Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities最新文献

{"title":"Influence of Medical Mistrust on Prevention Behavior and Decision-Making Among Minoritized Youth and Young Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Gregory Phillips, Jiayi Xu, Alfred Cortez, Michael G Curtis, Caleb Curry, Megan M Ruprecht, Shahin Davoudpour","doi":"10.1007/s40615-024-02118-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40615-024-02118-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Medical mistrust (MM) is seen as a barrier to assessing healthcare needs and addressing health disparities; however, limited literature has focused on assessing MM for vulnerable populations, especially racial/ethnic minority and sexual/gender minority youth and young adults (YYA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between February 2021 and March 2022, we conducted the Youth and Young Adults COVID-19 Study, a prospective cohort of minoritized YYA aged 14 to 24 years (n = 1027), within the United States and its territories. Participants were recruited through a combination of paid social media ads, outreach with organizations serving marginalized youth, and an existing registry, targeting racial and ethnic minority and LGBTQ + youth for a study on COVID-19 health behaviors. Multiple multinomial logistic regression models were developed to examine associations between demographics and three dimensions of MM including healthcare experience, government information, and scientific information.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most participants were between the ages of 18 and 21 years (48.3%), identified as Hispanic (33.3%) or white (22.5%), and bisexual or pansexual (34.3%). Queer YYA had higher odds of reporting worse personal healthcare experiences than their straight peers. The odds of gay/lesbian YYA that reported somewhat or extreme trust in doctor's sources were two times higher than their straight peers. Except for those who identified as Asian, racial/ethnic minority YYA were less likely to report somewhat or extreme trust in the CDC's general information or its COVID-19 data than white YYA. Transgender and gender diverse YYA were more than twice as likely to report being very or extremely influenced by statistics of the dangers of COVID-19 than cisgender YYA.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study indicated the importance of incorporating marginalized identities into the assessment of medical mistrust to better understand YYA's health prevention and treatment behaviors and to develop public health prevention and treatment strategies, especially for minoritized communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":16921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities","volume":" ","pages":"3131-3141"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12370215/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141875183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Loneliness in Resettlement Among Multi-Ethnic Resettled Refugees in Ohio.","authors":"Saruna Ghimire, Isha Karmacharya, Aman Shrestha, Ahmed Danquah, Shuayb Jet Jama, Seleshi Asfaw, Surendra Bir Adhikari","doi":"10.1007/s40615-025-02614-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-025-02614-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study assessed the prevalence and factors associated with loneliness among five resettled communities in Ohio: Afghan, Bhutanese, Congolese, Ethiopi an/Eritrean, and Somali.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional online survey of 572 participants was conducted with the help of local community organizations. Loneliness was measured using the three-item UCLA Loneliness Scale and categorized into two groups: \"not lonely\" and \"lonely.\" The final analytic sample comprised 458 participants. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze key predictors, including healthcare access, mental and physical health, social support, and resilience.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the participants, 29% reported loneliness. Participants with regular access to a doctor were 56% less likely to experience loneliness than those without access [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.29-0.69], while fair/poor self-rated health tripled the experience (aOR = 3.07, 95% CI: 1.42-6.63). Mental health was the strongest predictor, with anxiety increasing the odds of loneliness by over eight times (aOR = 8.43, 95% CI: 4.46-15.93) and depression by more than three times (aOR = 3.53, 95% CI: 1.99-6.26). Experiencing racial discrimination increased the odds of loneliness by 73% (aOR = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.10-2.74). Low resilience quintupled the odds of loneliness (aOR = 5.07, 95% CI: 2.79-9.20), while low social support doubled such odds (aOR = 2.50, 95% CI: 1.04-6.03).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study found a high prevalence of loneliness among adults in resettled communities, which underscores the need to address physical and mental health, healthcare access, and social support. Especially, it is critical to develop and implement culturally tailored interventions to reduce loneliness and improve the well-being of these communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":16921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145199906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical Activity, Blood Pressure, and Community Dining Sites: a Cohort Study of Older Black Adults Who Participate in the Congregate Meal Program.","authors":"Martha Y Kubik, Niloofar Ramezani","doi":"10.1007/s40615-025-02664-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-025-02664-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Hypertension especially systolic hypertension is common in older adulthood and disproportionately affects Black adults. Physical activity (PA) contributes to improved blood pressure (BP) and cardiovascular health. However, opportunities for PA for older adults are often limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used a prospective observational design and data collected fall 2022 (time-1) and spring 2023 (time-2) from Black adults (n = 177) ≥ 60 years-of-age participating in the congregate meal program at community dining sites in Washington DC. Sites included senior centers, park/recreation facilities, and public housing. Measured height/weight/BP and a self-report survey were collected, with PA measured using the 9-item Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity, validated for use in older adults. Chi-square tests compared participant's PA levels by dining site. Hierarchical, repeated-measures linear regression was used to examine the association between PA at time-1 and systolic blood pressure (SBP) at time-2.