Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities最新文献

{"title":"Representation Matters: Content Analysis of Breastfeeding Images in a Commercial Stock Image Bank.","authors":"Lauren M Dinour, Melanie Shefchik","doi":"10.1007/s40615-024-01910-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40615-024-01910-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several behavioral change theories posit that normative influences contribute to breastfeeding behaviors and disparities. Given that media has historically presented a narrow view of what is deemed normative in human milk feeding, this study describes who and what is represented in breastfeeding images available in a stock image bank, and whether differences exist based on the breastfeeding parent's skin color. Using content analysis, the most relevant 2% (n = 2284) of breastfeeding and lactation images in Adobe Stock were coded for 60 variables within 12 categories, such as skin color, ability, setting, skin exposure, etc. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the sample, and the Chi-square test of independence and Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare images of breastfeeding parents with light and non-light skin color. Most images portrayed breastfeeding parents and breastfed children with light colored skin, only one child, an infant-aged child, and no other person. Scant images included accessories considered non-normative. Light skin parents were more frequently depicted with a wedding ring compared to non-light skin parents. Non-light skin parents were more often photographed outdoors compared to light skin parents. Images of light skin parents more frequently showed breast skin, whereas images of non-light skin parents more often showed nipple and/or areola skin. The paucity of diverse people and portrayals of breastfeeding in many ways mirror, and may even perpetuate, societal breastfeeding challenges and inequities. These findings highlight an immediate need for an expanded library of images showcasing a wider variety of breastfeeding experiences.</p>","PeriodicalId":16921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities","volume":" ","pages":"703-718"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11913950/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139575979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Jerusalem's CoVID-19 Experience-The Effect of Ethnicity on Disease Prevalence and Adherence to Testing.","authors":"Michael Sorotzky, Allon Raphael, Adin Breuer, Ma'aran Odeh, Roni Gillis, Michal Gillis, Roaia Shibli, Judith Fiszlinski, Nurit Algur, Sophie Magen, Orli Megged, Yechiel Schlesinger, Joseph Mendelovich, Giora Weiser, Elihay Berliner, Yuval Barak-Corren, Eyal Heiman","doi":"10.1007/s40615-024-01965-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40615-024-01965-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The management of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic depends amongst other factors on disease prevalence in the general population. The gap between the true rate of infection and the detected rate of infection may vary, especially between sub-groups of the population. Identifying subpopulations with high rates of undetected infection can guide authorities to direct resource distribution in order to improve health equity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional epidemiological survey was conducted between April and July 2021 in the Pediatric Emergency Department of the Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel. We compared three categories: unconfirmed disease (UD), positive serology test result with no history of positive PCR; confirmed disease (CD), history of a positive PCR test result, regardless of serology test result; and no disease (ND), negative serology and no history of PCR. These categories were applied to local prevailing subpopulations: ultra-orthodox Jews (UO), National Religious Jews (NRJ), secular Jews (SJ), and Muslim Arabs (MA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Comparing the different subpopulations groups, MAs and UOs had the greatest rate of confirmed or unconfirmed disease. MA had the highest rate of UD and UO had the highest rate of CD. UD significantly correlated with ethnicity, with a low prevalence in NRJ and SJ. UD was also associated with larger family size and housing density defined as family size per number of rooms.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the effect of ethnicity on disease burden. These findings should serve to heighten awareness to disease burden in weaker populations and direct a suitable prevention program to each subpopulation's needs. Early awareness and possible intervention may lower morbidity and mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":16921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities","volume":" ","pages":"1315-1322"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140059716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rural Native Veterans' Perceptions of Care in the Context of Navigator Program Development.","authors":"Lori L Jervis, Keith Kleszynski, Gloria TallBull, Olivia Porter, Jay Shore, Byron Bair, Spero Manson, Carol E Kaufman","doi":"10.1007/s40615-024-01955-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40615-024-01955-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>American Indian and Alaska Natives serve in the military at one of the highest rates of all racial and ethnic groups. For Veterans, the already significant healthcare disparities Natives experience are aggravated by barriers to accessing care, care navigation, and coordination of health care within the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) between the VHA and tribal health systems. To mitigate these barriers, the VHA is developing a patient navigation program designed specifically for rural Native Veterans. We describe formative work aimed at understanding and addressing barriers to VHA care from the perspective of rural Native Veterans and those who facilitate their care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-four individuals participated in semi-structured interviews (22 Veterans, 6 family members, and 6 Veteran advocates) drawn from 9 tribal communities across the US.