Journal of Saudi Chemical Society最新文献

{"title":"Nitric acid dissolution of germanium overlay in hard zinc slag to enhance germanium leaching and optimization of response surface methodology","authors":"Jie Lan,&nbsp;Ming Liang,&nbsp;Kun Yang,&nbsp;Kun Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.jscs.2024.101925","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jscs.2024.101925","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With the rapid development of global digital economy and aerospace, the gap between the supply and demand of germanium is expanding, and the establishment of a new process for the deep leaching of germanium from hard zinc slag is imminent. In this paper, on the basis of analyzing the reasons for the low germanium leaching rate from hard zinc slag, a new process of germanium leaching enhanced by HNO₃ dissolution of externally wrapped ZnFe₂O₄ is established, and response surface optimization is carried out. The PbggGe₄O₇ phase in hard zinc slag is externally wrapped with ZnFe₂O₄ phase, and the non-reaction between ZnFe₂O₄ and hydrochloric acid is the main reason for the low leaching rate of germanium from hard zinc slag, so it is necessary to add HNO₃ to dissolve the external ZnFe₂O₄ in leaching, and then use hydrochloric acid to leach the PbGe₄O₇ containing germanium in the interior. The potential pH diagram of the Pb-Ge-Cl-H₂O system was also plotted, indicating that increasing the concentration of chloride ions during hydrochloric acid leaching contributes to the generation of GeCl₄ at low acidity. When the hydrochloric acid concentration was 134.65 g/L, the liquid–solid ratio was 6, the theoretical dosage of HNO₃ was 0.3, and the leaching time was 236 min, the optimum leaching rate of germanium was 93.72%, which was 23.72% higher than that of germanium leaching from hard zinc slag.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16974,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Saudi Chemical Society","volume":"28 5","pages":"Article 101925"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319610324001200/pdfft?md5=eac238989625f6ba81d986f05853a846&pid=1-s2.0-S1319610324001200-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142130028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthetic routes for N-arylation of carbazole derivatives and their applications as organic materials","authors":"Sobia Mukhtar ,&nbsp;Ayesha Rafiq ,&nbsp;Syed Ali Raza Naqvi ,&nbsp;Sana Aslam ,&nbsp;Matloob Ahmad ,&nbsp;Sami A. Al-Hussain ,&nbsp;Magdi E.A. Zaki","doi":"10.1016/j.jscs.2024.101927","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jscs.2024.101927","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Carbazole is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound that has vast applications in pharmaceuticals, and in biological and material sciences. Carbazole derivatives show various biological activities such as antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and anti-oxidant activities <em>etc</em>. Synthesis of <em>N</em>-arylated carbazoles has become a major area of interest for scientists due to their applications in organic light-emitting diodes, dye-sensitized solar cells, and other organic electronics. The <em>N</em>-arylated carbazoles have unique properties such as high thermal stability, wide band gap, and excellent electrical and optical properties. The methods used for the <em>N</em>-arylation of carbazoles include transition metal-catalyzed reactions and metal-free reactions. The most common and classical methods for the <em>N</em>-arylation of carbazoles are copper-catalyzed Ullmann coupling reactions, while palladium, nickel, and iron catalysts are also used. This review focuses on all the synthetic methods used for the <em>N</em>-arylation of carbazoles and their applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16974,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Saudi Chemical Society","volume":"28 5","pages":"Article 101927"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319610324001224/pdfft?md5=8039eeafa4fb9e9017fa7366811f0015&pid=1-s2.0-S1319610324001224-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142097807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing hydrochar production and proprieties from biogenic waste: Merging response surface methodology and machine learning for organic pollutant remediation","authors":"Fatima Moussaoui ,&nbsp;Faiçal El Ouadrhiri ,&nbsp;Ebraheem-Abdu Musad Saleh ,&nbsp;Soukaina El Bourachdi ,&nbsp;Raed H. Althomali ,&nbsp;Asmaa F. Kassem ,&nbsp;Abderrazzak Adachi ,&nbsp;Kakul Husain ,&nbsp;Ismail Hassan ,&nbsp;Amal