Nova Heryandoko, Andri Dian Nugraha, Zulfakriza Zulfakriza, Shindy Rosalia, Tedi Yudistira, Supriyanto Rohadi, Daryono Daryono, Sri Widiyantoro
{"title":"Crustal thickness variation of Kalimantan and Sulawesi Region from Teleseismic receiver function","authors":"Nova Heryandoko, Andri Dian Nugraha, Zulfakriza Zulfakriza, Shindy Rosalia, Tedi Yudistira, Supriyanto Rohadi, Daryono Daryono, Sri Widiyantoro","doi":"10.1007/s10950-024-10220-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10950-024-10220-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Kalimantan and Sulawesi are located within the complex tectonic setting of central Indonesia. The tectonic evolution process during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic led to the formation of this region. Studies of Moho depth variation beneath this region are still limited due to the lack of local to regional scale seismic stations covering the entire Kalimantan and Sulawesi region. The availability of seismic data has doubled and tripled recently, here, we conduct receiver function study using reliable dense seismic data from BMKG seismic network (IA) to obtain more detail Moho depth variation in Kalimatan and Sulawesi. We analyzed P–waveforms recorded at 60 seismic stations of BMKG seismic network (IA) distributed in Kalimantan and Sulawesi from more than 150 earthquakes with M ≥ 6 distributed within the epicentral distance range of 30<sup>o</sup> – 90<sup>o</sup>. The receiver function signals of each seismic station were computed using the iterative time-domain deconvolution method, then the Moho depths and bulk composition (Vp/Vs ratio) were computed using the modified <i>H</i>-<i>κ</i> stacking method which consider the sediment thickness. Our results show that the crustal thickness in Kalimantan varies from ~25 to ~37 km and Vp/Vs ratio varies from ~1.61 to ~1.96, which reflect a characteristic of stable Mesozoic-Cenozoic regions, while Sulawesi is observed within broad thickness range of ~22 – 50 km and Vp/Vs ratio of ~1.56 – 1.97. The extremely thick crust in Sulawesi reflects the rapid uplift and exhumation zones achieved by tectonic process sequences that had been occurred in this region.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16994,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Seismology","volume":"28 3","pages":"879 - 898"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141112277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marjan Tourani, Veysel Isik, Reza Saber, Ayse Caglayan, Florina Chitea
{"title":"Evaluation of seismicity and seismotectonics in the Alborz Mountains: insights from seismic parameters, Northern Iran","authors":"Marjan Tourani, Veysel Isik, Reza Saber, Ayse Caglayan, Florina Chitea","doi":"10.1007/s10950-024-10218-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10950-024-10218-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Alborz Mountains are among the areas exhibiting high tectonic and seismic activity in northern Iran. Studying key parameters of tectonic structures, including quantitative analysis and observational studies, in such active regions is essential to identify potential active faults and assess the consequent seismic hazards. This study focuses on seismicity and seismotectonics by analyzing seismic parameters, including <i>b</i>-value, mean seismic activity rate, earthquake recurrence time, seismic moment, and fractal dimension derived from micro and teleseismic data. The <i>b</i>-values vary between 0.6 and 1.1 in the tectonically active parts of the study area, corresponding with the reverse/thrust and strike-slip active faults. Large earthquakes might be prone to occur at 10–25 km depth because both catalogues show low <i>b</i>-values (<i>b</i> < 1.0) concentrations at this depth range. The high fractal dimension (> 1.5), high seismic activity rate, large seismic moment parameters, and its continuously increasing trend. Short recurrence periods (20–50 years) of <i>M</i> 6.5 events also emphasize the high seismic activity and high seismic hazard. On the other hand, the prevalence of low <i>b</i>-values is notably observed in areas encompassing densely populated cities such as Rasht, Lahijan, Amol, Babol, Sari, Behshahr, Gorgan, and the megacity of Tehran. Furthermore, we have identified asperities where the Gorgan Plain, the Khazar, and the Alamutrud Fault Zones are located. These findings emphasize the seismic hazard potential in the identified areas and urban centers within the study area. Therefore, particular attention should be directed towards areas exhibiting low <i>b</i>-values when assessing and mitigating seismic hazards. It underscores the necessity for additional focus on seismic hazard assessment and implementation of mitigation strategies in the Alborz region.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16994,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Seismology","volume":"28 3","pages":"675 - 706"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141063557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ali Ramthan, Wathiq Abdulnaby, Najah Abd, Hanan Mahdi, Haydar Al-Shukri
