Journal of Raman Spectroscopy最新文献

{"title":"Quantification and Imaging of Polystyrene Micro- and Nanoplastics in Cress Stems (Lepidium sativum) via Raman Spectroscopy","authors":"Mikołaj Kościński,&nbsp;Roksana Markiewicz","doi":"10.1002/jrs.70188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jrs.70188","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Plastic pollution presents a pervasive environmental crisis with profound implications for ecosystems and human health. Among plastics, polystyrene is widely used and contributes significantly to micro- and nanoplastic pollution due to its fragmentation properties. While extensive studies have focused on aquatic systems, the impacts of polystyrene-derived microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) on terrestrial plants remain underexplored. This study investigates the uptake, distribution, and morphological effects of spherical polystyrene MPs and NPs on garden cress (<i>Lepidium sativum</i>), a model plant species. Using Raman spectroscopic imaging, an advanced, noninvasive technique providing molecular and spatial resolution, we quantified the presence and localization of MPs and NPs (3.0, 1.1, and 0.1 μm) within plant tissues. Results reveal that particle size significantly influences transport and accumulation: NPs (0.1 μm) exhibit higher penetration and account for up to 51% of the polystyrene-positive Raman signal area within plant tissues, compared to 38% for 1.1 μm MPs and 21% for 3.0 μm MPs. Raman mapping confirmed polystyrene presence in vascular tissues, suggesting potential pathways for further transport. This study is the first engagement of Raman spectroscopy for characterizing MPs and NPs in terrestrial plant tissues, offering critical insights into their ecological interactions. Findings highlight risks associated with plastic contamination in soils, emphasizing the need for strategies to mitigate environmental plastic pollution and its integration into terrestrial food chains. These results underscore the necessity for interdisciplinary approaches to address the challenges posed by global plastic pollution.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16926,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Raman Spectroscopy","volume":"57 10","pages":"1677-1684"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149084198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discovery of Unconventional Phase of L-Tartaric Acid by Acoustic Shocked Conditions—X-Ray Diffraction and Raman Spectroscopic Approach","authors":"Sivakumar Aswathappa,&nbsp;Lidong Dai,&nbsp;Sahaya Jude Dhas Sathiyadhas,&nbsp;Raju Suresh Kumar,&nbsp;P. T. C. Freire,&nbsp;Wagner P. Gomes,&nbsp;Haiying Hu,&nbsp;Bing Lv,&nbsp;Xuefei Liu,&nbsp;Muthu Devaraj","doi":"10.1002/jrs.70182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jrs.70182","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Syntheses of new organic molecules and the discovery of high-pressure phases of known organic molecules under extreme conditions have always been a special interest in the fields of chemical science, geological sciences, and astrochemistry, owing to their profound significance for both the fundamental and advanced understanding of the origins of life on Earth. Laboratory-based dynamic shock-wave-recovery experiments on organic species have made a tremendous contribution to the identification of the synthetic role of natural shockwaves on the pre-biological processes of space-related organic molecules. In the present study, we consider L-tartaric acid (LTA-<i>P</i>2₁) as a test sample, which is a potential molecule that may be present in the interstellar medium (ISM). It is subjected to acoustic shock waves with 0, 50, and 100 shocks, respectively, to understand its high-pressure structural science. Significant differences are observed in the X-ray diffraction lines, Raman spectral lines, morphology, and optical transmittance spectra of the LTA under shocked conditions. To identify the formation of new phases, Le Bail refinements were performed, revealing <i>P</i>2₁-<i>P</i>1 and <i>P1-P1</i> transitions under 50- and 100-shocked conditions and further validated by the analyses of the lattice Raman modes, surface morphology, and optical bandgap energies. A possible mechanism is proposed based on the thermal conductivity-dependent shock waves-driven superheating approach. By presenting unequivocal explanations for the present work, it is believed that the acoustic shock waves have enough driving force to discover new crystallographic structures in organic species, such that tabletop shock tubes can be effectively considered powerful tools for discovering new organic species and phases.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16926,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Raman Spectroscopy","volume":"57 10","pages":"1713-1726"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149084144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Psilocybin and Psilocin in Urine by Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy","authors":"Wei Lin,&nbsp;Hong Chen,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Li","doi":"10.1002/jrs.70178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jrs.70178","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Psilocybin, one of the primary active compounds in magic mushrooms, is metabolized into psilocin in the human body. In this study, we employed surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), leveraging its unique molecular fingerprinting capabilities and high sensitivity, in combination with silver-coated gold nanoparticles (Au@AgNPs) as the enhancement substrate (enhancement factor ~1.14 × 10⁵), to detect psilocybin and psilocin in human urine samples. The method demonstrated remarkable sensitivity, with detection limits as low as 1.11 × 10⁻¹⁰ mol·L⁻¹ for psilocybin and 6.75 × 10⁻¹² mol·L⁻¹ for psilocin. In real sample analysis, the total recovery rates for psilocybin and psilocin ranged from 80.79% to 109.53% and 83.98% to 106.78%, respectively, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) below 9%, indicating excellent accuracy and stability. By enabling rapid, accurate detection of psilocybin and psilocin at trace levels, this technique holds significant potential for practical use in drug enforcement, clinical toxicology, and future psychoactive substance surveillance.