Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities最新文献

{"title":"Disparities in Social Vulnerability and Premature Mortality among Decedents with Hepatitis B, United States, 2010-2019.","authors":"Kathleen N Ly, Shaoman Yin, Philip R Spradling","doi":"10.1007/s40615-024-01968-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40615-024-01968-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Current US hepatitis B mortality rates remain three times higher than the national target. Mortality reduction will depend on addressing hepatitis B disparities influenced by social determinants of health.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aims to describe characteristics of hepatitis B-listed decedents, which included US birthplace status and county social vulnerability attributes and quantify premature mortality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 17,483 hepatitis B-listed decedents using the 2010-2019 US Multiple-Cause-of-Death data merged with the county-level Social Vulnerability Index (SVI). Outcomes included the distribution of decedents according to US birthplace status and residence in higher versus lower death burden counties by sociodemographic characteristics, years of potential life lost (YPLL), and SVI quartiles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most hepatitis B-listed decedents were US-born, male, and born during 1945-1965. Median YPLL was 17.2; 90.0% died prematurely. US-born decedents were more frequently White, non-college graduates, unmarried, and had resided in a county with < 500,000 people; non-US-born decedents were more frequently Asian/Pacific Islander, college graduates, married, and had resided in a county with ≥ 1 million people. Higher death burden (≥ 20) counties were principally located in coastal states. US-born decedents more frequently resided in counties in the highest SVI quartile for \"Household Characteristics\" and \"Uninsured,\" whereas non-US-born decedents more frequently resided in counties in the highest SVI quartile for \"Racial/Ethnic Minority Status\" and \"Housing Type/Transportation.\"</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This analysis found substantial premature hepatitis B mortality and residence in counties ranked high in social vulnerability. Successful interventions should be tailored to disproportionately affected populations and the social vulnerability features of their geographic areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":16921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities","volume":" ","pages":"1344-1356"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11390983/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140110497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moral Resilience and Race, Ethnicity, and Culture Within Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the USA: a Scoping Review.","authors":"Mary Jo Stanley, Ryan I Logan","doi":"10.1007/s40615-024-01911-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40615-024-01911-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic has and continues to impact the world affecting all aspects of life. Healthcare workers have been hit especially hard and, in many cases, experience negative impacts not only on their physical health but also on their mental and emotional well-being. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic has not affected populations equally and this is true in the USA, including healthcare workers. However, these workers have also persevered, drawing on moral resilience to push through challenging situations throughout this pandemic. In this scoping review, we analyzed studies to assess the role of race, ethnicity, and/or culture on the moral resilience of healthcare workers throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Our aim was to understand the research that has assessed these potential connections and determine best practices for building moral resilience in the face of this global catastrophe. Fourteen articles met inclusion criteria and were analyzed in this review. Following a thematic analysis, several themes emerged including (1) moral resilience and the COVID-19 pandemic; (2) race, ethnicity, and culture among healthcare workers; and (3) building moral resilience. In sum, the findings from the literature indicate a paucity of studies that analyze the role played by race, ethnicity, and/or culture in connection to moral resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":16921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities","volume":" ","pages":"719-731"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139519166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reach and Capacity of Black Protestant Health Ministries as Sites of Community-Wide Health Promotion: A Qualitative Social Ecological Model Examination.","authors":"Tyler J Fuller, Danielle N Lambert, Ralph J DiClemente, Gina M Wingood","doi":"10.1007/s40615-024-01926-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40615-024-01926-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Black communities in the Southeast United States experience a disproportionate burden of illness and disease. To address this inequity, public health practitioners are partnering with Black Protestant churches to deliver health promotion interventions. Yet, the reach of these programs beyond the organizational level of the Social Ecological Model (SEM) is not well defined. Thus, the aim of this study is to understand Black Protestant church leaders' and members' perceptions about the capacity