Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities最新文献

{"title":"Public Controversy and Community Voices: A Culture-Centered Examination of the Federal Drug Administration's Approval of BiDil from the Perspective of African American-Led Organizations.","authors":"Sean J Upshaw, DeLawnia Comer-HaGans","doi":"10.1007/s40615-025-02673-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-025-02673-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study examines how African American-led organizations leveraged BiDil (hydralazine-isosorbide dinitrate, HYD/ISDN)'s promotional messaging to highlight broader structural barriers in healthcare following the FDA's approval of the drug as the first race-based heart failure treatment for African Americans. Using a textual analysis guided by the culture-centered approach (CCA), this study analyzes advocacy narratives from organizations such as the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and the Association of Black Cardiologists (ABC) to explore how promotional messaging extends beyond HYD/ISDN to expose deeper economic, systemic, and ethical challenges in US healthcare. The findings reveal three major themes: (1) Framing HYD/ISDN as a Milestone in Racial Health Equity, (2) Addressing Historical Mistrust Through Advocacy and Medical-Cultural Innovation, and (3) Structural and Economic Barriers in Healthcare Access. These themes illustrate how HYD/ISDN's approval was both a symbol of racial progress and a point of contention, reinforcing debates about racialized medicine, affordability, and systemic bias in clinical research. The study concludes that while HYD/ISDN's promotional messaging helped raise awareness of racial health disparities, true health equity requires structural reforms in drug accessibility, research participation, and culturally centered care.</p>","PeriodicalId":16921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145213066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Triple-Negative Breast Cancer, Recurrence, and Survival Outcomes in Young Black Women.","authors":"Regina Matar-Ujvary, Sara P Myers, Simran Malhotra, Varadan Sevilimedu, Mary L Gemignani","doi":"10.1007/s40615-025-02630-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-025-02630-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for 40-50% of breast cancers in young Black women. Black women have an increased risk of death due to TNBC than White women; whether age contributes to worse outcomes in the setting of a high-risk tumor subtype is unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Our retrospective review of an institutional database identified Black women with operable TNBC from 2005 to 2020. Clinicopathologic, treatment, and outcome variables in women aged < 40 (young adults [YAs] cohort) were compared to those ≥ 40 years using Cox proportional hazard models. Kaplan-Meier method estimated overall survival (OS) and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 397 Black women with a median age of 55 (range 23-88); 39 (9.8%) were < 40 and 358 (90.2%) were ≥ 40. The YA cohort were more likely to have a BRCA mutation and present with a physical finding and more advanced clinical stage (all p < 0.01). Compared with women ≥ 40 years, those < 40 were more likely to receive mastectomy (61.5% vs. 31.3%; p < 0.001) and neoadjuvant chemotherapy (46.2% vs. 26.7%; p = 0.05), and not receive adjuvant radiotherapy (35.9% vs. 18.8%; p = 0.008). At a median follow-up of 6.2 years, the 5-year OS and BCSS rates were 81.2% and 84.0% in women < 40 years old, and 80.9% and 85.3% in those ≥ 40 (p = 0.45 and p = 0.75, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Young age at diagnosis in Black women with TNBC was not an independent predictor of locoregional recurrence, distant recurrence, OS, or BCSS despite being associated with higher stage of disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":16921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145206629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health Equity and Access to COVID-19 Treatments Available through Emergency Use Authorizations.","authors":"Candon Johnson, Carolyn Wolff, Jing Xu","doi":"10.1007/s40615-024-02094-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40615-024-02094-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding and evaluating equity in access to care is a critical component to ensuring health equity for all individuals. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration made unprecedented use of its regulatory authority by authorizing the use of unapproved products through Emergency Use Authorizations (EUAs). We use data from the U.S. National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C) to understand how access to therapeutic products authorized under EUAs has varied across COVID-19 patients and over time. We find that Black patients were more likely to receive early EUA drugs while White patients were more likely to receive monoclonal antibodies. Male patients were more likely to receive any EUA drug than Female patients. Patients in Metropolitan areas were more likely to receive EUA drugs than patients in other regions. Additionally, differences in the rates of exposure to EUA drugs by gender, rural-urban classification, and length of stay decreased over time while differences by race and ethnicity have generally persisted. Our project identifies inequities in the rate of access to EUA drugs across patient groups that can inform policy makers in future planning and decision making.