{"title":"A Novel Incident Circular Polarized Light Raman Optical Activity (ICP‐ROA) Spectrometer With Advanced Polarization Control","authors":"Klaus Hofmann, Luisa Martin, Ingo Fischer","doi":"10.1002/jrs.6733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jrs.6733","url":null,"abstract":"The design and setup of a novel and simple backscatter Raman optical activity (ROA) spectrometer with incident light circular polarization (ICP) is presented, constructed from commercially available components. Incident light polarization is controlled using a combination of waveplates, compensating for unwanted birefringence and beam offsets. Realignment of the spectra in post‐processing reduced artifacts caused by spatial offsets. Spurious signals from achiral solvents like toluene and water are almost completely removed. The setup was validated by measuring references samples, including α‐pinene, carvone, and glucose in aqueous solution. The spectra show very good agreement with previously published results.","PeriodicalId":16926,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Raman Spectroscopy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142256267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yulia V. Zaytseva, Konstantin A. Okotrub, Nikolai V. Surovtsev
{"title":"Sensitivity of the C–H Stretching Band in Raman Spectra to Phospholipid Order","authors":"Yulia V. Zaytseva, Konstantin A. Okotrub, Nikolai V. Surovtsev","doi":"10.1002/jrs.6731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jrs.6731","url":null,"abstract":"Phospholipid bilayers, which are a major component of cellular membranes and some drug delivery vehicles, can be in different states of order depending on the conformations of the hydrocarbon tails and their mutual arrangement. The important task of experimental characterization of phospholipid order is often addressed using Raman spectra of the C–H stretching bands. Such characterization uses some empirical relationships for apparent maxima in the spectra, although the origin of the sensitivity of the C–H band to phospholipid order and its model description remain unclear. Surely, a correct description of the sensitivity of the C–H band to phospholipid order is critical for its proper application. Here, we provide a description of the ordering sensitivity of the C–H stretching band using a polarized Raman experiment with hydrated aligned multibilayers of a saturated phospholipid. By this way, Raman contributions from symmetric and antisymmetric vibrations of CH<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> were obtained in a model‐free manner. Experiments in a wide temperature range and the use of isotopic isolation helped us to consider separately the effects of conformational and lateral order of chains. The conformational sensitivity of the spectrum of antisymmetric vibrations was confirmed by DFT modeling. The outcomes of the study allowed us to provide recommendations for the use of the Raman spectrum of the C–H stretching band to characterize the conformational and lateral order of phospholipid‐containing materials.","PeriodicalId":16926,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Raman Spectroscopy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142256266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anna Klisińska‐Kopacz, Anna Ryguła, Julio M. del Hoyo Meléndez
{"title":"Micro‐Raman Spectroscopy for the Identification of Drawing Materials Used Throughout the 17th and 20th Centuries","authors":"Anna Klisińska‐Kopacz, Anna Ryguła, Julio M. del Hoyo Meléndez","doi":"10.1002/jrs.6728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jrs.6728","url":null,"abstract":"The study explores drawing materials from the 17th century to the present using noninvasive techniques like Raman spectroscopy in selected cases supplemented by x‐ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy. This publication is an effort to expand knowledge across diverse periods and materials. A collection of six drawings spanning from 1700 to 1899 from the National Museum in Krakow and a 20th‐century birch bark artifact were analyzed. Noninvasive techniques facilitated the systematic analysis of drawing materials, providing insights into diverse substances over centuries. Identified materials include hematite, calcite, graphite, bister, sepia, iron gall ink, and crystal violet dye. Understanding the chemical composition aids conservation and is a reference for future art history and preservation studies.","PeriodicalId":16926,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Raman Spectroscopy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142204968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anna Rygula, Anna Klisińska‐Kopacz, Marta Matosz, Tomasz Wilkosz, Michał Obarzanowski, Paulina Krupska‐Wolas, Karolina Skóra, Aldona Kopyciak, Joanna Harasim‐Grym, Julio M. del Hoyo‐Meléndez
