Journal of Raman Spectroscopy最新文献

{"title":"Featured Cover","authors":"Henry Misoi,&nbsp;Jonas I. Hölzer,&nbsp;Thomas Seeger","doi":"10.1002/jrs.6771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jrs.6771","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The cover image is based on the article <i>Experimental Determination of the Temperature-Dependent Broadening Effect of Water Vapour on the S-Branch Raman Linewidths of Nitrogen</i> by Jonas Immanuel Hölzer et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/jrs.6742.\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":16926,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Raman Spectroscopy","volume":"56 1","pages":"i"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jrs.6771","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143115103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On-Site Raman and XRF Study of Complex Metal Patinas and Cloisonné Enamels From 19th-Century Christofle Masterpieces: Technological Study of the Decoration Techniques","authors":"Julie Schröter,&nbsp;Philippe Colomban,&nbsp;Michel Bouchard,&nbsp;Ludovic Bellot-Gurlet,&nbsp;Audrey Gay-Mazuel","doi":"10.1002/jrs.6761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jrs.6761","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A major effort in technological development was conducted during the 19th century. The polychrome surfaces of the metal parts of a corner cabinet, a torch vase, an “elephant” vase, and a candelabra pair designed by Emile Reiber between 1874 and 1878 for the Christofle &amp; Cie Company were investigated on site by means of noninvasive Raman, FTIR, and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy after examination under white light at different magnifications and under UV illumination. Despite the low thickness of the patinas (a few tens of microns) different (electro)chemically formed phases were identified in these layers (Cu₂O, Ag₂S, CuS or Cu₂S, and sulfates). Residues of organic conservation products are identified by FTIR reflectance. The results are compared with the information available in the patents filed by the company as well as other written sources from that period. The pigments and opacifiers (Naples yellows, lead arsenates, fluorite, spinels, cassiterite, and chromates), and the vitreous matrices of the cloisonné enamels of the objects above are identified and testify to the deliberate combination of European and Asian enameling techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":16926,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Raman Spectroscopy","volume":"56 3","pages":"243-261"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jrs.6761","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143565454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid Assessment of Tablet Quality Based on Raman Spectroscopy Analysis: Investigating the Effect of Storage Conditions on the Degradation of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) of Acetaminophen Tablet","authors":"M. Keshavarz Mohammadian,&nbsp;S. H. Tavassoli,&nbsp;S. Karimi","doi":"10.1002/jrs.6757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jrs.6757","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The effectiveness and safety of drugs may be compromised by the degradation of APIs during preparation processes or after they have been released to market. This study has investigated the degradation of 500-mg Acetaminophen tablet (C₈H₉NO₂) when stored under unfavorable conditions such as increased temperature and high levels of humidity. To quantify the amount of API, the Raman intensity variations of characteristic peaks of API and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) (C₆H₉NO) are explored. By considering various sources of error in all experiments, the reliability of the extracted data set from Raman spectrums and the quality of results obtained using the utilized technique for predicting API is investigated at standard room temperature. The results demonstrate an acceptable precision in the range of pharmacopeia monograph. Then, the effect of temperature and humidity variations on the amount of API is investigated based on the related Raman spectra. The results show that the API's quantity starts to decrease after about 60 min at the temperature of 45°C ± 2°C and the relative humidity (RH) of 75% ± 2%. According to our results, when tablets are kept under the unfavorable conditions, the degradation pattern of API follows a logarithmic trend.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16926,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Raman Spectroscopy","volume":"56 3","pages":"278-285"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143565374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid Identification of Candida auris by Raman Spectroscopy Combined With Deep Learning","authors":"S. Kiran Koya,&nbsp;Michelle A. Brusatori,&nbsp;Sally Yurgelevic,&nbsp;Changhe Huang,&nbsp;Jake DeMeulemeester,&nbsp;Danielle Percefull,&nbsp;Hossein Salimnia,&nbsp;Gregory W. Auner","doi":"10.1002/jrs.6763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jrs.6763","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Candida</i> auris is a multidrug-resistant yeast that can lead to outbreaks in healthcare facilities, even with strict infection prevention and control measures. <i>Candida auris</i> detection is challenging using standard laboratory methods. Advancements in identification methods, such as matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and polymerase chain reaction, have improved detection, though these methodologies can be costly and impractical in resource-limited settings. This study presents a