal evolution of the Hurst exponent, at least five different stages can be distinguished during the Tancítaro-Parícutin seismic swarms. These stages appear to be determined by dynamic changes in the seismic sequence, also indicated by the focal mechanisms whose fits with faults that were apparently activated during the seismic swarm. The Tancítaro-Parícutin seismic swarm processes indeed show multi-fractal behavior, which may be related to different stages in the diffusion process.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16994,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Seismology","volume":"28 2","pages":"373 - 386"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140008395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crustal structure of Khorasan, NE Iran, using Rayleigh wave tomography","authors":"Maryam Rezaei Moghadam,&nbsp;Taghi Shirzad,&nbsp;Mohsen Kazemnia,&nbsp;Irfan Ullah","doi":"10.1007/s10950-024-10199-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10950-024-10199-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The tomography results reveal not only distinct velocity structures in different tectonic zones but can also provide valuable insights into the geological features of the area. This study presents the results of 2D Rayleigh wave tomographic maps obtained in NE Iran. For this purpose, we used the recorded waveforms of more than 500 earthquakes with M &gt; 4 that occurred between January 2000 and October 2020 at 165 stations. The calculated tomographic maps cover a period range of 3 to 36 s, providing the 3D V_S model to analyze crustal structure at depths ranging from 2 to 30 km. At shorter periods, the tomographic maps are primarily influenced by sediment thickness, with the presence of thick sediment layers (~ 10 km) responsible for the observed low V_S anomalies (&lt; 3.1 km/s) in the study area. At longer periods, the tomographic maps highlight the structural characteristics of the middle-lower crustal layers and, somewhere, the depth variations of the Moho discontinuity. The V_S model also confirms the correlation between tectonic fractures and known faults in the study area as boundaries of seismotectonic provinces. Moreover, a distinct area was observed beneath the Binalud foreland, which we interpreted as a suture zone, as suggested by previous studies. The reliability of the resolved anomalies was supported through a series of tests, including checkerboard and earthquake location uncertainties. These tests demonstrated the robustness of the results and provided confidence in the accuracy of the findings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16994,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Seismology","volume":"28 2","pages":"459 - 476"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140008366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}