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16926,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Raman Spectroscopy","volume":"57 10","pages":"1654-1663"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149084147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-Temperature Iron-Induced Crystallization of Germanium Thin Films: Substrate-Dependent Structural and Electrical Properties","authors":"Mustafa Kulakci,&nbsp;Ismail Kabacelik","doi":"10.1002/jrs.70181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jrs.70181","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study investigates iron-induced crystallization (Fe-IC) of amorphous germanium (α-Ge) thin films deposited on aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) and crystalline silicon (c-Si) (100) substrates. A thin Fe interlayer effectively promotes the crystallization of α-Ge thin films during post-annealing at 400°C–500°C. Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses reveal a clear amorphous-to-crystalline transition, accompanied by peak sharpening, linewidth reduction, and the development of a preferential Ge(111) orientation. The combined Raman–XRD analysis demonstrates progressive strain relaxation and grain growth, with significantly enhanced crystallization observed on c-Si compared to AZO substrates. Electrical measurements further show that Fe-assisted crystallization markedly improves charge transport, leading to ohmic behavior in AZO-based films and rectifying characteristics in c-Si–based structures. These findings establish Fe as an effective catalyst for low-temperature crystallization of Ge thin films and highlight the critical role of substrate properties in governing microstructural evolution and electrical performance.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16926,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Raman Spectroscopy","volume":"57 10","pages":"1704-1712"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149084026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution of Polarized Raman Spectroscopy Imaging and Chemometrics for the Analysis of Residual Scratches on Polyethylene Terephthalate Surfaces","authors":"Merzouk Haouchine,&nbsp;Marina Pecora,&nbsp;Sebastien Hupont,&nbsp;Marc Ponçot,&nbsp;Christian Gauthier,&nbsp;Isabelle Royaud","doi":"10.1002/jrs.70177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jrs.70177","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Scratch testing of polymer surfaces generates complex local stress and strain fields that strongly influence molecular organization, yet the underlying mechanisms remain difficult to resolve experimentally. Understanding these processes is essential for predicting surface damage and improving material durability. In this study, the molecular response of amorphous PET subjected to plastic scratch deformation is examined by combining mechanical scratching with postmortem polarized confocal Raman microspectroscopy. This approach enables spatially resolved chemical and structural characterization of the deformed and undeformed regions. Multivariate chemometric analyses are used to extract subtle spectral variations, providing a more comprehensive interpretation than classical band-intensity univariate methods. Using this methodology, the polarization configuration most sensitive to deformation-induced structural changes is at first identified. Then, high-resolution postmortem Raman mapping reveals specific Raman bands whose intensities correlate with local scratch-induced strains, indicating chain orientation and the formation of an orientation-induced mesophase during scratch. These findings provide insights into the microscopic mechanisms governing polymer reorganization under concentrated mechanical loading. Beyond PET, this combined mechanical-spectroscopic framework offers a robust approach for characterizing deformation and damage processes in a wide range of polymers. It also establishes a foundation for future studies, including environmental effects such as temperature and humidity, and for progressively moving toward an in situ coupling of the two experimental techniques.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16926,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Raman Spectroscopy","volume":"57 10","pages":"1685-1696"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149084119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coherent Stokes Raman Scattering for Simultaneous Measurement of CO2 and CH4 Temperatures","authors":"Alexander M. Warner,&nbsp;Robert P. Lucht,&nbsp;Rohan M. Gejji,&nbsp;Carson D. Slabaugh","doi":"10.1002/jrs.70176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jrs.70176","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Experimental measurements of fuel and flame temperatures in a methane/air co-flow diffusion flame are performed using coherent Stokes Raman scattering. A three-beam hybrid fs/ps configuration is employed such that the excitation bandwidth of the ultrafast pulses includes the rovibrational transitions in the Fermi-dyad of CO\u0000&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt; and