Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities最新文献

{"title":"Geospatial Analysis of Tooth Loss Among the US Geriatric Population by Zip Code: The Role of Socioeconomic and Racial Factors.","authors":"Ravindra Rapaka, Richa Kaushik","doi":"10.1007/s40615-025-02378-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-025-02378-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigates the prevalence of tooth loss among the US geriatric population (≥ 65 years) in relation to socioeconomic and demographic characteristics at the local level, specifically identified by ZIP code tabulation areas (ZCTAs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data obtained from the American Community Survey (ACS) and PLACES in collaboration with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) were evaluated. Geographical autocorrelation was examined using Moran's I, while geographically weighted regression (GWR) and geographical lag models were employed to analyze spatial patterns and relationships, accounting for spatial dependence. K-means clustering established several ZCTA typologies based on socioeconomic variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A notable spatial autocorrelation was seen in the rates of total tooth loss (Moran's I = 0.64, p < 0.001). GWR demonstrated superior accuracy when compared with ordinary least squares (OLS) regression, accounting for 81.1% of the variance and indicating significant spatial heterogeneities in the associations between tooth loss and variables such as education, income, and poverty. Spatial lag models corroborated the impact of adjacent ZCTAs on the prevalence of tooth loss. Ethnic and racial discrepancies suggested that Black majority ZCTAs exhibited greater incidences of severe tooth loss. K-means clustering discovered distinct ZCTA typologies, one of which is a high-risk group marked by extreme poverty and lack of education, resulting in a higher rate of tooth loss.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings emphasize the critical role of geographic context in understanding disparities in oral health care and underscore the necessity for localized primary preventive strategies targeted to the elderly, particularly those living in economically disadvantaged regions, to attain oral equality.</p>","PeriodicalId":16921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143625114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Insights on the Involvement of Ethnic Minority Populations in Health and Social Care Research Priority Setting: A Systematic Scoping Review.","authors":"Winifred Ekezie, Shabana Cassambai, Ffion Curtis, Barbara Czyznikowska, Lauren L O'Mahoney, Andrew Willis, Shavez Jeffers, Ruksar Abdala, Ayesha Butt, Yogini Chudasama, Kamlesh Khunti, Azhar Farooqi","doi":"10.1007/s40615-025-02377-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-025-02377-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Representing all population groups in health and social care research is essential for generating research relevant to decision making in everyday clinical and social healthcare policy and practice. Conducting research that is relevant to all, starts with ensuring equitable representation in research priority selection. This scoping review aimed to identify evidence of published and good practices in health and social care research priority-setting activities, which included people from ethnic minority backgrounds.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The search was conducted using MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, and Scopus databases, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guideline. Studies that reported including ethnic minority community members in health and social care research priority setting from 2010 were considered. The research priority processes were evaluated using a checklist of good practices in research priority settings.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Forty-seven articles representing 12 countries and various health topics were included. Group discussion was the most common approach for conducting the research priority setting activities. No study addressed all 20 recommended research priority-setting good practice principles. Most studies provided sufficient information about the context of the priority-setting exercise. Examples of good practices included community advisory boards, local approaches to health research, and multi-disciplinary steering groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Representation of ethnic minority populations' involvement in research across different countries and broader health and social care areas is limited. Recommendations to address these challenges are presented and could help inform researchers, funders, and policymakers to understand what health and social care research topics are prioritised by ethnic minority communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":16921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143625116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Online Racial/Ethnic Discrimination, Suicidal Ideation, and Alcohol Misuse Among Ethnoracially Minoritized College Students: The Roles of Internalized Racism and Ethnic Identity.","authors":"Lillian Polanco-Roman, Jazmin Reyes-Portillo, Chantel T Ebrahimi, Ashley Powell, Brendesha M Tynes","doi":"10.1007/s40615-025-02381-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-025-02381-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over the past decade, mental health problems have disproportionately increased among U.S. ethnoracially minoritized college students, though explanations for this disparity remain understudied. In the present study, we examined the direct and indirect associations between online racial/ethnic discrimination, suicidal ideation (SI), and alcohol misuse. We also investigated whether internalized racism helps explain the association between online racial/ethnic discrimination (i.e., individual or vicarious exposures) and SI and alcohol misuse. Lastly, we examined the moderating role of ethnic identity dimensions (i.e., exploration and commitment) in this indirect association. Participants included 494 ethnoracially minoritized college students ages 18-30 years (M = 19.62, SD = 2.08; 79% female; 60% Latine; 83% U.S.