Lahkimi","doi":"10.1016/j.jscs.2024.101920","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jscs.2024.101920","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The valorization of biogenic waste by hydrothermal carbonization is widely discussed in research. However, to our knowledge, no study has combined almond shells and olive pomace to synthesize a solid carbon material. The purpose of this study is to enhance the hydrochar process from AS and OP using RSM methodology and machine learning models: ANN, SVM and XG-Boost. Subsequently, a study was carried out on the removal of organic pollutants by the synthesized material. The optimum Co-HTC operating conditions obtained at 180 C, 90 min with acid catalyst corresponding to 71.51 % and 87.13 % for mass yield and carbon retention rate respectively according to RSM-CCD. The comparison between RSM-CCD and ML in terms of prediction concludes that RSM remains more efficient in terms of planning and optimization. However, ANN is more suitable for modeling and predicting mass yields and carbon retention rates. Hydrochar’s physicochemical properties were evaluated by the use of spectroscopic methods like FTIR, SEM, XRD, and CHNO. To conclude, we studied the performance of HCop in methylene blue adsorption, varying the following parameters: pH, contact time, initial dye concentration, adsorbent dose and temperature. In addition, kinetic and isothermal models were studied to describe the dominant mechanisms in the MB adsorption process. The MB maximal adsorption using HCop obtained at pH 9, with an initial dye concentration of 100 mg. L⁻¹, 40-min contact time, 0.1 g/L adsorbent dose, and a temperature between 25 and 30 °C. In conclusion, these results provide important information on the use of Co-HTC to convert biogenic wastes into high-performance carbon materials for the appropriate removal of organic pollutants. More studies are needed to use the material in other fields of application.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16974,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Saudi Chemical Society","volume":"28 5","pages":"Article 101920"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319610324001157/pdfft?md5=01a75a14fc4645646ced27d92635eb45&pid=1-s2.0-S1319610324001157-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142097808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of a new reusable magnetic organocatalyst to synthesis of polyhydroquinoline derivatives as cytotoxic Agents: Synthesis and biological evaluation","authors":"Leila Amiri-Zirtol ,&nbsp;Ali Yargholi ,&nbsp;Leila Emami ,&nbsp;Zahra Karimi ,&nbsp;Soghra Khabnadideh","doi":"10.1016/j.jscs.2024.101922","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jscs.2024.101922","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>One of the most important ways to practice environmental stewardship is to turn waste materials into useful nanomaterials through ecological recycling. This work introduces a magnetic organocatalyst made from red mud waste, adding to the “greening” of global chemical processes.</p><p>The new composite (Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@(CH₂)₃@4-(2-Aminoethyl)-morpholine) is introduced and characterized by different spectroscopic methods such as fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), mapping, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and vibrating-sample magnetometers (VSM). Catalytic activity of the catalyst was evaluated in production of some polyhydroquinoline derivatives and the results showed efficiency. Nine polyhydroquinoline derivatives were synthesized <strong>(M₁-M₉)</strong> and their cytotoxic properties evaluated against two human-cancerous cell lines (Hep-G2 and SW480) by MTT assay. Most of the compounds exhibited high inhibitory activity against two studied cell lines. M₂ bearing 2-chloro substitution on phenyl ring was exhibited appropriate activity (IC₅₀ = 14.70 ± 3.11 µM) against SW480 cell line in comparison to cisplatin as positive control.