the \u0000&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;v&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt; mode of CH\u0000&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;4&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;. Time-domain spectroscopic models were developed and employed to simultaneously extract the CH\u0000&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;4&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt; and CO\u0000&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt; temperatures separately from the same CSRS spectra. Axial and radial temperature profiles of CH\u0000&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;4&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt; and CO\u0000&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt; in the diffusion flame are presented. Methane temperatures ranged from 300 to 900 K while CO\u0000&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt; temperatures ranged from 500 to 2500 K. At probe volume locations higher above the burner, the fuel and product temperatures were in strong agreement. Measurement locations near the methane injector revealed inhomogeneities between fuel and flame temperatures before significant mixing by diffusion. For the first time, a three-beam ultrafast CSRS configuration is demonstrated to simultaneously measure differing CH\u0000&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;4&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt; and CO\u0000&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt; temperat","PeriodicalId":16926,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Raman Spectroscopy","volume":"57 10","pages":"1644-1653"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jrs.70176","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149084121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carotenoid-Fortified Lard Mimics Cow Ghee in Raman Spectra","authors":"Vineet Sharma,&nbsp;Ajay Kumar Bind,&nbsp;Shreyans K. Jain,&nbsp;Venkatnarayan Ramanathan","doi":"10.1002/jrs.70180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jrs.70180","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Raman spectroscopy is increasingly used for rapid screening of cow ghee, and several reports treat the Raman peaks of β-carotene at 1006, 1157, and 1520 cm⁻¹ as unique differentiating markers for cow ghee. In this work, carrot-derived carotenoid extract (β-carotene–rich; confirmed qualitatively by HPLC at 453 nm) is added to lard and palm oil (nondairy matrices). Such fortified lard and palm oil exhibited Raman spectra identical to the Raman spectrum of cow ghee. A controlled dose–response dilution series (Master-LC21) further showed a systematic decrease in carotenoid band prominence with increasing lard content, where the lowest detection limit was 0.22 mg g⁻¹ (0.022% w/w) of carotene extract in lard. ATR-FTIR measurements provided only lipid signatures, and the said carotenoid peaks were indiscernible, making Raman an indispensable tool for detecting peaks of β-carotene in the corresponding nondairy matrices. Results demonstrate that reliance on β-carotene Raman peaks for authenticating cow ghee is highly vulnerable to being compromised.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16926,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Raman Spectroscopy","volume":"57 10","pages":"1697-1703"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149084189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Jewelled Byzantine and Medieval Reliquaries of the True Cross: Peridots and Other Gemstones in Material and Symbolic Perspective","authors":"Stefania Martiniello,&nbsp;Stefano Legnaioli,&nbsp;Simona Raneri","doi":"10.1002/jrs.70172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jrs.70172","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Jewelled crosses containing relics of the True Cross occupy a central position in the devotional, artistic and symbolic traditions of Christianity. Beyond their liturgical function, the selection and arrangement of gemstones has layered meanings associated with protection, sanctity and divine renewal. This study examines three exceptional examples of jewelled crosses—the <i>Crux Vaticana</i> (6th century; Treasury Museum of St Peter's Basilica, Vatican City), the <i>Enkolpion</i> of Constantine (10th–11th century, Treasury Museum of St Peter's Basilica, Vatican City) and the <i>Holy Cross</i> of Castiglion Fiorentino (13th century; Municipal Art Gallery, Castiglion Fiorentino, Arezzo, Italy)—with particular emphasis on the coloured gems adoring the reliquaries and the archaeogemological questions they raise. A noninvasive, in situ analytical approach was employed, based on gemological observations and portable Raman spectroscopy, supported by portable x-ray fluorescence (XRF). Among the identified gems, the characteristic Raman doublet at approximately 822 and 855 cm⁻¹, allowed secure identification of several green stones as peridots [(Mg,Fe)₂SiO₄], constituting the first analytical confirmation of peridots on these three important reliquaries and enable a coherent gemological mapping of their decorative schemes. In addition, comparative gemological observations suggest a probable provenance from the island of Zabargad (St John's Island, Red Sea), the principal historical source of high-quality peridot in antiquity. In addition to peridots, further gemological and Raman analyses enabled the characterization of several other gemstones. The combined spectroscopic and gemological evidence indicates that while a number of stones are original, others represent later substitutions, attesting a complex histories of maintenance, repair and restoration. The presence of non crystalline materials such as coloured glass further reflects changing material choices over time. Beyond mineralogical identification, this study contributes to the broader debate on materiality and symbolic meaning in devotional ancient jewellery. By integrating Raman spectroscopic analysis with art-historical perspectives, it demonstrates how gemstone choice—particularly the preference for green stones—played an active role in shaping the spiritual and symbolic meaning of True Cross reliquaries.