of their ministries to reach into their communities, beyond their congregations, as providers or hosts of health education or promotion interventions. From 20 Black Protestant churches in Atlanta, GA, 92 church leaders and members participated in semi-structured interviews. Grounded theory guided data analysis and a diverse team coded the interviews. Most participating churches had health ministries. Participants saw the boundaries between their churches at the organizational level of the SEM and the broader Black community to be porous. Those who described their \"community\" as being broader than their congregation also tended to describe community-wide health promotion their church engaged in. They described church-based health fairs as a strategy to promote engagement in their communities. Some participants, particularly those in a health-related profession, discussed visions of how to utilize their church as a site for community-wide health promotion. We suggest these participants may be boundary leaders who can build relationships between public health professionals, pastors, and congregants. Based on the findings, we suggest that church-based health fairs may be effective sites of community-wide health promotion.</p>","PeriodicalId":16921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities","volume":" ","pages":"887-898"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139692092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is Asian Hate Just About Race? Religious Discrimination and Smoking Among Asian and Asian American Adults in the USA.","authors":"Fanhao Nie","doi":"10.1007/s40615-024-01941-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40615-024-01941-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prior research has shown that experiencing religious discrimination is tied to adverse physical and mental health outcomes. However, less known is whether or not religious discrimination may influence one's risk of smoking. In particular, there is a paucity of research examining the impacts of religious discrimination on smoking for Asians in the United States, whose experience of religious discrimination is heavily racialized. To fill in these gaps, in this study, 356 Asian and Asian American adults living in the US were surveyed. The key results suggest that perceived religious discrimination was associated with a higher risk of smoking among Asians and Asian Americans. Meanwhile, this deleterious effect of religious discrimination does not vary by important sociodemographic variables, such as ethnicity, religious identity, gender, and acculturation. Surprisingly, once controlling for religious discrimination, racial discrimination was no longer associated with smoking. Therefore, when it comes to smoking, it may be possible that religion is a more hazardous source of minority stress than race for Asians and Asian Americans.</p>","PeriodicalId":16921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities","volume":" ","pages":"1041-1051"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139723083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Client and Provider Race with Approaches Pursued by Social Workers for Reducing Firearm Access.","authors":"Kelsey M Conrick, Olivia McCollum, Sarah F Porter, Christopher St Vil, Kalei Kanuha, Ali Rowhani-Rahbar, Megan Moore","doi":"10.1007/s40615-024-01934-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40615-024-01934-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Social workers assess and intervene to prevent harm among clients at risk of harm to self (HTS) and harm to others (HTO) with a firearm. This study sought to assess the impact of client race on social workers' approaches to reduce firearm access when they weighed voluntary (e.g., store out-of-home) and involuntary (e.g., extreme risk protection order) removal methods. We considered the role of social workers' self-identified race as a moderator of this relationship, comparing white (single race) and Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) social workers. A survey was distributed to Washington state social workers (n = 9073) who were presented with two case vignettes, each randomized to view the client's race as Black or white. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between the client's race and the pursuit of voluntary or involuntary methods, stratified by social workers' race. Among the participants (n = 1306), 26% pursued at least one involuntary care plan option for the HTS client, and 59% for the HTO client. The Black client at risk of HTS had lower odds of an involuntary care plan option compared to the white client (OR = 0.69, 95% CI 0.54-0.88), while the Black client at risk of HTO had higher odds of an involuntary care plan options (OR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.07-1.66). These associations were not statistically significantly different between white (single race selected) and BIPOC social workers. This study contributes to the growing understanding of potential racial disparities in social workers' decision-making regarding firearm access reduction strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":16921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities","volume":" ","pages":"977-988"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139723081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 and Challenging Working Environments: Experiences of Black Sub-Saharan African (BSSA) Front-Line Health Care Professionals Amid of COVID-19 Pandemic in the English Midlands Region.","authors":"Nyashanu