practical, portable, and reagentless platform known as Counter-Propagating Gaussian Beam Raman Spectroscopy (CPGB-RS), integrated with deep learning spectral analysis for the rapid and accurate identification of <i>C. auris</i>. This method has shown a sensitivity of 96% and a specificity of 99% in differentiating <i>C. auris</i> from other highly prevalent pathogenic species, such as <i>Candida albicans</i>, <i>Candida glabrata</i>, and <i>Candida tropicalis</i>. The differentiation between species is based on unique variations in their Raman spectra, influenced by differences in cell wall composition (including β-glucan, chitin, and mannoprotein), cell membrane components (like ergosterol), and cellular energy states (mitochondrial cytochromes b and c). This platform allows for automated molecular screening, generating diagnostic results within 2 min, making it highly practical for clinical applications. Furthermore, this technology has the potential to evaluate the effectiveness of antifungal agents, which could significantly improve patient outcomes.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16926,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Raman Spectroscopy","volume":"56 3","pages":"218-227"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143565375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Material Profiling of Mesopotamian Cylinder Seals by Raman Spectroscopy","authors":"Stylianos Aspiotis,&nbsp;Albert Dietz,&nbsp;Zsombor Földi,&nbsp;Frank Hildebrandt,&nbsp;Jochen Schlüter,&nbsp;Boriana Mihailova","doi":"10.1002/jrs.6765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jrs.6765","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Raman spectroscopy has been used to non-invasively analyse 30 Mesopotamian cylinder seals dated from the end of the fourth to the last half of the first millennium <span>bce</span>, kept in the collection of Museum für Kunst und Gewerbe (Hamburg, Germany). Besides the identification of the mineral constituents of the seals, the chemical compositions of the corresponding minerals were quantitatively determined from the Raman spectra. Using previously established relationships between the crystal chemistry and Raman-peak positions widths and/or relative intensities for various mineral groups, we demonstrate that (i) the Mg content in calcite-based seals as well as the Mg, Fe²⁺ and Ca contents in pyroxene present in one silicate seal can be determined with a relative error of 2%; (ii) the ^MMg and ^M(Fe + Mn)²⁺ contents in talc-based seals as well as the ^MMg and ^MFe²⁺ contents in antigorite-based seals can be quantified with a relative error of 5%; and (iii) in the case of chlorite-based cylinder seals the content of ^MMg, ^MFe²⁺, ^MAl, ^TSi and ^TAl could be estimated with relative errors of 15%–20%. We show that a classical gemological description of cylinder seals is insufficient, particularly when the most abundant mineral phases are oxides, iron sulfides and phyllosilicates, such as talc, antigorite and chlorite-group minerals. We demonstrate that combining classical art historical studies with archaeological evidence and detailed material profiles can advance provenance studies, reveal trade roots, unravel forgeries and distinguish replaced parts.</p>","PeriodicalId":16926,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Raman Spectroscopy","volume":"56 3","pages":"228-242"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jrs.6765","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143565446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and Theoretical Evidence of Weak Spin–Lattice Coupling in the Double Perovskite Sr2YRuO6","authors":"Hsiang-Lin Liu,&nbsp;Bommareddy Poojitha,&nbsp;Yi-Lin Lin,&nbsp;Hsiao-Wen Chen,&nbsp;Chao-Hung Du,&nbsp;Ting-Hua Lu,&nbsp;Supratik Mukherjee,&nbsp;A. C. Garcia-Castro,&nbsp;Ganapathy Vaitheeswaran","doi":"10.1002/jrs.6758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jrs.6758","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sr₂YRuO₆ is a material that provides an ideal platform for studying magnetic frustration in three-dimensional geometries. Herein, we combine Raman spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations to establish connections between the lattice dynamics and magnetic states in Sr₂YRuO₆ single crystals. The x-ray diffraction profiles reveal that Sr₂YRuO₆ possesses an ordered double-perovskite structure with distorted monoclinic symmetry. Three magnetic phase transitions are observed and linked to the presence of weak ferromagnetism at 135 K and short- and long-range antiferromagnetic orderings at 32 and 26 K. The oxygen-octahedron antistretching and stretching modes, observed at 570 and 766 cm⁻¹, exhibit anomalies near the magnetic phase transition temperatures, indicating an intriguing interplay between the lattice and spin degrees of freedom. Their spin–phonon coupling constants of 0.7 cm⁻¹ reflect the weak spin–lattice interactions in Sr₂YRuO₆.