</p>","PeriodicalId":16926,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Raman Spectroscopy","volume":"57 10","pages":"1727-1756"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jrs.70172","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149084009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microplastic Identification via Raman Spectroscopy: A Three-Channel Feature Fusion Convolutional Neural Network","authors":"Qianghua Zhang,&nbsp;Yingjie La,&nbsp;Chunfang Wu,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Zheng,&nbsp;Zhanjun Yang,&nbsp;Jie Wei","doi":"10.1002/jrs.70179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jrs.70179","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The rapid and accurate identification of microplastics is critical for environmental monitoring and pollution control. While Raman spectroscopy is widely utilized for microplastic detection due to its nondestructive nature and high specificity, traditional classifiers and standard convolutional neural networks often struggle with insufficient feature representation and limited generalization when faced with complex background interference and spectral similarity. To address these challenges, we propose a novel Three-Channel Feature Fusion Convolutional Neural Network (TC-FFCNN) integrating attention mechanisms. The model constructs multidimensional feature inputs by fusing raw spectra with their first- and second-order derivatives. Concurrently, it combines a multiscale convolutional architecture with attention mechanisms to achieve the adaptive enhancement of key spectral bands. Under standardized experimental conditions, the proposed model was systematically compared against other models, including KNN-PCA, SVM-PCA, random forest, PLS-DA, and ResNet. Results demonstrate that TC-FFCNN outperforms all comparison models, achieving an average precision, recall, and accuracy of 0.990 on the standard dataset. Furthermore, ablation studies validate the critical roles of both the multichannel inputs and the attention mechanisms in enhancing overall model performance. When evaluated on more challenging environmental samples, the performance of the above mentioned other models has significantly declined; however, TC-FFCNN still maintained a high classification accuracy of 0.989, demonstrating superior robustness and generalization capabilities. Ultimately, this study establishes that the proposed TC-FFCNN effectively improves the recognition accuracy of microplastic Raman spectra and maintains stable performance under complex conditions, providing a reliable technical framework for the rapid detection of microplastics in practical applications.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16926,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Raman Spectroscopy","volume":"57 10","pages":"1664-1676"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149084116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transmission Raman Spectroscopy (TRS) for Accurate Authentication of API in Coated Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) Tablets","authors":"Vijay Kumar,&nbsp;Khan Mohammad Khan,&nbsp;Hemant Krishna,&nbsp;Khageswar Sahu,&nbsp;Srinibas Satapathy,&nbsp;Shovan Kumar Majumder","doi":"10.1002/jrs.70165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jrs.70165","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is widely used as an antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory drug. However, adulteration of the API in HCQ tablets not only adversely affects the efficacy of this common drug but also raises the risk to the recipient significantly, which many a times can lead to life threatening conditions. Hence, authentication of the API of HCQ tablets is an unmet need globally, requiring urgent attention. The current methods of API authentication in a coated tablet are chemical intensive, costly, and time-consuming and are not specific to the molecules forming the API. Herein, we report, the development and use of a transmission Raman spectroscopy (TRS) system for a more accurate but nonintrusive way of authentication of HCQ tablets in presence of the coating which otherwise is not possible using the conventional chemical methods and the existing configurations of Raman spectroscopy. The outcome of the study conducted on five different commercial brands of HCQ is that while the backscattered Raman signals, because of the large interference arising out of the coating itself, deviated significantly (particularly at ~400, 518, and 642 cm⁻¹) from the Raman spectrum of pure API, the interference was almost zero in case of the signals obtained using TRS, and a greater extent of spectral matching (<i>R</i>² &gt; 0.97) could be noted. The higher sensitivity of TRS towards the inner contents (i.e., API) of the tablets and insignificant susceptibility to the coating on the tablet surface reveals its true potential for an accurate authentication of the API.</p>","PeriodicalId":16926,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Raman Spectroscopy","volume":"57 9","pages":"1565-1576"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jrs.70165","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148862219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}