-born) from the U.S. who completed an online survey. Findings revealed that online racial/ethnic discrimination (i.e., individual and vicarious exposures) was directly associated with increased SI and alcohol misuse. The indirect association of online racial/ethnic discrimination (i.e., individual and vicarious) on SI via internalized racism was statistically significant. These indirect associations, however, were not observed with alcohol misuse. Ethnic identity commitment moderated the indirect association of vicarious, though not individual, online racial/ethnic discrimination on SI via internalized racism. These findings underscore the impact of online racial/ethnic discrimination on ethnoracially minoritized college students' mental health, identify internalized racism as a potential pathway through which this type of discrimination may confer risk for SI, as well as ethnic identity commitment as a potential protective factor that may buffer these harmful effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":16921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143615852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Racial Disparities in Doctor-Patient Communication: Examining Doctors' Encounters with Black and White Patients.","authors":"Cassandra Gedeon, Rachel Rodenbach, Toby C Campbell, Thorunn H Thordardottir, Markus Brauer","doi":"10.1007/s40615-025-02374-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-025-02374-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Healthcare disparities persist in the USA, with Black patients often receiving lower-quality care. Effective doctor-patient communication is crucial for influencing satisfaction, adherence to treatment, and overall health outcomes. This study examined racial disparities in doctor-patient communication, focusing on encounters with Black and White patients recently diagnosed with myelodysplastic neoplasm (MDS). Thirty-seven oncologists participated in simulated encounters with trained actors portraying either Black or White patients. Using an innovative approach combining the comparison of communication characteristics, thematic content, and linguistic analyses, we observed significant disparities in time allocation, linguistic complexity, and relation-building efforts. Encounters with Black patients were notably shorter, with doctors using fewer words per sentence, asking fewer questions, and employing less inclusive and optimistic language. Doctors also had less thorough discussions about transplant options and used fewer words communicating authenticity when talking with Black patients. The post-encounter surveys revealed that doctors were not aware of their shortcomings when interacting with Black patients. The findings provide important insights for the development of training programs aimed at improving healthcare outcomes for marginalized communities and reducing racial healthcare disparities.</p>","PeriodicalId":16921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143615854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological and Spatial Disparities of HIV/AIDS in Adults in Brazil: A Comparative Analysis Between Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Populations.","authors":"Maurício Polidoro, Daniel Canavese de Oliveira, Ariadne Ribeiro Ferreira, André Baniwa","doi":"10.1007/s40615-025-02365-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-025-02365-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this study is to compare the characteristics and trends of HIV/AIDS notifications among Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations in Brazil from 2007 to 2023. This is a cross-sectional, ecological, and descriptive study, employing adult HIV/AIDS surveillance data, which includes sociodemographic variables, epidemiological backgrounds, and laboratory data. A total of 487,405 HIV/AIDS cases were recorded, with a significantly higher prevalence among individuals of Asian race/color. The Indigenous population exhibited a lower notification rate, yet higher rates in specific age groups and a greater prevalence of vertical HIV transmission. Significant differences were also identified in education levels and epidemiological backgrounds, with sexual transmission predominating among non-Indigenous individuals, especially among men who have sex with men. Among Indigenous people, transmission through heterosexual relationships was more common. The vertical transmission and higher notification rate in specific age groups among Indigenous populations underscore the need for health strategies that are adapted to consider the cultural specificities of these populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":16921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143615848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disparities in Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Among Asian Americans Diagnosed with Urologic Cancer.","authors":"Zhengyi Deng, Mingyi Li, Jinhui Li, Minji Jung, Ken Batai, Justin X Moore, Marvin E Langston, Benjamin I Chung","doi":"10.1007/s40615-025-02354-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-025-02354-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Asian Americans (AA) in the United States represent a heterogenous population from various ethnic backgrounds. We compared cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality between various AA groups and Non-Hispanic White (NHW) patients diagnosed with urologic cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We assembled a population-based cohort that included 389,114 prostate cancer, 98,721 renal cell cancer, and 