{"title":"Fault Source of Seismicity in Al-Refaei District, Southern Iraq","authors":"Ali Ramthan, Wathiq Abdulnaby, Najah Abd, Hanan Mahdi, Haydar Al-Shukri","doi":"10.1007/s10950-024-10217-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10950-024-10217-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Over the past two decades, the Al-Refaei district, a substantial town located in the Thi-Qar governorate in southern Iraq, has been subjected to numerous small to moderate-size earthquakes. A network of seven short-period seismic stations was installed in the Al-Refaei district to monitor seismic activity, a project that was initiated in 2014 and continued until 2018. The short-period seismic stations supplement the broadband seismic stations of the Mesopotamian Seismological Network (MPSN), which also serves this area. During the monitoring period, more than 56 earthquakes were recorded, of which 31 were detected by the short-period seismic stations and not reported by any other local or international seismic observatories. Data from the short-period and broadband seismic stations were analyzed using Geiger’s least-squares method to determine accurate locations. The relocated earthquakes delineate a possible fault source with a northwest-southeast trend. The possible fault is not related to any known or previously studied fault. 3D seismic data of the area were evaluated and further supported the interpretation of a northwest-southeast trending fault, named the Al-Refaei fault. Integration of the seismological and 3D seismic data suggests that the Al-Refaei fault is a reverse fault with a S62˚E strike direction and a 43˚ dip angle. The strike and dip of the Al-Refaei fault were calculated from the analysis of the 3D seismic data. The reverse style of faulting was derived from the composite first motion method using the seismic station records of the short-period network.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16994,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Seismology","volume":"28 3","pages":"657 - 674"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140883219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Intensity Prediction Equations for Himalaya and its sub-regions based on data from traditional sources and USGS’s Did You Feel It? (DYFI)","authors":"P. Anbazhagan, Harish Thakur","doi":"10.1007/s10950-024-10214-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10950-024-10214-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study has developed Intensity Prediction Equations (IPEs) for the Himalayas and its sub-regions (divided into North-West Himalaya, Central Himalaya, and North-East Himalaya). For this purpose, intensity data reported in previous studies using traditional methods (like field surveys, media reports, and newspapers) and internet-based questionnaires (such as USGS’s Did You Feel It? or DYFI) were used to catalogue two separate intensity datasets. Intensities of traditional datasets were also reassessed for some earthquake events by different studies in the different scales of assignment, which was homogenized for the same intensity scale. IPEs are derived for both datasets separately using a two-stage and one-stage regression technique. These IPEs are developed for a first- and second-order relation with respect to earthquake magnitude. A “maximum intensity vs. magnitude approximation of the IPE” approach relying on an optimal hypocentral depth has also been proposed to select the best-suited IPEs. The information-theoretic approach-based Log-likelihood method (Scherbaum et al. 2009) has been used to check and compare developed IPE performance for events not used for IPE development. These newly developed equations can be used to assess the damage potential of future earthquakes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16994,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Seismology","volume":"28 3","pages":"707 - 734"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140804929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Steve Oates, Jelena Schmitz, Brian Zurek, Thomas Piesold, Ewoud van Dedem
{"title":"Empirical Green’s function analysis of some induced earthquake pairs from the Groningen gas field","authors":"Steve Oates, Jelena Schmitz, Brian Zurek, Thomas Piesold, Ewoud van Dedem","doi":"10.1007/s10950-024-10204-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10950-024-10204-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We have applied the empirical Green’s function (EGF) method to 53 pairs of earthquakes, with magnitudes ranging from <i>M</i> = 0.4 to <i>M</i> = 3.4, induced by gas production from the Groningen field in the Netherlands. For a subset of the events processed, we find that the relative source time functions obtained by the EGF deconvolution show clear indications of a horizontal component of rupture propagation. The earthquake monitoring network used has dense azimuthal coverage for nearly all events such that wavelet duration times can be picked as a function of source-station azimuth and inverted using the usual Doppler broadening model to estimate rupture propagation strike, distance, and velocity. Average slip velocities have also been estimated and found to be in agreement with typical published values. We have used synthetic data, from both a simple convolutional model of the seismogram and more sophisticated finite difference rupture simulations, to validate our data processing workflow and develop kinematic models which can explain the observed characteristics of the field data. Using a measure based on the L1-norm to discriminate results of differing quality, we find that the highest quality results show very good alignment of the rupture propagation with directions of the detailed fault map, obtained from the full-field 3D seismic data. The dip direction rupture extents were estimated from the horizontal rupture propagation distances and catalogue magnitudes showing that, for all but the largest magnitude event (the <i>M</i> = 3.4 event of 8th January 2018), the dip-direction extent is sufficiently small to be contained wholly within the reservoir.