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants described many barriers to using the VHA, including perceptions of care scarcity, long travel distances to the VHA, high travel costs, and bureaucratic barriers including poor customer service, scheduling issues, and long waits for appointments. Many Veterans preferred IHS/tribal health care over the VHA due to its proximity, simplicity, ease of use, and quality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Rural Native Veterans must see a clear benefit to using the VHA given the many obstacles to its use. Veteran recommendations for addressing barriers to VHA care within a navigation program include assistance enrolling in, scheduling, and navigating VHA systems; paperwork assistance; cost reimbursement; and care coordination with the IHS/tribal health care.</p>","PeriodicalId":16921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities","volume":" ","pages":"1216-1227"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140158377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Breastfeeding Barriers on Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Breastfeeding Outcomes in North Dakota.","authors":"Anna Ross, Cora MacPherson, Lannesse Baker, Soojung Kim, Grace Njau, Andrew D Williams","doi":"10.1007/s40615-024-01943-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40615-024-01943-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for the first 6 months of life, but there are racial/ethnic disparities in meeting this recommendation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>2017-2020 North Dakota Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (weighted N = 11,754) data were used to examine racial/ethnic differences in the association between self-reported breastfeeding barriers and breastfeeding duration. Breastfeeding duration was self-reported breastfeeding at 2 and 4 months, and number of weeks until breastfeeding cessation. Self-reported breastfeeding barriers were yes/no responses to 13 barriers (e.g., \"difficulty latching,\" \"household duties\"). Logistic regression estimated odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals to determine if barriers accounted for breastfeeding disparities by race/ethnicity. Cox proportional hazard models estimated hazard ratios for stopping breastfeeding for American Indian and other race/ethnicity individuals, compared to White individuals. Models were adjusted for birthing parents' demographic and medical factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Logistic regression results suggest American Indian birthing parents had similar odds for breastfeeding duration (2-month duration: OR 0.94 (95%CI 0.50, 1.77); 4-month duration: OR 1.24 (95%CI 0.43, 3.62)) compared to White birthing parents, after accounting for breastfeeding barriers. Cox proportional hazard models suggest American Indian birthing parents had a lower hazard of stopping breastfeeding (HR 0.76 (95%CI 0.57, 0.99)) than White parents, after accounting for breastfeeding barriers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Accounting for breastfeeding barriers eliminated observed disparities in breastfeeding outcomes between American Indian and White birthing parents. Targeted and culturally safe efforts to reduce barriers to breastfeeding are warranted to reduce racial/ethnic disparities in breastfeeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":16921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities","volume":" ","pages":"1063-1072"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11913940/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139931663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Making Oneself \"Fit\": Community Perspectives on Disaggregated Race and Ethnicity Data Collection and Reporting in Healthcare Settings.","authors":"Farah Kader, Luisa Cárdenas, Matthew Lee, Perla Chebli, Lan N Ðoàn, Alexandra Kamler, Stella S Yi, Maya Scherer","doi":"10.1007/s40615-024-01946-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40615-024-01946-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Patient race/ethnicity data collection in most U.S. health systems abide by federal standards, determined by the federal Office of Management and Budget. Yet, decades of research show that reliance on these categories alone limits understanding of within-group health disparities, systematically erasing key groups from health data. Because granular race/ethnicity data is complex and patients may be hesitant to disclose this personal information, it is important for health leaders to consider community perspectives when making decisions about race/ethnicity data procedures. As such, this study uses community focus groups to understand: (1) how individuals representing different racial/ethnic identities perceive the collection of race/ethnicity in healthcare settings; (2) differences in opinions between disaggregated race/ethnicity data collection instruments and those using federal standards; and (3) recommended practices for collecting race/ethnicity from patients. Participants self-selected into 13 focus groups and one key informant interview based on the race/ethnicity with which they most closely identified. Audio recordings from these groups were transcribed and evaluated using thematic content analysis. Among the 83 total participants in this study, there was a strong preference for more flexible and specific options for self-identifying race/ethnicity in healthcare settings. Participants also felt comfortable disclosing granular race/ethnicity to health providers but expressed discomfort with disclosing this information for other purposes. Recommendations for healthcare leaders include ensuring patients receive detailed communication about race/ethnicity data use and purpose, allowing multiple category selection, keeping the list of disaggregated response options short so as to not overwhelm patients, and providing a free text option to ensure inclusivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":16921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities","volume":" ","pages":"1112-1123"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139972276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender and Racialization Status of Medical Eponym Namesakes: Cross-sectional Study.","authors":"Nishaant Bhambra, Sarah Waicus, Navindra Persaud","doi":"10.1007/s40615-024-01961-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40615-024-01961-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Many medical eponyms were established when women and racialized individuals were excluded from medicine. The objective of this study was to determine the gender and racialization status of individuals whose names are incorporated in medical eponyms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study is a cross-sectional analysis of gender and racialization of medical eponym namesakes. The main outcome measures were the study of gender and racialization of medical eponym namesakes found in Whonamedit, Mosby's Medical Dictionary, and the International Classification of Diseases (version 10). The gender and whether the individual was a racialized person were determined using pictures and other available information.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 3484 unique eponyms. White men represented the majority of medical eponym namesakes (2190 of 2327, 94.1%) followed by white women (85 of 2327, 3.7%), racialized men (49 of 2327, 2.1%), and racialized women (3 of 2327, 0.1%). In the ICD-10 sub-analysis, white men represented the majority of medical eponym namesakes (476 of 514, 92.6%) followed by white women (22 of 514, 4.3%), racialized men (14 of 514, 2.7%), and racialized women (2 of 514, 0.4%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Most medical eponyms represent men and white individuals, highlighting the underrepresentation of women and racialized individuals. This indicates a need to re-examine the ongoing use of medical eponyms which may entrench sexism and racism in medicine and contribute to an environment that makes some feel unwelcome or undervalued.</p>","PeriodicalId":16921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities","volume":" ","pages":"1298-1303"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140022077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are There Regional Differences in Mental Health among Black Americans? An Exploration of Explanatory Mechanisms.","authors":"Lacee A Satcher, Christy L Erving, Richard N Pitt","doi":"10.1007/s40615-024-01969-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40615-024-01969-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Using data from the National Survey of American Life (NSAL) (2001-2003), we examine regional differences in past-year anxiety disorder and past-year major depressive episodes among a geographically diverse sample of Black Americans (N = 3,672). We find that Black Americans residing in the South experience a mental health advantage over Black Americans living in other parts of the country, experiencing lower rates of both anxiety disorder and past-year major depression. We also examine the extent to which stress exposure, religious involvement, and neighborhood contexts help explain any regional differences. We find that stress exposure helps to explain much of the differences observed across regions, while religious involvement and neighborhood contexts help explain observed regional differences to a lesser extent. These findings highlight the importance of considering regional contexts in understanding intra-racial differences in mental health.</p>","PeriodicalId":16921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities","volume":" ","pages":"1357-1372"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140101807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Home Language Use on the Association Between Parent Education and Child Adiposity in Latino Families.","authors":"Carina Alvarado, Selena T Nguyen-Rodriguez, Gail C Frank, Melawhy Garcia, Natalia Gatdula","doi":"10.1007/s40615-024-01935-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40615-024-01935-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Parent education and language use are associated with child obesity, but the impact of their interaction is less known. This study assessed whether parent education was associated with child adiposity and if this association was moderated by home language use in Latino families.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants (n = 415) were Latino families from the Long Beach area. Demographic data were obtained by self-report parent surveys, and children's body size was objectively assessed via bioelectric impedance. Independent t-tests and hierarchical linear regressions were performed on baseline data from a larger intervention study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the overall sample, parent education and child body mass index (BMI) percentile were not related (p = .050). However, stratification by home language use revealed that parent education was inversely associated with child BMI percentile among those whose primary home language was Spanish (p = .049), but not English/bilingual homes (p = .296). There were no significant associations with child percent body fat.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Higher education was associated with a lower BMI percentile only in Spanish-speaking homes. Research to understand how home language influences this relationship is warranted, particularly as it relates to a subset of education and health literacy. Significant results with BMI percentile but not percent body fat highlight the fact that these distinct markers of obesity are not interchangeable.