{"title":"Noninvasive Multitechnique Analysis of Baroque Amber Artworks From Gdansk: The Benefits of Using Raman Spectroscopy","authors":"Anna Rygula, Anna Klisińska‐Kopacz, Marta Matosz, Tomasz Wilkosz, Michał Obarzanowski, Paulina Krupska‐Wolas, Karolina Skóra, Aldona Kopyciak, Joanna Harasim‐Grym, Julio M. del Hoyo‐Meléndez","doi":"10.1002/jrs.6727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jrs.6727","url":null,"abstract":"The multidisciplinary, noninvasive analysis of baroque amber artworks is part of a research project that deals with the most valuable objects from the Museum of Gdansk (Poland). The two most interesting objects will be presented here: a Baroque Gdansk wardrobe‐shaped amber cabinet (made by Johann Georg Zernebach, Gdansk, 1724) and a crucifix (Gdansk, 17th century). Macro‐ (UV, IR, and X‐radiography) and micro‐ (XRF and Raman spectroscopy) analytical methods were applied to reveal traces of old conservation treatments and uncover the techniques of the 17th and 18th century amber masters. UV photography shows the differences between the amber plates that are not so easily detected under visible light, while XRF spectrometry detects elements atypical for amber objects, suggesting previous conservation treatments. Confocal Raman measurements, especially Raman depth profiling, were performed for the amber artworks and allowed to detect areas of previous conservation treatments. Single‐point scans were collected from the surface (0 μm) to a depth of −200 μm, with a step of 50 μm. The results allowed us to identify three different types of zones: where the amber was preserved without any protective layer, places where the amber was covered with a thin layer of a protective substance, and places where amber elements were compensated for loss using a binding agent and filler. The presented project allowed the development of a comprehensive methodology for the analysis of amber objects, especially to optimize the capabilities of confocal Raman microscopy. The combination of macro‐ and microanalytical techniques made it possible to obtain a broad overview of such complex artworks while optimizing the time and effort spent on the investigations.","PeriodicalId":16926,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Raman Spectroscopy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142204969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. E. Kalichkina, P. K. Krivolapenko, V. P. Tuguldurova
{"title":"Quantitative Raman Spectroscopy of Urea and Thiourea in the Reaction Mixtures of Allantoin and 4,5‐Dihydroxyimidazolidine‐2‐Tione Formation","authors":"L. E. Kalichkina, P. K. Krivolapenko, V. P. Tuguldurova","doi":"10.1002/jrs.6729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jrs.6729","url":null,"abstract":"The present work introduces a new approach to quantitative determine the reagent concentrations (thiourea and urea) using in situ Raman spectroscopy in the reaction mixture exemplified by the reactions of formation of allantoin and 4,5‐dihydroxyimidazolidine‐2‐thione. The approach comprises the use of a commercially available immersion probe (MarqMetrix Process Elite BallProbe with sapphire lens) as a standard for the immersion probe band at 790 cm<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> of optical glass. This leads to a linear dependence of the ratio of the intensity of non‐overlapping analyte bands at 1003 cm<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> of ‐C‐N‐ vibrations in urea to the one of the 790 cm<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> immersion probe band on the concentration of urea in the test solution. The definable method parameters such as precision (repeatability and reproducibility), linearity, limit of detection (LoD), limit of quantitation (LoQ), and accuracy were determined. The quantitative Raman spectroscopy method is linear, precise within the range of determined concentrations from 0.75 to 2.00 M and can be used to calculate the kinetics of allantoin formation. Using thiourea as an example, it is shown that despite the partial overlap of the analyte band at 730 cm<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> of the ‐C=S vibrations of thiourea with the immersion probe band at 790 cm<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>, the method to determine thiourea in the reaction of 4,5‐dihydroxyimidazolidine‐2‐thione preparation is also linear and precise in the range of determined concentrations from 0.10 to 1.57 M.","PeriodicalId":16926,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Raman Spectroscopy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142204973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Spectroscopic