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16994,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Seismology","volume":"28 3","pages":"579 - 613"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10950-024-10204-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140584915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Correction: The 2022–2023 seismic sequence onshore South Evia, central Greece: evidence for activation of a left-lateral strike-slip fault and regional triggering of seismicity","authors":"Anna Serpetsidaki, Athanassios Ganas","doi":"10.1007/s10950-024-10215-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10950-024-10215-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16994,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Seismology","volume":"28 2","pages":"279 - 279"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10950-024-10215-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140711507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hypocenter uncertainty analysis of induced and tectonic earthquakes in the Netherlands","authors":"Jesper Spetzler, Elmer Ruigrok, Dagmar Bouwman","doi":"10.1007/s10950-024-10205-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10950-024-10205-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Induced earthquakes tend to be shallow, while tectonic events often occur in deeper parts of the Earth. A well-estimated hypocenter with uncertainties may help to evaluate whether an event is of an induced or tectonic origin. In this study, we focus on the development of a hypocenter method that helps to better define the source location of an earthquake and reduce the spatial error of the measurement. The hypocenter and the uncertainty is obtained by using the P- and S-wave phase time difference for a station and the P-wave traveltime differences between pairs of stations simultaneously in the hypocenter analysis. The uncertainty inherent to an imperfect reference velocity model, modelling, instrumental inaccuracy and phase time picking is propagated into the spacial hypocenter solution. A refined hypocenter methodology is successfully tested in a synthetic experiment with shallow (<span>(sim )</span> 5 km), intermediate (<span>(sim )</span> 10 km) and deep source points (<span>(sim )</span> 15 km). The synthetic experiment indeed shows that it is possible to separate earthquakes by their depth solution, hence offering an indication that the event is either induced or tectonic. Case studies are presented of estimations of hypocenters and error ellipses for (1) induced seismicity at sites for gas storage in salt domes, geothermal production and gas extraction as well as (2) tectonic events.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16994,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Seismology","volume":"28 3","pages":"555 - 577"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140584986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wen Peng, Dongwang Tao, Qiang Ma, Quancai Xie, Jiang Wang
{"title":"Clipped seismic record recovery analysis based on the cubic spline interpolation algorithm","authors":"Wen Peng, Dongwang Tao, Qiang Ma, Quancai Xie, Jiang Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10950-024-10207-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10950-024-10207-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The clipping of near-field seismic waveforms caused by instrument limitations results in the waste of lots of waveforms and hinders the effective advancement of seismic research projects like source parameter inversion, near-fault ground motion characteristics, and earthquake early warning (EEW). In this paper, we propose to use the cubic spline interpolation method to restore the clipping waveform to solve the near-field data loss. We evaluate the recoverability of seismic waveforms with different clipped levels through artificial clipping experiments and compare the recovery waveforms with the projection onto convex sets (POCS) method. The results show that the restoration deviation of the cubic spline interpolation method is less than 1% at the clipped point, for the records whose clipped amplitude does not exceed 50% of the peak. In addition, the restored phase feature of the cubic spline interpolation is closer to the real waveform than the POCS method. To verify the performance of this method in the realistic earthquake, we apply it to the Barkam <i>M</i><sub>w</sub> 5.9 earthquake. The results show that the peak ratio of the restored clipping records to the measured non-clipping records is close to 1, and the relative error of the response spectrum is less than 0.1. Finally, we apply this method to successfully restore about 60% of near-field clipped records from the 2022 Lushan <i>M</i><sub>w</sub> 5.8 earthquake, which provided more data support for the study of the near-field ground motion.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16994,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Seismology","volume":"28 3","pages":"843 - 857"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140602261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. N. Antonovskaya, N. K. Kapustian, Ya V. Konechnaya, E. R. Morozova