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16926,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Raman Spectroscopy","volume":"56 3","pages":"286-296"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143565394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conformation Dependence of Phenylalanine Characteristic Raman Markers","authors":"Belén Hernández,&nbsp;Yves-Marie Coïc,&nbsp;Sergei G. Kruglik,&nbsp;Santiago Sanchez-Cortes,&nbsp;Mahmoud Ghomi","doi":"10.1002/jrs.6759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jrs.6759","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Conformational dependence of six characteristic phenylalanine (Phe) Raman markers (F_i, i = 1, …, 6) was assessed through a multiconformational approach. Herein, aqueous solution off-resonance Raman spectra of the cationic species of the tripeptide Gly-Phe-Gly, with amine/amide backbone terminal groups, accompanied by the density functional theory calculations, using three different hybrid functionals (B3LYP, wB97XD and M062X), were presented. A set of 15 initial conformers, having five types of backbone secondary structures (β-strand, polyproline-II, helical, classic and inverse γ-turn) and three plausible side chain orientations, were submitted to geometry optimization. The optimized conformers permitted analysing the effect of non-bonded interactions, such as intramolecular hydrogen bonds, as well those occurring through space between aromatic side chain and adjacent peptide bonds. It has been shown that M062X was the only functional capable of maintaining the stability of all conformers, especially those having an inverse γ-turn backbone. In all calculations, extended chains (β-like) and classic γ-turn structures were shown to form the lowest and the highest energy conformers, respectively. Helical and pP-II structures belong to intermediate energy conformers. Raman spectrum was calculated by the thermal (Boltzmann) average of those spectra arising from the whole optimized conformers. An increasing global improvement of the spectral shape is to be noticed in going from the data obtained B3LYP to ωB97XD and M062X. Furthermore, explicit hydration of conformers improves the quality of the calculated spectrum by means of M062X. Wavenumber dispersion of the characteristic Raman markers revealed that F₅ (~1004 cm⁻¹) has the lowest dispersion (≤ 1 cm⁻¹), remaining unaffected by explicit hydration. In contrast, F₃ (~1207 cm⁻¹) shows the largest shift (≤ 6 cm⁻¹), whereas a moderate one (≤ 3 cm⁻¹) was predicted for F₁ (~1605 cm⁻¹), F₂ (~1586 cm⁻¹) and F₄ (~1035 cm⁻¹). Explicit versus implicit hydration seems to affect the wavenumber dispersion of F₆ (~622 cm⁻¹). It can be concluded that the conformational sensitivity of the Phe characteristic markers basically arises from the nature of their vibrational motions.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16926,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Raman Spectroscopy","volume":"56 3","pages":"262-277"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143565429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applications of Raman Spectroscopy in Art and Archaeology","authors":"Anastasia Rousaki,&nbsp;Juan Manuel Madariaga","doi":"10.1002/jrs.6756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jrs.6756","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Raman spectroscopy is considered as one of the most valued and important techniques in the art and archaeology analysis field. Its increasing importance when the technique is applied on cultural heritage objects is reflected on the number of &lt;i&gt;peer reviewed&lt;/i&gt; papers published each year on a variety of journals regarding cultural heritage science, analytical chemistry and (vibrational) spectroscopy, among others. Moreover, the importance of the application Raman spectroscopy on works of art and archaeology together with its improvements and breakthroughs is underlined on dedicated international scientific conferences (and sessions) such as the International Conference on the Application of Raman Spectroscopy in Art and Archaeology (RAA).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The RAA conferences is a great gathering of scientists working on Raman spectroscopy and its instrumental developments and an excellent opportunity to be informed on the latest advances of the technique on Cultural Heritage studies. The first edition of the RAA conference was realized in London in 2001 [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;], followed by Ghent (2003) [&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;] and then Paris (2005) [&lt;span&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;], Modena (2007) [&lt;span&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;], Bilbao (2009) [&lt;span&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;], Parma (2011) [&lt;span&gt;6&lt;/span&gt;], Ljubljana (2013) [&lt;span&gt;7&lt;/span&gt;], Wroclaw (2015) [&lt;span&gt;8&lt;/span&gt;], Évora (2017) [&lt;span&gt;9&lt;/span&gt;] and Potsdam (2019) [&lt;span&gt;10&lt;/span&gt;]. The 11&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; edition of the RAA conference (RAA2023, 6 to 9 September 2023) was hosted by the National Gallery-Alexandros Soutsos Museum, located in Athens, Greece in collaboration with Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. For the first time, the RAA2023 conference included a &lt;i&gt;two-day&lt;/i&gt; Raman spectroscopy training school (4 to 5 September 2023) on selected topics addressed to students and early career researchers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;As the previous editions, the scientific programme was focused on characterization of materials associated with cultural heritage research (natural and synthetic inorganic and organic materials including biological materials), degradation processes, conservation related themes and challenges, surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), chemometrics, Raman spectroscopy related topics in paleontology, paleoenvironment and archaeology, the development and progresses of Raman techniques and the application, advantages and challenges of new Raman instrumentation. The aforementioned topics can be connected either to laboratory or in situ analysis, or both while Raman spectroscopy should act as a core technique in studies that include other analytical techniques. During the RAA2023, these type of studies were organized in 3 keynote and 1 plenary lectures, 30 oral presentations, 4 sponsor oral presentations and 37 poster presentations. The RAA2023 conference garnered 100 registries from 21 countries. There were 332 authors and co-authors in the studies of the conference's scientific programme.