</p>","PeriodicalId":16921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities","volume":" ","pages":"2862-2870"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12446396/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141748401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Racial/Ethnic Differences in the Age-Varying Association Between Adherence to 8-5-2-1-0 Guidelines in Adolescents with High BMI.","authors":"Marie-Rachelle Narcisse, Monica L Wang, Fatima C Stanford, Aviva G Schwarz, Pearl A McElfish","doi":"10.1007/s40615-024-02102-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40615-024-02102-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To examine the association between adherence to sleep, dietary, screen time, and physical activity (PA) (8-5-2-1-0) guidelines and risk of high body mass index (BMI ≥ 85 percentile) among U.S. adolescents and to assess for racial inequities and age-varying effects in these associations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from the 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System survey were used to conduct multivariable logistic regression models and moderation analysis by race/ethnicity and age using time-varying varying effect models (TVEM) and estimate associations of interest.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 13,518 adolescents aged ≥ 14 years, only 0.5% met all guidelines. Adolescents adhering to sleep guidelines had a 21% reduction in their odds of having a high BMI (OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.67-0.93). Those adhering to PA guidelines had a 34% reduction in their odds of having a high BMI (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.56-0.79), and those adhering to screen time guidelines had a 17% reduction in their odds of having a high BMI (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.72-0.95). TVEM showed associations between adherence to sleep and screen time guidelines with high BMI fluctuate and are at specific ages. TVEM revealed substantial racial/ethnic differences in the age-varying association between adherence to 8-5-2-1-0 guidelines and high BMI throughout adolescence.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Associations between adherence to sleep and screen time guidelines and high BMI fluctuate with age, highlighting the need for nuanced interventions targeting 24-h movement guidelines (sleep, PA, and screen time) across adolescence, particularly given racial/ethnic disparities.</p>","PeriodicalId":16921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities","volume":" ","pages":"2933-2950"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11873177/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142126054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural Racism and HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Use in the Nationwide US: A County-Level Analysis.","authors":"Fanghui Shi, Tianyue Mi, Xiaoming Li, Huan Ning, Zhenlong Li, Xueying Yang","doi":"10.1007/s40615-024-02127-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40615-024-02127-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Structural racism contributes to geographical inequalities in pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) coverage in the United States (US). This study aims to investigate county-level variability in PrEP utilization across diverse dimensions of structural racism.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The 2013-2021 nationwide county-level PrEP rate and PrEP-to-need ratio (PNR) data were retrieved from AIDSVu. PrEP rate was defined as the number of PrEP users per 100,000 population, and PNR was defined as the ratio of PrEP users to new HIV diagnoses per calendar year. Linear mixed effect regression was employed to identify associations of county-level structural racism (e.g., structural racism in housing and socioeconomic status) with PrEP rate and PNR on a nationwide scale of the US.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 2013 to 2021, the mean PrEP rate and PNR increased from 3.62 to 71.10 and from 0.39 to 10.20, respectively. Counties with more structural racism in housing were more likely to have low PrEP rates (adjusted β =  - 5.80, 95% CI [- 8.84, - 2.75]). Higher PNR was found in counties with lower structural racism in socioeconomic status (adjusted β =  - 2.64, 95% CI [- 3.68, - 1.61]). Regionally, compared to the Midwest region, counties in the West region were more likely to have higher PrEP rate (adjusted β = 30.99, 95% CI [22.19, 39.80]), and counties in the South had lower PNR (adjusted β =  - 1.87, 95% CI [- 2.57, - 1.17]).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>County-level structural racism plays a crucial role in understanding the challenges of scaling up PrEP coverage. The findings underscore the importance of tailored strategies across different regions and provide valuable insights for future interventions to optimize PrEP implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":16921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities","volume":" ","pages":"3233-3239"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11822042/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141975955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Race/Ethnicity Affects Access and Survival Differences After Neoadjuvant or Adjuvant Chemotherapy at Radical Cystectomy in Urothelial Carcinoma Patients.","authors":"Mario de Angelis, Letizia Maria Ippolita Jannello, Carolin Siech, Francesco Di Bello, Natali Rodriguez Peñaranda, Jordan A Goyal, Zhe Tian, Nicola Longo, Ottavio de Cobelli, Felix K H Chun, Stefano Puliatti, Fred Saad, Shahrokh F Shariat, Giorgio Gandaglia, Marco Moschini, Francesco Montorsi, Alberto Briganti, Pierre I Karakiewicz","doi":"10.1007/s40615-024-02131-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40615-024-02131-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>It is unknown whether race/ethnicity affects access and/or survival after neoadjuvant (NAC) or adjuvant chemotherapy (ADJ) at radical cystectomy (RC). We addressed these knowledge gaps.