Analysis of the Initial Step of the Maillard Reaction of d‐Fructose and Nα‐Acetyl‐l‐Lysine","authors":"Tsung‐Cheng Yang, Hirotsugu Hiramatsu","doi":"10.1002/jrs.6730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jrs.6730","url":null,"abstract":"The Maillard reaction is a reaction between sugar and the amino group of proteins. Herein, <jats:italic>N</jats:italic><jats:sub>α</jats:sub>‐acetyl lysine (Ac‐Lys) and fructose were the model compounds. Structural information of the intermediates and products of the reaction at pH 7.4 and 37°C was obtained using UV–Vis absorption, fluorescence, and 785‐nm excited non‐resonance Raman spectroscopy. In the 6‐h reaction, three independent components in the spectroscopic data were attributed to the solvated reactants (A), their complex (B), and a covalent‐bonded product (C). The rate constant of the change in the fraction from A to B and B to C were (9.9 ± 0.1) × 10<jats:sup>−3</jats:sup> and (3.3 ± 0.1) × 10<jats:sup>−3</jats:sup> min<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>, respectively. Polymeric Maillard reaction products were not yet formed. The structures of the solute molecules in each state were discussed based on the spectroscopic data.","PeriodicalId":16926,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Raman Spectroscopy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142204972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Patience T. Shoko, Ewan W. Blanch, Peter J. Torley, Christopher Pillidge
{"title":"Raman Spectroscopy for the Differentiation of Muscles and Tissues in Meat Using Chicken as a Model System","authors":"Patience T. Shoko, Ewan W. Blanch, Peter J. Torley, Christopher Pillidge","doi":"10.1002/jrs.6725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jrs.6725","url":null,"abstract":"The application of Raman spectroscopy in the meat processing industry as a quality assurance is dependent on its ability to differentiate tissues from the animal. Meat is commercialised as different cuts with variations in quality and financial value. Whilst it is possible to conduct some analysis on meat quality, there are high costs and time involved. The meat processing industry could benefit from rapid methods for characterising meat quality for large quantities. This study demonstrates the ability of combining Raman spectroscopy with chemometrics to discriminate tissues in a chicken carcass. All spectra from the different tissues were analysed by applying chemometrics. The principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant function analysis (DFA) showed successful classification of different muscles and tissues.","PeriodicalId":16926,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Raman Spectroscopy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142204970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jennifer Huidobro, Gorka Arana, Juan Manuel Madariaga
{"title":"Raman Spectroscopy Against Harmful Nitrogen‐Based Compounds in Cultural Heritage Materials","authors":"Jennifer Huidobro, Gorka Arana, Juan Manuel Madariaga","doi":"10.1002/jrs.6724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jrs.6724","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrogen‐based compounds are widespread in the environment due to various sources of natural and anthropogenic origin that introduce them from the most reducing form (the acidic ammonium cation) to the most oxidized (the nitrate anion). In addition, some environmental conditions, such as pH and redox potential, favor secondary reactions of nitrogenous compounds. An example of this is the harmful effect of nitrates on cultural heritage (CH), which poses a threat to its preservation. This is due to their high solubility and mobility, which allow them to penetrate the structure of the materials. As a result of their crystallization/dissolution and hydration/dehydration cycles, the precipitation of nitrate salts in the pores causes internal fractures, leading to the subsequent deterioration and loss of the material. The detection of these salts is a straightforward process in analytical chemistry, but it is imperative to use nondestructive and noninvasive analytical techniques, such as Raman spectroscopy, because of the need to preserve CH. In this work, we have compiled the sources and pathways that contribute to the formation of nitrogen‐based compounds, especially nitrate salts in various CH components. Finally, the Raman spectrum characteristic of the nitrate family has also been explained, including the most damaging nitrates found in CH, such as niter, nitratine, nitrocalcite, nitromagnesite, nitrobarite, and nitrammite, and has been compiled. In addition, less common nitrates, some nitrites, and other ammonium compounds have been included in this database.","PeriodicalId":16926,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Raman Spectroscopy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142204975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marion Berge, Jonhatan Siboni, Carole Mequinion, Eric Caudron, Laetitia Lê