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most participants were female (78%), lived alone (72%), with 52% reporting ≤ high school education. Mean (SD) age was 75 (8) years. Mean (SD) SBP was 138 (20) mm Hg. Mean (SD) diastolic BP was 70 (11) mm Hg. Most (75%) self-reported hypertension. PA varied by dining site, with lowest rates reported by participants at public housing sites (p < 0.001). PA was inversely related to SBP (Beta -1.01; 95% CI -1.94, -0.09; p = 0.03).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Study findings support the benefit of PA to lower SBP among an older Black adult population and suggest increasing PA programming at community dining sites may be one strategy to improve PA and cardiovascular health. Further study is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":16921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145191820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Discriminatory Policing Affects the Mental Health of Black Americans.","authors":"Alaina M Martine, Marta Elliott","doi":"10.1007/s40615-025-02672-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-025-02672-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this study was to test the association between frequency of exposure to discriminatory police practices and poor mental health among Black Americans and to explore potential moderators of that association. Survey data were collected from 227 Black Americans. The survey measured exposure to negative police behaviors, two dimensions of Black Americans' identity, psychological distress, somatic symptoms, and demographic covariates. The data were analyzed with OLS regression to test the direct effects of police discrimination exposure on distress and somatic symptoms and the potential for moderator effects of two dimensions of racial identity: public and private regard. The analysis found that frequency of exposure to police discrimination was not significantly associated with distress, but it was significantly associated with somatic symptoms, suggesting that Black Americans respond to police discrimination via expressions of physical pain, rather than psychological discontent. Neither dimension of racial identity was directly associated with somatic symptoms, but they both predicted less psychological distress. Private regard did not moderate the association between police discrimination and either outcome, but higher public regard amplified the association between police discrimination and both distress and somatic symptoms. These moderator effects suggest that Black Americans who believe the public holds them in high regard are more sensitive to the negative health effects of police discrimination, perhaps because they are less prepared and more taken aback when treated poorly by the police.</p>","PeriodicalId":16921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145191795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food Insecurity and Chronic Disease Among Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders on the Continent During COVID-19.","authors":"Marla Alohilani Tam-Hoy Barhoum, Maddy Rantala, Meghan Lindell, Pearl McElfish, Eric Lofgren, Denise Dillard, Erin Renee Morgan","doi":"10.1007/s40615-025-02638-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-025-02638-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Financial precarity and food insecurity are strongly associated with poor health outcomes. Recently, the COVID-19 pandemic caused major disruptions to people's livelihoods as well as interrupting supply chains, furthering economic hardship and exacerbating existing inequities. Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander individuals, particularly those living on the continent, were especially impacted by the pandemic. This analysis used data from the Moana: Alternative Surveillance of COVID-19 in a Unique Population study to assess the economic and health correlates of food insecurity. We used the baseline survey data from 295 adult respondents and applied logistic regression to calculate adjusted Odds Ratios (aORs) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs). We used three definitions of food insecurity, including two definitions from the US Department of Agriculture and a third question that queried about food insecurity since the onset of the pandemic. Over half of participants expressed concerns around food security (56.0% worried about food, 52.5% reported food didn't last). Experiencing a reduction in hours due to COVID-19 was positively associated with all measures of food insecurity, while being an essential worker was protective. We also found that people with diagnosed diabetes had higher odds of reporting that food did not last (aOR: 2.12; 95% CI: 1.05-4.41) or experiencing food insecurity since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic (aOR: 2.36; 95% CI: 1.19-4.72). Our findings support the growing body of literature indicating a relationship between food insecurity and cardiometabolic diseases. It also suggests that NH/PI on the continent may benefit from additional, culturally tailored interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":16921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145182063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship Between Adversity Experiences and HIV Status Trajectory of Sexual Partners Among HIV-Negative Young Men Who Have Sex with Men: A Prospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Mengxi Zhai, Shijie Wang, Nuo Li, Jiayu Li, Longhui Zhou, Qiwen Wang, Chenchang Xiao, Yili Li, Bin Yu, Hong Yan","doi":"10.1007/s40615-025-02660-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-025-02660-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The sexual partner's HIV status trajectory of young men who have sex with men (YMSM) has a significant impact on HIV prevention. There are some potential associations between adverse experiences and HIV status trajectories of sexual partners among YMSM. This study aimed to examine the trajectory of HIV status in sexual partners and to investigate effects of adversity experiences on the sexual partner's HIV status trajectories.