Mathew, Pfende Farai, Mandu Stephen Ekpenyong","doi":"10.1007/s40615-023-01906-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40615-023-01906-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The impact of COVID-19 is challenging for many health and social care workers. The impact has been more felt by all ethnic groups, but during the course of its tenure, it has become more apparent that the black community has been affected more than others. They have been reported to suffer more fatalities from the pandemic compared to their white counterparts. Blacks are reported to make a significant percentage of health care workers. They are sometimes undervalued, lowly paid, with many on insecure contracts and experiencing professional inequality. This study sought to explore the challenges experienced by Black Sub-Saharan African (BSSA) front-line workers in health care during COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>The study utilised an explorative qualitative approach (EQA). Forty research participants were recruited for the study. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data through online platforms which included Zoom, WhatsApp and Teams. A thematic approach was used to analyse data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Following data analysis, the research found that the research participants experienced undermining of expertise, lack of appreciation and unfair allocation of tasks and were overlooked for promotion and perceived as carriers of COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This group was over-represented in agency and self-employed roles. There is need for a strong government commitment to prevent discrimination through enacting a comprehensive legislation to support tackling the problem. Race equality training awareness needs to be rolled out into healthcare organisations and empower managers to deal with equality issues at work.</p>","PeriodicalId":16921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities","volume":" ","pages":"667-673"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11913946/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139478636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Education Shapes Indigenous Health Inequalities in the USA and Mexico.","authors":"Gabriela León-Pérez, Elyas Bakhtiari","doi":"10.1007/s40615-024-01922-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40615-024-01922-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Indigenous peoples around the world face significant health disparities relative to the dominant groups in their countries, yet the magnitude and patterns of health disparities vary across countries. We use data from the National Health Interview Survey and Mexican Family Life Survey to examine the health of Indigenous peoples in Mexico and American Indians and Alaska Natives in the USA and to evaluate how they fare relative to the majority populations in their countries (non-Indigenous Mexicans and non-Hispanic Whites, respectively). We assess disparities in self-rated health and activity limitations, with a focus on how Indigenous health disparities intersect with educational gradients in health. Regression analyses reveal three primary findings. First, Indigenous health disparities are larger in the USA than in Mexico. Second, differences in educational attainment account for most of the differences between Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations in Mexico, but less than half in the USA. Third, in both countries, health is moderated by educational attainment such that between-group disparities are largest at the highest levels of education. However, for Indigenous Mexicans there is a \"cross-over\" in which Indigenous Mexicans report better health at the lowest level of education. Overall, this study finds a weak relationship between education and Indigenous health, and raises the question about the validity of using traditional measures of SES in Indigenous contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":16921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities","volume":" ","pages":"837-850"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11914346/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139972274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Racial and Ethnic Disparities in COVID-19 Treatments in the United States.","authors":"Essy Mozaffari, Aastha Chandak, Alpesh N Amin, Robert L Gottlieb, Andre C Kalil, Vishnudas Sarda, Mark Berry, Gina Brown, Jason F Okulicz, Chidinma Chima-Melton","doi":"10.1007/s40615-024-01942-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40615-024-01942-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Racial and ethnic disparities in patient outcomes following COVID-19 exist, in part, due to factors involving healthcare delivery. The aim of the study was to characterize disparities in the administration of evidence-based COVID-19 treatments among patients hospitalized for COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a large, US hospital database, initiation of COVID-19 treatments was compared among patients hospitalized for COVID-19 between May 2020 and April 2022 according to patient race and ethnicity. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the effect of race and ethnicity on the likelihood of receiving COVID-19 treatments, stratified by baseline supplemental oxygen requirement.