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16974,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Saudi Chemical Society","volume":"28 6","pages":"Article 101922"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319610324001170/pdfft?md5=265ba793683f4d8c79222937e4cae60e&pid=1-s2.0-S1319610324001170-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142164135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in catalytic reduction of CO2 through bismuth based MOFs","authors":"Rabia Zafar ,&nbsp;Ayesha Javaid ,&nbsp;Muhammad Imran ,&nbsp;Shoomaila Latif ,&nbsp;Muhammad Naeem Khan ,&nbsp;Liviu Mitu ,&nbsp;Romică Crețu","doi":"10.1016/j.jscs.2024.101926","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jscs.2024.101926","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bismuth based MOFs have appealed much curiosity in different catalytic processes due to their remarkable properties, which include their porous structure, less toxicity, abundance and high specific surface area. With their distributed active sites and constrained reaction regions, Bi based MOFs have a bright future as catalysts for extremely focused CO₂ reduction by electrocatalysis reactions (ECO₂RR). Formic acid (HCOOH), one of the byproducts of these processes, is notable because of its high economic worth. An extensive summary of Bi-MOFs and their derivatives used in ECO₂RR and the photocatalytic reduction of CO₂ into useful compounds is given in this review. Bi-MOFs synthesis methods for both electro and photocatalyst applications are discussed, along with an analysis of their unique benefits. Interestingly, a variety of Bi-MOFs and related offshoots are highlighted, including bimetallic catalysts and Bi-based MOF-derived nanocomposites. Bi-MOFs catalysts’ catalytic efficacy is demonstrated to be closely related to the MOF structure blocks-metal ions and organic linkers as well as particular circumstances controlling their derivatization. As a result, Bi-MOFs catalysts have a wide range of functions and provide the possibility of controlling the catalytic performance. This review describes the current obstacles in this area and makes recommendations for future research paths to advance the use of Bi-MOFs as electro- and photocatalysts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16974,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Saudi Chemical Society","volume":"28 6","pages":"Article 101926"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319610324001212/pdfft?md5=6d3def79aaf5d75ea2f9b5a22abcad07&pid=1-s2.0-S1319610324001212-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142157713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of carbon aerogel from waste newspaper for adsorption of antidiabetic drug residue from aqueous system","authors":"Aynun Nahar ,&nbsp;Md. Sahadat Hossain ,&nbsp;Arup Das ,&nbsp;Md. Ahedul Akbor ,&nbsp;Umme Sarmeen Akthar ,&nbsp;Md. Sha Alam ,&nbsp;Nigar Sultana Pinky ,&nbsp;Md. Atikur Rahman ,&nbsp;Mehedi Hasan ,&nbsp;Fariha Afrose","doi":"10.1016/j.jscs.2024.101924","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jscs.2024.101924","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, the waste newspaper was utilized to prepare carbon aerogel (CA) for adsorptive removal of Metformin hydrochloride (MH) (antidiabetic drug residues) from the aqueous system. The prepared CA was characterized using Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analyser. The MH adsorption was carried out using two types of water, one was laboratory-prepared distilled water and another was real river water. Although, optimum removal around 87 % was observed at pH 3, the removal efficiency at about 63 % estimated at neutral pH. In river water experiment, slightly lower rate of adsorption about 59 % was noticed. Nearly 61 % removal was found for 120 min and then no significant adsorption was found. The pseudo-second-order kinetics and Freundlich isotherm models presented a good interpretation of the adsorption experiment data. Physio-sorption was the primary mechanism of the MH adsorption was confirmed by Temkin and D-R isotherms studies. Regeneration studies demonstrated the removal stability of CA around 32 % until five cycles. An adsorption mechanism was also proposed for the removal of metformin hydrochloride using carbon aerogel.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16974,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Saudi Chemical Society","volume":"28 5","pages":"Article 101924"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319610324001194/pdfft?md5=2578a0fefa39cff910276bc885e8cc7b&pid=1-s2.0-S1319610324001194-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142020902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation and optimization of antiscalant substances for enhanced reverse osmosis performance","authors":"Mahmoud A. Ahmed ,&nbsp;Ashraf A. Mohamed","doi":"10.1016/j.jscs.2024.101923","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jscs.2024.101923","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The advancement of reverse osmosis (RO) technology in water treatment has brought about significant purification benefits. However, the presence of scales poses obstacles