Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University最新文献

{"title":"Design of extractor for process of extraction from solids from crushed vegetable raw materials","authors":"I. Y. Aleksanyan, Svetlana Alekseevna Svirina, Viktor Aleksandrovich Lebedev, Liubov Mikhailovna Titova, A. Nugmanov","doi":"10.24143/1812-9498-2022-2-7-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24143/1812-9498-2022-2-7-11","url":null,"abstract":"The article highlights a rational design of the extractor for extracting from solids from crushed vegetable raw materials. In the process of developing the extractor the results of numerous experimental and analytical studies, including the analysis of scientific, technical and patent literature, were taken into account. A distinctive feature of the proposed solution is the possibility to extract efficiently during the development of the interfacial surface due to the energy of compressed air, when the air flows are organized in such a way that a field of centrifugal forces is created inside the apparatus. The design of the apparatus also provides unloading of waste crushed raw materials and producing the dehydrated waste raw materials without using mechanically rotating parts (rotor), thereby simplifying the manufacturing process and operation of the device","PeriodicalId":169476,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129715374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Problems of standardization of social cyber-physical systems in Russia","authors":"Alla Vladimirovna Oleynikova, A. A. Oleinikov","doi":"10.24143/1812-9498-2022-2-12-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24143/1812-9498-2022-2-12-19","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, digitalization of various spheres of human life and activity is gaining momentum. The expanding range of opportunities in information support for the population helps minimize the time on receiving services from public authorities. There is considered realization of a “Smart State” concept. At the same time, there have been launched digitalization programs of the urban environment within the framework of a “Smart City” concept in Russia. The result of their implementation will be the increased accessibility and safety of urban spaces for different categories of citizens. It is significant that there has been found a conceptual gap between the real objects of digitalization and the models at the stage of design. Specific features of the regions of implementation (natural, man-made, economic, cultural and social) are rarely taken into account. There are considered national and foreign developments aimed at the standardization of social cyber-physical systems (CPS). The necessity has been inferred to develop an open, universal, national CPS standard. The current situation at the “Smart Housing” market has been analyzed. There is proposed the classification of buildings which takes into account the readiness for automation, saturation with automation elements and availability of the IoT elements to carry out the full-cost economic assessment of repairs and modernization.","PeriodicalId":169476,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130414887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revitalization as trend of preserving monuments of religious architecture (case study of Persian Mosque in Astrakhan)","authors":"Aleksandra Nikolaevna Shcherbinina, Nataliia Iglina, Anastasiya Alekseevna Surikova","doi":"10.24143/1812-9498-2022-2-54-62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24143/1812-9498-2022-2-54-62","url":null,"abstract":"The article focuses on the importance of religious architectural monuments for the spiritual, cultural and social life of the city and its inhabitants. There are highlighted the problems of using investment mechanisms to finance restoration works at these historical sites. The analysis of the ethnic and religious diversity of the population in the Astrakhan region is carried out, the significance of the Persian Mosque for the Muslim society is substantiated. On the basis of archival documents, the history of the mosque creation, its main architectural and structural characteristics, as well as the history of the mosque exploitation in the XX century are studied. The analysis of the current state of the Persian Mosque, measurements and photofixation were carried out, the defects in structural and decorative elements were revealed, and a conclusion about the unsatisfactory condition of the monument was made. According to the studied material on ancient and modern religious buildings, there has been developed a concept for the integral reconstruction of the Persian Mosque building including solutions for the reconstruction of lost parts and elements of the building, such as a hemispherical dome and four minarets at the corners of the building, as well as a general concept of retaining the original look of the object, taking into account all the legislation requirements for working with cultural heritage objects. A project of reconstructing and upgrading the inner yard of the mosque has been developed. The author’s definition of the term ‘revitalization’ regarding the object of cult architecture has been given as the revival of the object, preservation of its original functions and their expansion taking care both to the object and its mission. The types of financing the restoration works on similar objects include calling for funds of religious organizations and associations, citizens, as well as funding from municipalities and/or federal authorities, using the federal targeted programs or subventions. There are offered the alternatives of using the monuments of religious architecture: for their intended purpose, as objects of pilgrimage in religious tourism, objects of sightseeing and cultural education.","PeriodicalId":169476,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132190148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical generation of current and magnetic field in dynamic electrotechnical complexes","authors":"V. E. Terentiev, Lyudmila Borisovna Ochina, I. Belousova, V. Rusov, A. Andreev","doi":"10.24143/1812-9498-2022-2-38-47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24143/1812-9498-2022-2-38-47","url":null,"abstract":"Alternative power supply of dynamic electrical complexes (DEC) with optoelectronics is a modern direction in