</p>","PeriodicalId":16921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities","volume":" ","pages":"989-996"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11875450/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139912910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Associated with the Awareness of and Willingness to Use HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Among Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men, Baltimore, MD, 2017-2019.","authors":"Hope King, Nicole Thornton, Kimberly N Evans, Yomi Tadfor, Danielle German, Colin Flynn, Jacky Jennings, Errol L Fields","doi":"10.1007/s40615-024-01954-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40615-024-01954-w","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective tool in protecting persons from acquiring HIV infection through sex or injection drug use. However, awareness and willingness to use PrEP among Black gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (BMSM) remain suboptimal compared to White MSM (WMSM) in the United States. Our aims were to (1) assess the factors associated with PrEP awareness and willingness to use PrEP among MSM and (2) compare the PrEP perceptions among BMSM versus non-Black MSM. Data were drawn from two cross-sectional behavioral surveys in Baltimore, MD: Behavioral Surveillance Research (BESURE) conducted in 2017, and Safe Spaces 4 Sexual Health (SS4SH), conducted in 2018 and 2019. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the study population. We used Poisson regression models to identify variables associated with awareness of PrEP and willingness to use PrEP. PrEP perceptions were assessed via 13 items scored on a 5-point Likert scale. Finally, we conducted a post-hoc exploratory bivariate analysis of the relationship between PrEP perception and willingness to use PrEP, stratified by race/ethnicity. A total of 261 MSM participated in this study. Many of the participants were aware of PrEP (75.1%). Factors associated with greater PrEP awareness included having greater than a high school education (aRR 1.22, 95% CI 1.04, 1.43); and earning more than $25,000 annually (aRR 1.24, 95% CI 1.08, 1.42). Participants who had received money in exchange for sex one or more times were less likely to be aware of PrEP (aRR 0.59, 95% CI 0.36, 0.95). More than half of the participants were willing to use PrEP (55.3%). In bivariate and multivariable analyses, demographic or behavioral characteristics were not significantly associated with willingness to use PrEP. Higher agreement with the following statements was associated with lower willingness to use PrEP: \"Having to take a pill every day is difficult\" (RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.82-0.97) and, \"I am concerned about the side effects of PrEP\" (RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.82-0.96), and \"PrEP is for people who have riskier sex lives than I do\" (RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.78-0.95). Conversely, higher willingness to use PrEP was associated with comfortable having sex without a condom (RR 1.11, 95% CI 1.02-1.21), less anxious about sex (RR 1.12, 95% CI 1.02-1.24), and my friends think that I should take PrEP (RR 1.19, 95% CI 1.07-1.32). We found BMSM compared to non-Black MSM had higher mean scores related to taking a daily pill (p = 0.041), concerns about side effects (p = 0.012), concerns about people thinking they had HIV (p = 0.001), concerns about the financial costs of PrEP (p = 0.038) and caution when dealing with healthcare organizations/medical mistrust (p = 0.019). Perceptions with a statistically significant lower score among BMSM versus non-Black MSM included statements such as, comfortable having sex without a condom (p = 0.003) and less anxious about sex (p &lt; 0.001). We conclude HIV prevention strat","PeriodicalId":16921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities","volume":" ","pages":"1202-1215"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11371943/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140022076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is Primary Care Patient Experience Associated with Provider-Patient Language Concordance and Use of Interpreters for Spanish-preferring Patients: A Systematic Literature Review.","authors":"Denise D Quigley, Nabeel Qureshi, Zachary Predmore, Yareliz Diaz, Ron D Hays","doi":"10.1007/s40615-024-01951-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40615-024-01951-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Healthcare provided by a bilingual provider or with the assistance of an interpreter improves care quality; however, their associations with patient experience are unknown. We reviewed associations of patient experience with provider-patient language concordance (LC) and use of interpreters for Spanish-preferring patients.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We reviewed articles from academic databases 2005-2023 following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and Joanna Briggs Institute Checklists to rate study quality. We reviewed 217 (of 2193) articles, yielding 17 for inclusion.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 17 included articles, most articles focused on primary (n = 6 studies) or pediatric care (n = 5). All were cross-sectional, collecting data by self-administered surveys (n = 7) or interviews (n = 4). Most assessed the relationship between LC or interpreter use and patient experience by cross-sectional associations (n = 13). Two compared subgroups, and two provided descriptive insights into the conversational content (provider-interpreter-patient). None evaluated interventions, so evidence on effective strategies is lacking. LC for Spanish-preferring patients was a mix of null findings (n = 4) and associations with better patient experience (n = 3) (e.g., receiving diet/exercise counseling and better provider communication). Evidence on interpreter use indicated better (n = 2), worse (n = 2), and no association (n = 2) with patient experience. Associations between Spanish-language preference and patient experience were not significant (n = 5) or indicated worse experience (n = 4) (e.g., long waits, problems getting appointments, and not understanding nurses).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>LC is associated with better patient experience. Using interpreters is associated with better patient experience but only with high-quality interpreters. Strategies are needed to eliminate disparities and enhance communication for all Spanish-preferring primary care patients, whether with a bilingual provider or an interpreter.</p>","PeriodicalId":16921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities","volume":" ","pages":"1170-1183"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11374925/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140028277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}