to the long-term effectiveness and reliability of RO systems, therefore, the use of antiscalants has emerged as an effective solution. This comprehensive review explores various aspects of scale formations, including their characteristics and prevalence. It delves into detailed understanding of crystal nucleation inhibition, dispersion of crystal growth, threshold inhibition, and inhibition mechanisms, shedding light on the intricate processes involved in successful scale prevention. In addition, this review also explores the realm of antiscalants, uncovering their exceptional potential, mechanisms of action, and game-changing value in RO systems. It takes a thorough evaluation approach to different antiscalant substances, ranging from traditional inhibitors like phosphonates and synthetic polymers to more sustainable and greener inhibitors including biopolymers as promising candidates. The review assesses their efficacy, optimal dosage requirements, and compatibility with varying water pH levels. Moreover, the review highlights the utility of fluorescent-labeled antiscalants to elucidate the mechanisms underlying scale formation and inhibition, revealing the role of “nanodust” particles as primary heterogeneous nucleation centers, and the antiscalants’ role in disrupting the scale formation process. Limitations of current antiscalants and practical challenges, such as antiscalant-induced membrane biofouling, are also highlighted. Furthermore, the review explores options for removing antiscalants from the resulting concentrates. By setting the stage for future antiscalant research, this review offers innovative solutions to overcome existing challenges and achieve higher efficiency in RO systems, emphasizing the important role of synthetic and green polymers as antiscalants.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16974,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Saudi Chemical Society","volume":"28 5","pages":"Article 101923"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319610324001182/pdfft?md5=43753d0e66382ee4b6e0f3ef1ec0570a&pid=1-s2.0-S1319610324001182-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142044305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anticancer and antibacterial potential of green synthesized BSA conjugated silver nanoparticles","authors":"S. Akhtar ,&nbsp;R. AlAnsari ,&nbsp;B. Hasan ,&nbsp;S. Hasan ,&nbsp;A. Zayer ,&nbsp;J. AlHaddad ,&nbsp;M.A. Ansari ,&nbsp;F.A. Khan ,&nbsp;A. Ul-Hamid ,&nbsp;F.Z. Henari ,&nbsp;G. Roshan Deen","doi":"10.1016/j.jscs.2024.101917","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jscs.2024.101917","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized by utilizing different volumes of silver nitrate (AgNO₃) and a medicinally important protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA); subsequently, their anticancer and antibacterial activities were investigated. The volume of AgNO₃ and BSA were varied to obtain physically and chemically stable NPs for better therapeutic effects. The synthesized BSA@AgNPs were characterized by spectroscopic and microscopic methods, such as FTIR, and UV–Vis spectroscopy, SEM/EDS, and TEM/SAED. The characterization results offer substantial proof for the successful preparation of non-aggregated stable BSA@AgNPs. The EDS analysis revealed the presence of Ag, C, and O, thus reaffirming the preparation of BSA-conjugated AgNPs. The anticancer efficacy of BSA@AgNPs was studied against colorectal (HCT-116) and HeLa cancerous cell lines. The anticancer results showed that the treatment of cancer cells with BSA@AgNPs decreased the number of cells compared with untreated cells. The NPs prepared with a moderate amount of BSA showed a better inhibiting property than the particles prepared with a high amount of BSA. The antibacterial activity of BSA@AgNPs was studied against gram-positive (<em>S. aureus</em>) and gram-negative (<em>E. coli</em>) bacteria. SEM and TEM analyses confirmed that S. aureus and <em>E. coli</em> cells were damaged upon exposure to BSA@AgNPs in the form of deep pits and cavities as opposed to untreated cells. The obtained results show that the green synthesized BSA@AgNPs could be used as potential anticancer and antibacterial drugs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16974,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Saudi Chemical Society","volume":"28 5","pages":"Article 101917"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319610324001121/pdfft?md5=58c35d094e4f52179eb9dd67dbcdee96&pid=1-s2.0-S1319610324001121-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142006390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green