electrical engineering and automation. Optoelectronic means are able to simultaneously deliver electricity and information to the consumer, which helps control the elements of automated and robotic systems. Most powerful sources of intense optical radiation are lasers and solar radiation concentrators. Intracavity control of the radiation of multimode laser sources by using Q-switches can initiate the intelligent operational mode for the DEC control system. When radiation intensity reaches 107 W/cm2, melting and evaporation of the solid target surface begin. When radiation intensity exceeds 1010 W/cm2, ionization occurs and the substance turns into the near-surface plasma. The effect of plasma formation during the interaction of intense optical radiation with the material of a solid body inside a capacitor closed to an inductor makes it possible to generate a current and a high-intensity magnetic field using the “capacitor-coil” method (CC-method). Higher radiation intensity causes shock excitation of semiconductor atoms, breaking the valence bonds in them, creating the electron-hole pairs, reversible avalanche breakdown and turning plasma into a solid. Using the generation of current and magnetic field by the CC method in the digital control system of DEC is of practical interest. There are shown the results of theoretical and experimental studies of spatial-energy characteristics of a laser plasma excited inside a capacitor closed to an inductor during the current and a magnetic field generation depending on the laser radiation divergence. The possibility of using a CC-converter of optical radiation into the current of the armature winding of a brushless electric motor is considered.","PeriodicalId":169476,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121789794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving investment mechanism for project financing of blocks of flats construction","authors":"R. Nabiev, A. Y. Kurdyuk, Ravil Rashidovich Yanborisov","doi":"10.24143/1812-9498-2022-2-63-71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24143/1812-9498-2022-2-63-71","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents analysis of the investment support of the primary residential real estate market, which identifies the features of project financing for the construction of apartment buildings in modern conditions. Analysis of the reproduction of the housing stock in the Astrakhan region was carried out on the basis of statistical data. There was pointed out a decline in the commissioning of housing, a negligible increase in the volume of housing stock in the region along with increasing figures of housing provision. The methods of calculating the housing affordability coefficient were analyzed, their shortcomings were noted and proposals were prepared for adjusting the factors considered in the calculations. The practice of the primary residential real estate market functioning has been investigated and the influence of factors and conditions on the housing price has been defined. Based on the analysis of the investment and organizational mechanism of project financing of housing construction using escrow accounts, the problems and bottlenecks were identified, methods for solving these problems were developed: a scheme for choosing design solutions and a mechanism for step-by-step disclosure of escrow accounts. Recommendations are proposed to increase the investment attractiveness of the projects including the developer’s choice of the optimal financing strategy and sales strategy, the formation of the object image before the start of sales, a rational combination of design solutions, a reduction in the number of storeys in block of flats to increase the comfort of the urban environment and a favorable impact on purchasing power.","PeriodicalId":169476,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University","volume":"197 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131564639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"History of formation and development of system of specially protected natural territories in Astrakhan region","authors":"Dzhamilya Nurashevna Dzhunusova","doi":"10.24143/1812-9498-2022-2-72-78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24143/1812-9498-2022-2-72-78","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, in conditions of aggravating the environmental problems organization and creation of specially protected natural territories, including the land and water areas and the air space above them become one of the most effective forms of nature protection. The places where economic activity is prohibited for the sake of preserving pristine nature exist in different parts of the planet. They are very important for the preservation and restoration of the rare and endangered species of plants and animals, for tracking the patterns of natural processes that are not distorted by the anthropogenic factor, as well as for maintaining the appropriate quality of the environment. As of January 1, 2021, there were almost 12,000 specially protected natural territories of different levels and categories in Russia, the total area of which is more than 14% of the country's territory. The main stages of creation and development of specially protected natural territories within the Astrakhan region have been analyzed. There is considered a procedure of adopting the regulatory legal acts at the federal and regional levels regulating the creation of different categories of natural complexes and objects with a special status and united by a single mission – to preserve the biological and landscape diversity of our region.","PeriodicalId":169476,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University","volume":"160 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121189531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospects of obtaining sodium alginate from brown algae of Caspian Sea","authors":"Ekaterina Yur'evna Zaporozhec, A. Nugmanov","doi":"10.24143/1812-9498-2022-2-48-53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24143/1812-9498-2022-2-48-53","url":null,"abstract":"The scientists and technologists focus on studying the traditional technologies of processing geophytes. Modern development trends in biotechnology demand the expansion of the raw material base. The growing needs of medicine, food and feed industries in biologically active substances