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This special issue includes 14 selected manuscripts reflecting th","PeriodicalId":16926,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Raman Spectroscopy","volume":"55 12","pages":"1218-1223"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jrs.6756","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142851383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Complementary Use of Raman, ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy, and Chemometrics for Investigating the Deterioration of Artificially Aged Parchment","authors":"Ekaterini Malea,&nbsp;Stamatis C. Boyatzis,&nbsp;Dimitris Karlis,&nbsp;Dimitrios Palles,&nbsp;Soghomon Boghosian,&nbsp;Spiros Zervos","doi":"10.1002/jrs.6755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jrs.6755","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Among the materials constituting our cultural heritage, parchment has a significant role as the substrate of many archival documents. The assessment of its state of preservation has an important benefit to conservation and delineates the adequate preventive measures that would lead to better-controlled storage and exhibition conditions in museums and libraries worldwide. In the framework of this project, artificial aging of 48 new goat parchment samples was performed to induce deterioration similar to naturally aged parchment exposed to atmospheric pollutants. Five factors have been examined: relative humidity; NO₂; SO₂; exposure time, and the order of sequential exposure to NO₂ and SO₂. Temperature was kept constant at 25°C, while the effect of the above-mentioned factors was examined at two levels (low and high). Statistics was involved in advance in the experimental design. Raman spectroscopy along with attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy were used to investigate the condition of collagen in parchment. The entire set of environmental factors along with detected changes in the spectra were investigated through a chemometrics scheme involving analysis of variance (ANOVA). According to the results, the onset of collagen's secondary structure decomposition was observed. Statistical elaboration of data reveals that the two analytical methods (Raman and ATR-FTIR) function in a complementary manner related to the molecular changes and the chemical reactions that happen. In conclusion, both methods can increase their impact on the investigation of parchment degradation if they are combined with other analytical methods and chemometric applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":16926,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Raman Spectroscopy","volume":"55 12","pages":"1266-1280"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jrs.6755","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142851384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Archaeometric Study of the Colorants in the Finds From the 4th Century BC Cist Tomb at Lakkoma, Chalcidice","authors":"Svetlana Vivdenko,&nbsp;Athina Vasileiadou,&nbsp;Maria Tsimbidou-Avlonitou,&nbsp;Alexandros Konstanta,&nbsp;Lydia Avlonitou,&nbsp;Nikolaos Zacharias","doi":"10.1002/jrs.6754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jrs.6754","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The analytical findings concerning the red pigments used on various decorative features originating from a Macedonian, as well as the purple dye from the deceased's attire, are presented. The cist tomb, discovered in 1987 at the area of Lakkoma Chalcidice (Macedonia, Greece), dated to the 4th century <span>bc</span> and featured a wooden funeral couch with intricate ornaments, such as clay “eyes,” colored plaster, and clay gorgoneions. Vermilion and red ochre served as the main pigments of these decorative features. The pigments were applied in various combinations to produce a range of red hues, from deep to bright red. Furthermore, the precious vermilion was also used in every element of the couch. The stucco on the decoration was gypsum, whereas the preparation layers over clay and stucco elements consisted of calcite and lead white, respectively. The cloth covering the deceased was dyed with the most expensive organic dye of antiquity, the Tyrian (shellfish) purple. In this research, the preliminary identification of the chromophoric minerals in the colors of the samples was carried out with the examination of their optical characteristics in thin sections using polarizing light microscope (PLM) and with portable XRF. Physicochemical techniques, Raman and HPLC, were also used to definitively identify the pigments. Portable Raman spectrometer was used for the in situ analysis of the inorganic colorants of the decorative materials, whereas laboratory Raman spectrometer served for the identification of inorganic and organic colorants of the grain samples and the dye. High-pressure liquid chromatography with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) was applied for the identification of the coloring components of the purple organic dye from the deceased's clothes. The samples examined (0.5- to 1.5-mm diameter) were collected during the initial cleaning of the surface.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":16926,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Raman Spectroscopy","volume":"55 12","pages":"1322-1332"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142851581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}