and rapid oxidation of aldehydes using a catalytic applications of Deep Eutectic Solvent","authors":"Bahareh Shokr Chalaki ,&nbsp;Najmedin Azizi ,&nbsp;Zohreh Mirjafary ,&nbsp;Hamid Saeidian","doi":"10.1016/j.jscs.2024.101915","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jscs.2024.101915","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The development of novel and environmentally friendly solvents for chemical reactions is a vital in the pursuit of sustainable chemistry. This study presents a sustainable and efficient protocol for the rapid oxidation of benzaldehyde derivatives in the presence of catalytic Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) system to their corresponding benzoic acids. A novel ternary DES composed of Urea/ZnCl₂/HCl was synthesized using a combination of Urea, ZnCl₂, and HCl for the first time and employed as an environmentally friendly oxidation catalyst using H₂O₂ as an oxidant at 60 °C. Benzaldehyde derivatives with diverse range of functional groups and substitution patterns afforded remarkable results, as it achieved high to excellent yields of the corresponding benzoic acids within a remarkably short reaction time of only 50 min. This protocol offers several advantages over alternative methods, including high product yields, the elimination of toxic and hazardous solvents and catalysts, and straightforward experimental procedures. Furthermore, the synthesized DES excellent recyclability, allowing for its reuse up to five times without any significant loss of functionality. Moreover, the synthesized DES demonstrated exceptional recyclability, enabling it to be reused up to five times without experiencing any notable decline in its effectiveness or functionality.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16974,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Saudi Chemical Society","volume":"28 5","pages":"Article 101915"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319610324001108/pdfft?md5=76436204bd498c241892ce822569aa6f&pid=1-s2.0-S1319610324001108-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141979794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing photocatalytic degradation under visible light with TiO2/g-C3N4 nanohybrid mechanistic insights","authors":"Fatimah Othman Alqahtani","doi":"10.1016/j.jscs.2024.101918","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jscs.2024.101918","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, we presents a novel method for bolstering the photocatalytic effectiveness of crystalline titanium dioxide (TiO₂) through the integration of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄), creating a series of TiO₂/g-C₃N₄ nanohybrids (TiCN-NHs). Leveraging an economical and scalable pyrolysis technique, we crafted different ratios of these nanohybrids (TiCN-NHs-1, TiCN-NHs-2, TiCN-NHs-3, and TiCN-NHs-4) to optimize their performance in harnessing visible light for photocatalysis. Detailed spectroscopic examinations were performed to dissect the nanohybrids’ structural and morphological nuances, alongside their chemical interactions and states. The primary evaluation of these nanohybrids’ photocatalytic prowess was the degradation of a selected colored organic contaminant under visible light exposure. The TiCN-NHs showcased an unprecedented photocatalytic degradation efficiency, surpassing that of <em>p</em>-TiO₂ and bulk b-g-C₃N₄ by twelvefold and eightfold, respectively, under comparable conditions. This dramatic increase in photocatalytic activity is credited to the harmonious interface between TiO₂ and g-C₃N₄ within the nanohybrids, fostering a diminished bandgap and promoting efficient charge separation. Additionally, photoluminescence and density of state analyses, specifically focusing on valence band spectra under visible light irradiation, further confirmed these findings. The synergistic effects observed in TiCN-NHs not only enhance photocatalytic degradation rates but also spotlight the potential of these nanohybrids in solar energy conversion and environmental cleanup applications, offering a promising avenue for future research in sustainable technologies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16974,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Saudi Chemical Society","volume":"28 5","pages":"Article 101918"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319610324001133/pdfft?md5=ad8c064a7dde24dddcda6a21976e3867&pid=1-s2.0-S1319610324001133-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141979795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}