call for increased attention to new unconventional sources of renewable raw materials. For example, the brown algae of the Caspian Sea can be considered as a perspective object due to a high concentration of the unique biologically active substances. There are discussed the prospects and possibilities of obtaining the alginic acid and its derivatives from the algae of the Volga-Caspian basin. The decisive role of polysaccharides of the algae has been defined. Expediency of using aquatic plants of the Volga-Caspian basin as alternative little-studied raw materials for further processing and obtaining the products of different uses is substantiated. Analysis shows that the list of plants used to isolate alginate or alginate-containing products should be expanded.","PeriodicalId":169476,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114896782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technology of crispy fish and vegetable snacks with improved merchandise properties","authors":"A. A. Nevalennaya, G. Kasyanov, Aleksandr Mihaylovich Medvedev","doi":"10.24143/1812-9498-2022-2-31-37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24143/1812-9498-2022-2-31-37","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the state of the problem of manufacturing fast food products from combined fish and vegetable raw materials. The properties of the main and auxiliary types of raw materials included in the prescription composition of snacks are described, the chemical composition of the manufactured products is determined. There are considered the methods of improving the design of a single-screw extruder in order to reduce the negative thermal impact on the processed thermolabile raw materials. The obtained kinetic dependences stipulated the development of optimal modes of operation of the modified extrusion unit. Obtaining the kinetic dependencies made it possible to set up the operating modes of a single-screw extruder and determine the expansion coefficient of the extrudate, which depends on the area of the outlet of the extrusion head. The optimal parameters of the technology of extrusion of a multicomponent mixture were defined, which helped establish the required indicators of crispy snacks with a porous structure with an expansion coefficient of up to 300%. The theoretical and experimental data obtained made it possible to develop a method for producing the new extruded snacks, the formulation of which includes by-products with high nutritional value and low cost. The mass composition of four formulations of collagen-based fish and vegetable snacks has been determined. The rheological properties of the developed products have been studied. Radar diagrams of the quality of snacks and the economics of their production are presented.","PeriodicalId":169476,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127114811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving radar complex 5N87M1 based on wireless technology","authors":"Valentina Viktorovna Sulzhenko, O. N. Pishchin","doi":"10.24143/1812-9498-2022-2-20-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24143/1812-9498-2022-2-20-23","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers a method of upgrading the interface system of the 5N87M1 radar complex with a command post and automated control systems by organizing the transmission of radar information via a wireless radio channel. There is proposed a method of improving the interface system of the 5N87M1 radar complex with a command post and means of automated control systems by replacing the UPS-VTC signal conversion device with the MOST radio modem. It is stated that the UPS-VCH signal conversion device (modem), which is part of the 5N87M1 radar complex, is used to transmit digital data signals over non-switched voice frequency channels, which provides data exchange with the terminated equipment at transmission rates of 600, 1200, 2400, 4800, 7200, 9600 bps in synchronous and asynchronous modes. Conclusions are drawn about the need for further research in the field of wireless technologies in order to create modern prototypes of military equipment.","PeriodicalId":169476,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133190931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Federal government bodies with special status and their public-power characteristics","authors":"M. L. Romanov","doi":"10.24143/1812-9498-2022-2-79-88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24143/1812-9498-2022-2-79-88","url":null,"abstract":"The article highlights the current state of the federal state bodies with a special status in domestic constitutionalism and administrative law. The key theoretical approaches to the definition of the essence and system (list) of these bodies are analyzed, the achievement of scientific unity in recognizing their specific position or special role in the mechanism of the Russian state is noted. The main differences between bodies with a special status and other state bodies, including public authorities, are identified and described. In addition, the feature of the constitutional legitimization of state bodies with a special status is substantiated, their non-belonging to the state authorities is proved in a new way, state-power specifics and characteristics (evidence) of their competence are revealed in detail. For the first time, the author's position is presented and formulated regarding the admissibility of the formation of the bodies in question only with federal status. As a result of combining the essential features of the federal state bodies of special status, their general definition and arguments are given in favor of the inconsistency of the position of scientists who rank among such bodies as the Presidential Administration, the Security Council, the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation and the Russian Academy of Sciences. Legislative “presets” are examined, the characteristics and shortcomings in regulation of the status of the Central Bank of Russia, the Federal Accounts Chamber, the Commissioner for Human Rights in the Russian Federation, the Prosecutor’s Office and the Central Election Commission of Russia as federal state bodies with a special (constitutional) status are identified and analyzed.","PeriodicalId":169476,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128175317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}