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Within the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (2007-2020), we identified NAC candidates (T2-T4N0M0) and ADJ candidates (T3-T4 and/or N1-3). We focused on the four most prevalent race/ethnicities: Caucasians, Hispanics, African American (AA), and Asian/Pacific Islanders (API). Multivariable logistic regression models (MLR) tested access to NAC and ADJ. Subsequently, within NAC-exposed patients, survival analyses consisting of Kaplan-Meier plots and multivariable Cox regression models addressed CSM according to race/ethnicity were fitted. We repeated the same methodology in ADJ-exposed patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 6418 NAC candidates, NAC was administered in 1011 (19.0%) Caucasians, 88 (21.0%) Hispanics, 65 (17.0%) AA, and 53 (18.0%) API. In MLR, AA exhibited lower access rates to NAC (OR 0.83, p = 0.04). In NAC-exposed patients, AA independently predicted higher CSM (HR 1.3, p < 0.001) and API independently predicted lower CSM (HR 0.83, p = 0.03). Similarly, in 5195 ADJ candidates, ADJ was administered to 1387 (33.0%) Caucasians, 100 (28.0%) Hispanics, 105 (29.0%) AA, and 90 (37.0%) API. In MLR, AA (OR 68, p = 0.003) and Hispanics (OR 0.69, p = 0.004) exhibited lower access rates to ADJ. In ADJ-exposed patients, AA independently predicted lower CSM (HR 1.32, p < 0.001), while API showed better CSM (HR 0.82, p = 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Relative to Caucasians, AA are less likely to receive either NAC or ADJ. Moreover, relative to Caucasians, AA exhibit higher CSM even when treated with either NAC or ADJ.</p>","PeriodicalId":16921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities","volume":" ","pages":"3284-3293"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142004496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Race, Ethnicity, and Gender Differences in Patient Reported Well-Being and Cognitive Functioning Within 3 Months of Symptomatic Illness During COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Mandy J Hill, Ryan M Huebinger, Imtiaz Ebna Mannan, Huihui Yu, Lauren E Wisk, Kelli N O'Laughlin, Nicole L Gentile, Kari A Stephens, Michael Gottlieb, Robert A Weinstein, Katherine Koo, Michelle Santangelo, Sharon Saydah, Erica S Spatz, Zhenqiu Lin, Kevin Schaeffer, Efrat Kean, Juan Carlos C Montoy, Robert M Rodriguez, Ahamed H Idris, Samuel McDonald, Joann G Elmore, Arjun Venkatesh","doi":"10.1007/s40615-024-02124-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40615-024-02124-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Differences in acute COVID-19 associated morbidity based on race, ethnicity, and gender have been well described; however, less is known about differences in subsequent longer term health-related quality of life and well-being.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective cohort study included symptomatic adults tested for SARS-CoV-2 who completed baseline and 3-month follow-up surveys. Using the PROMIS-29 tool, a validated measure of health and well-being, we compared outcomes at 3 months and change in outcomes from baseline to 3 months among groups with different races, ethnicities, and/or sexes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 6044 participants, 4113 (3202 COVID +) were included. Among COVID + participants, compared to non-Hispanic White participants, Black participants had better PROMIS T-scores for cognitive function (3.6 [1.1, 6.2]) and fatigue (- 4.3 [- 6.6, - 2.0]) at 3 months and experienced more improvement in fatigue over 3 months (- 2.7 [- 4.7, - 0.8]). At 3 months, compared with males, females had worse PROMIS T-scores for cognitive function (- 4.1 [- 5.6, - 2.6]), physical function (- 2.1 [- 3.1, - 1.0]), social participation (- 2.8 [- 4.2, - 1.5]), anxiety (2.8 [1.5, 4.1]), fatigue (5.1 [3.7, 6.4]), and pain interference (2.0 [0.9, 3.2]). Females experienced less improvement in fatigue over 3 months (3.1 [2.0, 4.3]). Transgender/non-binary/other gender participants had worse 3-month scores in all domains except for sleep disturbance and pain interference.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Three months after the initial COVID-19 infection, Black participants reported better cognitive function and fatigue, while females and other gender minoritized groups experienced lower well-being. Future studies are necessary to better understand how and why social constructs, specifically race, ethnicity, and gender, influence differences in COVID-19-related health outcomes. Trials Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04610515.</p>","PeriodicalId":16921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities","volume":" ","pages":"3192-3209"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11891493/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142017859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depressive Symptoms Affect Cognitive Functioning from Middle to Late Adulthood: Ethnoracial Minorities Experience Greater Repercussions.","authors":"Michael J Persin, Ameanté Payen, James R Bateman, Maria G Alessi, Brittany C Price, Jeanette M Bennett","doi":"10.1007/s40615-024-02121-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40615-024-02121-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cognitive deficits, a diagnostic criterion for depressive disorders, may precede or follow the development of depressive symptoms and major depressive disorder. However, an individual can report an increase in depressive symptoms without any change in cognitive functioning. While ethnoracial minority group differences exist, little is known to date about how the relationship between depressive symptoms and cognitive function may differ by ethnoracial minority status. Utilizing data from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study waves II (M2) and III (M3), this study examines the relationship between depressive symptoms and cognitive functioning concurrently and longitudinally in community-dwelling adults, as well as whether the results differed by ethnoracial minority status. Our participants included 910 adults (43.8% male, 80.8% White, 54.4 ± 11.5 years old at M2). Cross-sectionally, depressive symptoms, ethnoracial minority status, and their interaction had significant effects on cognitive function, consistent with previous investigations. Longitudinally, higher M2 depressive symptoms predicted poorer cognitive function at M3 over and above M2 cognitive functioning, but only within the ethnoracial minority sample. Our finding suggests that depressive symptoms predict cognitive functioning both concurrently and across time, and this relationship is moderated by ethnoracial identity, resulting in greater cognitive deficits among ethnoracial minority groups compared to their non-Hispanic White counterparts.