126,485 bladder cancer patients. Cumulative cancer and CVD mortality were compared between AA and NHW groups, accounting for competing risk of death. Multivariable Cox models were used to quantify the cause-specific hazard ratio (HR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI), comparing AA subgroups (Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Filipino, Vietnamese, Other Southeast Asian, and Indian/Pakistani) to NHW patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>AA ethnic subgroups had a lower or comparable mortality from prostate cancer compared with NHW patients (HR ranged 0.51-1.03). No overall difference was observed for renal cell cancer death, but an increased mortality was observed for Filipino (HR = 1.10; 95% CI, 1.00-1.22) and Other Southeast Asian (HR = 1.50; 95% CI, 1.06-2.12) patients that included Laotian, Hmong, Kampuchean, and Thai ethnicity. Although reduced mortality from bladder cancer (HR = 0.88; 95% CI, 0.83-0.93) was observed compared to NHW patients, an increased mortality was seen among Other Southeast Asians (HR = 1.63; 95% CI, 1.15-2.30). CVD mortality varied across AA ethnicities, with higher mortality observed in Filipino and Other Southeast Asian (HR ranged 1.23-2.40) compared with Chinese patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Large heterogeneity exists in mortality among AA patients diagnosed with urologic cancer, with higher mortality from cancer and CVD observed in Filipino and Other Southeast Asian patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":16921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143605023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health Implications of Colorism: A Narrative Review of the Literature.","authors":"Jasmine Patterson, Karri Grob","doi":"10.1007/s40615-025-02369-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-025-02369-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Colorism, first conceptualized by writer and activist Alice Walker in 1982, is a byproduct of racism that refers to discrimination based on skin tone, hair texture, and facial features. Although less studied than race-based discrimination-which typically involves negative attitudes and unfair treatment of individuals based on their racial identity, usually propagated between racial and ethnic groups-colorism is a critical area of research that provides insight into health disparities occurring within racial and ethnic groups. This narrative literature review assesses the extent to which colorism's impact on global health outcomes has been studied. Skin pigmentation, determined by melanin, evolved as a protective adaption to environments with high levels of ultraviolet radiation. However, skin color is rarely contextualized or applied using its evolutionary meaning; instead, it often serves as a basis for social stratification. Individuals with darker skin tones frequently face discrimination in their healthcare that contributes to significant health disparities, particularly in fields such as dermatology. Additionally, the societal preference for lighter skin has fueled the widespread use of skin-lightening products, which carry serious health risks. The majority of studies examining colorism and health outcomes are concentrated in the United States and Latin America, limiting our ability to accurately assess color-based health disparities in regions such as Asia, Africa, Australia, and Europe. While most existing studies identify skin color as a significant predictor of health, others report no consistent associations. This conflicting evidence signals the need for more comprehensive studies to explore the underlying mechanisms, such as perceived discrimination and socioeconomic status, that influence health outcomes for individuals with darker skin. We also find that current dermatological education does not sufficiently prepare students to diagnose skin conditions in patients with darker skin tones, leading to reduced diagnostic accuracy and worse health outcomes compared to lighter-skinned patients. Finally, we identify the need for more longitudinal studies on the health effects of skin bleaching, and more cross-country comparisons to differentiate between country-specific and universal trends in health outcomes among those who use skin-lightening products.</p>","PeriodicalId":16921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143597161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Do Weapons Screening Programs Reduce Armed Hospital Assault? A Scoping Review of Public Health Principles.","authors":"Carmen Black, Jordyn Williams, Noah Sobel, Nientara Anderson, Selihom Yosief, Sabah Munshi, Nasir Jackson, Alice Shen, Nichole Roxas, Chidinma Okani, Melissa C Funaro, Marco Ramos, Isabella Mendelovici, Emma Lo","doi":"10.1007/s40615-025-02337-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-025-02337-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Healthcare organizations are increasingly piloting weapons screening programs (WSPs) like metal detectors (MDs) to combat rising hospital workplace violence (WPV). This study identifies, analyzes, and concisely reports how the extant body of literature supports the ability of WSPs' to reduce absolute rates of hospital WPV according to public health principles.