{"title":"Flow Injection Analysis With UV Detection Versus Raman Spectroscopy for the Quantitative Analysis of Remdesivir","authors":"Marion Berge, Jonhatan Siboni, Carole Mequinion, Eric Caudron, Laetitia Lê","doi":"10.1002/jrs.6723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jrs.6723","url":null,"abstract":"The quality and the security of preparations in hospital centres are essential to guarantee the patient's safety. The development of fast and efficient analytical methods is required to control the finished product before use. In this context, the study aimed to compare the performance and interchangeability of two spectral analytical methods: the flow injection analysis (FIA) with UV detection and the Raman spectroscopy for the quality control of preparation before use to quantify the remdesivir as a SARS‐CoV‐2 drug. A quantitative study of remdesivir was performed using clinically relevant concentration solutions ranging from 0.25 to 1.625 mg.mL<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> in 0.9% NaCl. Samples were analysed by FIA‐UV at 245 nm and by a handheld Raman spectroscopy at 785 nm. Quantitative models were developed using a calibration set (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 45 samples) and optimized using a validation set (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 27). An external validation test set (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 58) was used to compare the two methods by a Bland–Altman plot. Partial least square regression was used to analyse Raman spectra, while univariate analysis was performed at 245 nm for FIA‐UV. The regression coefficient was higher than 0.990 for both methods, and the root mean square error of prediction was 0.031 mg.mL<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> for Raman spectroscopy. The Bland–Altman plot confirmed the interchangeability of the two methods and the potential of Raman spectroscopy to control remdesivir during clinical preparation in the hospital.","PeriodicalId":16926,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Raman Spectroscopy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142204974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammadreza Elahifard, Xiaoliang Wang, Judith C. Chow, John G. Watson
{"title":"Functionalization of Filter Media for Improved Crystalline Silica Analysis Using Raman Spectroscopy","authors":"Mohammadreza Elahifard, Xiaoliang Wang, Judith C. Chow, John G. Watson","doi":"10.1002/jrs.6726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jrs.6726","url":null,"abstract":"Respirable crystalline silica (RCS) poses significant health risks in workplaces, including underground coal mines, metal and nonmetal mining, construction sites, fire suppression, and oil and gas industries. Raman spectroscopy offers a promising avenue for direct analysis of RCS on sample filters with minimal pretreatment. However, the presence of organic compounds (OC) in the samples can generate fluorescence signals that interfere with RCS measurements, potentially saturating the detector even at short integration times, particularly when using portable Raman instruments. This study explores a novel approach to address these challenges by functionalizing filters with a hydroxyapatite/silver bromide/titanium dioxide (HAT) photocatalyst, facilitating the oxidation and removal of OC using the Raman excitation laser. Photocatalytic degradation experiments conducted on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) filters preloaded with HAT and anatase titanium dioxide (TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>) particles demonstrated that HAT significantly enhances the degradation of OC, such as oxalic acid, under visible light irradiation compared to TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>. Additionally, fluorescence interferences were reduced for coal dust samples analyzed on functionalized silver filters using a portable Raman instrument. The efficacy of HAT in OC photocatalytic degradation on silver filters was further confirmed using a benchtop micro‐Raman system. Filter functionalization had minimal impact on filtration efficiencies and pressure drops, indicating the feasibility of this approach for improving RCS analysis while maintaining filter performance.","PeriodicalId":16926,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Raman Spectroscopy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142204971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}