{"title":"Glacial and seismic events investigation from a single-station record at Severnaya Zemlya archipelago (Arctic region)","authors":"G. N. Antonovskaya, N. K. Kapustian, Ya V. Konechnaya, E. R. Morozova","doi":"10.1007/s10950-024-10208-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10950-024-10208-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The new permanent seismic station SVZ started working in Arctic (Severnaya Zemlya archipelago, Bolshevik Island), we discuss the first results of the local seismicity study. We have processed 46 local seismic events for 2017–2022. Data processing using a single seismic sensor is difficult, but using waveforms and spectral-temporal analysis of P, S, and surface waves, it is possible to separate shallow earthquakes from glacial events. We distinguish two types of icequakes—glacier-related events and pulses. An increase in seismic background noise is related to processes of glacial nature in summertime. Data processing allows to obtain the main peculiarities of local seismicity, i.e., mutual connection of glacial processes and crustal seismicity. We show the presence of icequakes induced by local crustal events; their epicenters confined to the ice domes edges. Spatio-temporal sequence and the rate of events migration show that the glacial events are a result of the defusing deformations process in the glaciers caused by the impact of shallow tectonic earthquakes. Thousands of pulsed and high-frequency micro-oscillations associate with the sea ice sheet or lake ice. The temporal variation of events’ number and energy per day correlates with air temperature temporal variations. Moreover, there is a sharp increase in the number of pulses with sharp temperature changes. The greatest activity of this pulsed events is in winter and especially in March, connected with ice surface destruction. In case a network deployment is not feasible, even a single seismic station allows to get a useful information about the glacial and seismic processes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16994,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Seismology","volume":"28 3","pages":"615 - 633"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140602125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Site class based seismic magnitude prediction equations for earthquake early warning","authors":"A. Mugesh, Aniket Desai, Ravi S. Jakka, Kamal","doi":"10.1007/s10950-024-10213-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10950-024-10213-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Although earthquake early warning (EEW) systems have advanced significantly, accurately determining earthquake parameters from the initial 3 s of P-wave motion remains challenging. Factors such as the complexity of the earthquake source and variability of ground motion due to site conditions contribute to this difficulty. This article aims to investigate how local site conditions impact the correlation between EEW parameters and earthquake magnitude, to better understand the influence of site conditions on the accuracy of EEW systems. Specifically, the study examines the effect of variation site conditions on commonly used EEW parameters, such as average characteristic period (<i>τ</i><sub><i>c</i></sub>) and peak displacement amplitude (<i>P</i><sub><i>d</i></sub>), for different site classes. A dataset of 432 strong-motion records with magnitude ranging from 5 to 7.3 was analyzed and site characterization information from the Kiban Kyoshin Network (KiK-net) in Japan was used. A linear relationship between EEW parameters (<i>τ</i><sub><i>c</i></sub>, <i>P</i><sub><i>d</i></sub>) and magnitude for the combined dataset (all data), as well as separate datasets based on site classes C (very dense soil and soft rock) and D (stiff soil site), was developed, and then the statistical parameters, correlation coefficient value (<i>R</i>), and standard deviation error (SD) in the linear regression analysis were compared. The study finds that <i>τ</i><sub><i>c</i></sub> and <i>P</i><sub><i>d</i></sub> have a significant correlation with magnitude when separate correlations are developed for site classes C and D. Absolute residual error and percentage error analyses were carried out. It was found that magnitude prediction errors were reduced particularly for class D sites. Overall, the study suggests need for use of site class based magnitude prediction equations in earthquake early warning, especially for softer soil sites.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16994,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Seismology","volume":"28 3","pages":"765 - 786"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140584904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}