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched six online databases from July 2023 to December 2024 for full-length papers and abstracts of original research regarding WSPs at public entrances to US hospitals. Study quality and robustness were assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool and the 2010 Melnyk and Fineout-Overholt hierarchy of evidence, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 29 studies were included, and all were nonexperimental designs from academic institutions. Twenty-eight (96.6%) were quantitative descriptive studies, and one was qualitative. All studies ranked within the second lowest tier of experimental robustness with an average quality score of 85.5%. Only two studies directly measured absolute rates of hospital WPV before and after WSP implementation; neither demonstrated objectively lowered rates of WPV. Studies concluding efficacy of WSPs to lower rates of armed hospital WPV are steeped in circular feedback loops anchored in type 1 pseudodisease estimates of prevalence and efficacy where weapons presence is taken for prevalence of armed assault, and weapons removal is taken for reduction of armed assault. Proxy measurements like favorable public opinions and popularity of WSP practice secondarily reinforce extant literatures' conclusions of WSP efficacy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We found no direct evidence that WSPs reduce absolute rates of hospital WPV based on public health principles. The results of our scoping review by no means suggest that armed WPV is an acceptable or negligible risk to hospital patients and providers. Rather, the low baseline prevalence of armed WPV suggests that even if WSPs were supremely reliable at stopping armed perpetrators with criminal intent, overall rates of hospital WPV would still climb because WSPs do not intervene upon the unarmed preponderance of hospital WPV and may inadvertently divert financial resources needed to improve the clinical factors driving those risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":16921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143597162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency of Black and American Indian/Alaskan Native US Residents Screened for Firearm Access.","authors":"Allison E Bond, Taylor R Rodriguez, Gretchen Goldman, Jayna Moceri-Brooks, Daniel C Semenza, Michael D Anestis","doi":"10.1007/s40615-025-02334-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-025-02334-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study evaluates Black and AIAN individuals' self-reported history of being screened for firearm access by healthcare providers, and identifies factors that influence screening.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional, nationally representative survey of included 3015 Black and 527 AIAN adults in the US. Participants were recruited via probability-based sampling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among Black participants, 13.1% and among AIAN participants, 18.4% reported being screened for firearm access. Of the participants who reported being screened, most have been by mental healthcare providers or primary care physicians. Factors associated with higher screening odds in Black adults included history of suicidal ideation or mental health treatment, current firearm access, younger age, and having children at home. For AIAN participants, a lifetime history of mental health treatment or identifying as female increased screening odds.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Black adults report infrequently being screened for firearm access by healthcare providers. Identifying screening barriers and fostering discussions on firearm safety in healthcare settings are important next steps for firearm injury prevention efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":16921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143597249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Explaining Racial and Ethnic Inequities in SARS-CoV-2-Related Outcomes: Results from a Serosurvey in Chicago.","authors":"Christopher A Eyo, Joshua M Schrock, Christina Hayford, Daniel T Ryan, Rana Saber, Nanette Benbow, Michael E Newcomb, Alexis R Demonbreun, Elizabeth M McNally, Richard T D'Aquila, Thomas W McDade, Brian Mustanski","doi":"10.1007/s40615-025-02362-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-025-02362-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Several studies have documented racial and ethnic disparities related to SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 prevalence and associated health outcomes, but the proximal determinants underpinning these disparities remain unclear. Here, we test whether demographics, household composition, occupation type, chronic conditions, health insurance coverage, and neighborhood disadvantage account for racial and ethnic inequities in COVID-19 outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a serosurvey of adults in Chicago, IL (n = 5991) before emergency use authorization for COVID-19 vaccines in December 2020. Participants completed an online survey and provided a dried blood spot (DBS) sample for quantification of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hispanic/Latino and Black participants had greater odds of being seropositive and being diagnosed with COVID-19 compared to White participants. Among seropositive participants, Hispanic/Latino and Black participants had higher antibody concentrations compared to White participants, and Hispanic/Latino participants had higher levels of symptom severity compared to White participants. Adding all variables to the model yielded a statistically significant reduction in the magnitude of Hispanic/Latino vs. White disparities in symptom severity among seropositive participants (Δ = - 59.4%, P = 0.015). We detected spatial clustering of high symptom severity in predominantly Hispanic/Latino neighborhoods and low symptom severity in predominantly White neighborhoods. Multiple inequities remained apparent after adjustment for all covariates.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Household composition, demographics, occupation type, chronic conditions, and neighborhood disadvantage collectively explain a substantial proportion of Hispanic/Latino vs. White inequities in symptom severity, but these factors are not sufficient to explain racial and ethnic inequities in SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity and COVID-19 case rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":16921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143597248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}