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Study data (N = 411) were derived from a 5-year YMSM cohort conducted in Central China from 2017 to 2021. The adversity experiences, including adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), sexual minority discrimination, everyday discrimination, and internalized discrimination, were measured at baseline. Other psychosocial variables including resilience and social support were measured at baseline. The HIV status of YMSM partners was examined at baseline and each follow-up survey. The group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) was used to derive trajectories of partners' HIV status, and the multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the association between adversity experiences and the trajectories.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The GBTM categorized the HIV status of YMSM sexual partners into four groups, including Group I (low risk), Group II (risk reduction), Group III (increased risk) and Group IV (high risk). The ACEs among YMSM were associated with a higher risk of their sexual partners being categorized into Group III (OR [95% CI] = 1.353 [1.012, 1.808], p = 0.041) and Group IV (OR [95% CI] = 1.268 [1.023, 1.571], p = 0.030). Among YMSM, older age (OR [95% CI] = 1.245 [1.041, 1.489], p = 0.016) and lower education level (OR [95% CI] = 4.053 [1.710, 9.606], p < 0.001) were associated with a higher risk of their sexual partners being categorized into Group IV. Other adversity experiences and psychosocial variables did not show significant impacts on the trajectories.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ACEs among YMSM exerted a significant impact on the HIV status trajectories of their sexual partners. Our findings underscore that YMSM with a history of ACEs were more likely to have sexual partners in higher-risk HIV status groups, which implies a greater potential for HIV transmission within their sexual networks.</p>","PeriodicalId":16921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145182048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of White and African American Groups Reveals Unique Lipid and Inflammatory Features of Diabetes.","authors":"Gabriela Pacheco Sanchez, Miranda Lopez, Leandro M Velez, Ian Tamburini, Naveena Ujagar, Julio Ayala Angulo, Gabriela De Robles, Hannah Choi, John Arriola, Rubina Kapadia, Alan B Zonderman, Michele K Evans, Cholsoon Jang, Marcus M Seldin, Dequina A Nicholas","doi":"10.1007/s40615-025-02642-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40615-025-02642-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetes is a metabolic and inflammatory disease that disproportionately affects African American populations, yet clinical diagnostics often rely on biomarkers discovered and validated predominantly in White cohorts. This study investigates race-specific lipid and inflammatory features of diabetes to uncover biologically distinct disease signatures that may contribute to disparities in diagnosis and management. We analyzed clinical parameters from a well-matched subset of the HANDLS cohort (N = 40) and conducted targeted plasma lipidomics and multiplex cytokine profiling across African American and White individuals from the HANDLS cohort with and without diabetes. Then we validated key findings using a large and diverse cohort of African American and White individuals with type 2 diabetes from the NIH AllofUs program (N = 17,339). Our results reveal racially divergent signatures of diabetes. White individuals with diabetes exhibited elevated Cholesterol:HDL ratios, triglycerides, and classical inflammatory markers such as hs-CRP. In contrast, African American individuals with diabetes displayed minimal lipid elevations but showed increased Th17-related cytokines1. These differences were independent of statin use, age, and body mass index. Additionally, correlations between lipid to cytokine ratios and the glycemic marker hemoglobin A1C differed sharply by race, suggesting that the pathophysiology of diabetes is not uniform across populations. Our findings challenge standard diabetes biomarkers and emphasize the need for more inclusive diagnostic frameworks. By identifying population-specific biological patterns of diabetes, this study provides important insight into the roots of persistent health disparities and underscores the value of precision approaches to equitable diabetes care.</p>","PeriodicalId":16921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145175615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disparities in Long-Term Mortality Following Bariatric Surgery Between Hispanic and Non-Hispanic White Patients.","authors":"Jaewhan Kim, Joshua Kelley, Emeka Elvis Duru, Ken Smith, Nathan Richards, Ted Adams","doi":"10.1007/s40615-025-02648-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-025-02648-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Limited studies have reported disparities in short-term mortality between race and ethnic groups. Disparities in long-term mortality between Hispanic and non-Hispanic White patients have not been well described. This study compared long-term mortality between Hispanic and non-Hispanic White patients who underwent bariatric surgery from 1979 to 2018. Long-term all-cause, external-caused, and non-external caused mortality between the two groups from 1979 to 2020 were compared.