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The identified population comprised 317,918 White, 76,715 Black, 9297 Asian, and 50,821 patients of other or unknown race. There were 329,940 non-Hispanic, 74,199 Hispanic, and 50,622 patients of unknown ethnicity. White patients were more likely to receive COVID-19 treatments, and specifically corticosteroids, compared to Black, Asian, and other patients (COVID-19 treatment: 87% vs. 81% vs. 85% vs. 84%, corticosteroids: 85% vs. 79% vs. 82% vs. 82%). After covariate adjustment, White patients were significantly more likely to receive COVID-19 treatments than Black patients across all levels of supplemental oxygen requirement. No clear trend in COVID-19 treatments according to ethnicity (Hispanic vs. non-Hispanic) was observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There were important racial disparities in inpatient COVID-19 treatment initiation, including the undertreatment of Black patients and overtreatment of White patients. Our new findings reveal the actual magnitude of this issue in routine clinical practice to clinicians, policymakers, and guideline developers. This is crucial to ensuring equitable and appropriate access to evidence-based therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":16921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities","volume":" ","pages":"1052-1062"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11914345/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139972277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Racial Disparities in Outcomes of Delivery and Cardiac Complications Among Pregnant Women with Congenital Heart Disease.","authors":"John Petersen, Waiel Abusnina, Sandeep Beesabathina, Sai Subhakar Desu, Ryan W Walters, Venkata Mahesh Alla","doi":"10.1007/s40615-024-01950-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40615-024-01950-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Advances in cardiology have led to improved survival among patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). Racial disparities in cardiovascular and maternal outcomes are well known and are likely to be more profound among pregnant women with CHD. Using the 2001 to 2018 National Inpatient Sample, we identified all hospitalizations for delivery among women ≥ 18 years of age with CHD. Unadjusted and adjusted between-race differences in adverse maternal cardiovascular, obstetric, and fetal events were assessed using logistic regression models. During the study period, we identified 52,711 hospitalizations for delivery among women with concomitant CHD. Of these, 66%, 11%, and 16% were White, Black, and Hispanic, respectively. Obstetric complications and fetal adverse events were higher among Blacks compared to Whites and Hispanics (44% vs. 33% vs. 37%, p < .001; 36% vs. 28% vs. 30%, p < .001), respectively. No between-race differences were observed in overall cardiovascular adverse events (27% vs. 24% vs. 23%, p < .21). However, heart failure was significantly higher among Black women (3.6% vs. 1.7% vs. 2.2%, p = 0.001). While a lower income quartile was associated with higher rates of adverse outcomes, adjustment for income did not attenuate the adverse impact of race. Black females with CHD diagnoses were more likely to experience adverse obstetric, fetal events, and heart failure compared to White and Hispanic women irrespective of their income status. Further research is needed to identify causes and devise interventions to mitigate racial disparities in the care of pregnant women with CHD.</p>","PeriodicalId":16921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities","volume":" ","pages":"1159-1169"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11913936/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139983184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Family as a Pathway to Suicidal Behaviors Through Depression Symptoms and Internalized Homophobia.","authors":"Donte T Boyd, Emma Sterrett-Hong, Edward D Scott, Junior L Allen, Brianna Smith, Camille R Quinn","doi":"10.1007/s40615-024-01956-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40615-024-01956-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research consistently highlights how systemic and social factors can adversely impact mental health, and the potential buffering effects of family support, yet raced sexual minorities are vastly underrepresented among these studies. As rates of suicide increase among Black people and remain high among men and those in gender and sexually diverse communities, this study sought to examine to relationships between family dynamics and suicidality among young Black men who have sex with men (MSM) in young adulthood. We used an online survey to conduct a logistic regression to examine family factors (family support, open family communication, other adult support, and other adult value), depression symptoms, and internalized homophobia on suicide attempts. The conceptualization of the study's design and interpretation of the results were informed by minority stress theory and the phenomenological variant of ecological systems theory. The results indicate that higher levels of family support and open family communication were associated with lower levels of suicidality. Implications for future research and applications for healthcare providers and human services professionals who support young Black MSM in emerging adulthood are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":16921,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities","volume":" ","pages":"1228-1239"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11913968/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140039664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}