</p>","PeriodicalId":16921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities","volume":" ","pages":"3166-3176"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12446102/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141982516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Life as We Knew It\": Continued Challenges in Getting Up-to-Date COVID-19 Vaccinations Amongst Black and Latinx Michigan Residents.","authors":"Fernanda L Cross, Ana Patricia Esqueda, C P Ku, Rebecca Hunt, Joel Lucio, Charles E Williams, Sarah Bailey, Susie Williamson, Erica E Marsh, Kenneth Resnicow","doi":"10.1007/s40615-024-02157-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40615-024-02157-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Minority communities are disproportionately impacted by COVID-19. In Michigan in 2024, 59% of Latinx residents, 46% of Black residents, and 57% of White residents have received at least one dose of the vaccine. However, just 7% of Black residents and 6% of Latinx residents report being up-to-date per CDC definition, versus 13% of White residents. Drawing from protection motivation theory, we aimed to identify barriers to COVID-19 vaccination.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Interviews with 24 Black and 10 Latinx Michigan residents self-reported as not up-to-date (n = 15) or up-to-date (n = 19) on COVID-19 vaccines were conducted in 2022-2023. We used a community-based participatory approach in collaboration with 16 leaders from 15 organizations to develop research questions, interview protocols, and methods for data collection and analysis. Thematic coding of interviews was conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Findings indicate participants' lack of confidence in the COVID-19 vaccine's efficacy, with those not up-to-date expressing greater doubt. Participants were also concerned about vaccine benefits versus risks, safety, and side effects. Distrust in medicine, confusion about public health guidelines, and conspiracy theories were often reported. Younger unvaccinated individuals cited low health risk as reason to remain unvaccinated. Many participants felt that health education, especially through medical professionals, was beneficial.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is great need for more data to make informed decisions given ongoing lack of understanding of the public health benefits of COVID-19 vaccination. Identifying drivers of vaccine uptake, particularly boosters, in communities of color and developing age-appropriate and culturally responsive interventions to increase vaccination rates are of utmost importance.</p>","PeriodicalId":16921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities","volume":" ","pages":"3556-3567"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142126048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socioeconomic Inequities in Pap Test Use Among Black Women in the United States: An Intersectional Approach.","authors":"Sydney Fisher, Madina Agénor","doi":"10.1007/s40615-024-02148-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40615-024-02148-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Research investigating racialized inequities in cervical cancer screening has rarely considered the influence of socioeconomic position (SEP), a key social determinant of health that intersects with race/ethnicity and racism. Thus, data on socioeconomic inequities in Pap test use within racialized groups-including Black women, who are at elevated risk of cervical cancer morbidity and mortality-are limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using 2011-2019 data from the National Survey of Family Growth and guided by an intersectional framework, we used multivariable logistic regression to examine the association between educational attainment, employment status, and income and the adjusted odds of Pap test use in the last 3 years among Black U.S. women.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to Black women with a bachelor's degree or greater, those with less than a high school diploma ([odds ratio] = 0.45; [95% confidence interval] 0.31-0.67) and a high school diploma/GED (0.57; 0.40-0.81) had significantly lower odds of Pap test use, adjusting for sociodemographic factors. Unemployed women had significantly lower adjusted odds of Pap test use compared to employed women (0.67; 0.50-0.89), and women living below 100% of the federal poverty level (FPL) had significantly lower adjusted odds of Pap test use relative to those living at or above 300% FPL (0.63; 0.45-0.88).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Low-SEP Black women had significantly lower adjusted odds of Pap test use relative to their higher SEP counterparts. Interventions that address both racism and economic barriers to care are needed to facilitate access to regular cervical cancer screening among low-SEP Black women.</p>","PeriodicalId":16921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities","volume":" ","pages":"3451-3459"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142108612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}