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong> Summary statistics such as mean, standard deviation, and percent were used to present characteristics of patients at baseline. Cox regression was used to identify factors associated with long-term mortality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong> A total of 19,943 surgical patients were included in the analysis, 19% of which were Hispanic. Mean (SD) age at surgery for Hispanic and non-Hispanic White patients were 41(12) and 43(12) years old (p < 0.01), respectively. Hispanic patients had a higher risk of all-cause death than non-Hispanic White patients (14.6% vs. 12.9%, p < 0.01), respectively. The percentage of non-external (11.2% vs. 10.4%) and external causes (3.1% vs. 2.1%) of death was also greater among Hispanics compared to non-Hispanic White patients. Cox regressions showed Hispanic patients had a higher risk of mortality by 39% (all-cause mortality: HR 1.39, p < 0.01), 35% (non-external caused death: HR 1.35, p < 0.01), and 55% (externally caused death: HR 1.55, p < 0.01) than non-Hispanic White patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong> Study results imply disparities in long-term mortality following bariatric surgery between majority and minority patients exist. However, reasons for apparent disparities in long-term mortality are not well defined, suggesting further research is needed to better understand outcome differences.</p>","PeriodicalId":16921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145175798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radical Healing Approaches For Black Maternal Health: A Critical Review.","authors":"Haley M Cooper, Jonisha R Brown, Virginia Gil-Rivas","doi":"10.1007/s40615-025-02639-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-025-02639-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Black birthing people are intrinsically valuable individuals, as well as members of families, organizations, communities, and society. Yet, gendered racism exposes them to unique sources of stress that can accelerate physiological aging, increase risk for adverse health conditions throughout the lifespan, and contribute to preventable morbidity and mortality risk during pregnancy, delivery, and the postpartum period. Existing research focuses on coping strategies Black birthing people can employ to alleviate the effects of stress from gendered racism. While efforts to provide immediate stress relief are essential, interventions to reduce gendered racism in Black birthing people's environments and prevent future stress exposures are necessary to eliminate persistent and severe maternal health disparities. This critical narrative literature review applies a psychological framework of radical healing (French et al., 2020) to explore the relationship between resistance strategies and factors associated with maternal health. Specifically, this paper synthesizes evidence about strategies to empower Black birthing people and their communities with strength to resist gendered racism at internalized, interpersonal, and institutional levels. It also explores opportunities for organizations and institutions to combat gendered racism and promote equitable maternal health outcomes. Implications for future research, practice, and policy are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":16921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145149611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Cancer Mortality and Mediating Effects of Sociodemographic, Clinicopathologic, and Treatment Factors.","authors":"Olajumoke A Olateju, Hassan E Arekemase, Hemalkumar B Mehta, Ahizechukwu C Eke, Chan Shen, J Douglas Thornton","doi":"10.1007/s40615-025-02634-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-025-02634-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To evaluate the associations between race/ethnicity and cancer-specific and all-cause mortality and to explore potential mediating factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We identified patients diagnosed with lung (22,866), colorectal (13,382), melanoma (6894), prostate (22,922), and breast (133,366) cancers between 2010 and 2019 from the Texas Cancer Registry. Differences in mortality risk among non-Hispanic Blacks, Asian American/Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islanders (AANHPI), and Hispanics compared to non-Hispanic Whites were estimated using Cox proportional hazard and restricted mean survival time analyses. Mediation analysis was conducted to quantify the contributions of socioeconomic, clinicopathologic, and treatment-related factors to observed mortality differences.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Racial/ethnic disparities in survival were observed across all cancers, with the smallest disparity for lung cancer and the largest for melanoma and breast cancer. In age-and-sex-adjusted models, Blacks had higher mortality risks for all cancers observed. Hispanics showed higher mortality risks for non-small cell lung cancer, melanoma, and breast cancer, while AANHPIs had lower mortality risks for lung and breast cancer. After adjusting for demographic, clinical, and treatment factors, Blacks still had significantly higher mortality risks for melanoma (HR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.49-1.70) and breast cancer (HR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.09-1.30). Socioeconomic and clinicopathologic factors were major mediators of racial/ethnic disparities, accounting for 56.71% of the difference in melanoma mortality and 54.10% in breast cancer mortality between Blacks and Whites.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Racial/ethnic disparities in cancer outcomes persist, particularly for melanoma and breast cancer among Black patients. Interventions promoting equity in cancer outcomes should be tailored by cancer type and take a multidisciplinary approach, integrating both social and biological factors to address disparities effectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":16921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145137828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}