Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Experimental and simulation-based optimization of gamma-ray shielding using cement boards in Saudi Arabia","authors":"A. Alharbi","doi":"10.1016/j.jrras.2025.101861","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrras.2025.101861","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluates the effectiveness of commercially available cement boards in Saudi Arabia for gamma-ray shielding applications. The elemental composition of each board was identified using Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy, and their ability to attenuate gamma radiation was experimentally tested using cesium-137 (662 keV) and americium-241 (59.5 keV) sources. The results showed that the linear attenuation coefficients range from 0.0855 to 0.1110 cm⁻¹ for 662 keV gamma photons and from 0.3760 to 0.4752 cm⁻¹ for 59.5 keV gamma photons, indicating moderate shielding performance. These experimental findings closely matched the theoretical values from the NIST XCOM database and were further confirmed through GEANT4 Monte Carlo simulations. To achieve better shielding, advanced cement composites were developed by adding high atomic number oxides, including bismuth oxide, lead oxide, tungsten trioxide, barium sulfate, and copper oxide. Simulation results revealed significant improvements in shielding efficiency, particularly at lower photon energies, where the photoelectric effect is dominant. Among these enhanced composites, the mixture containing lead oxide and bismuth oxide exhibited the highest performance, achieving a linear attenuation coefficient of 2.42 cm⁻¹ at 59.5 keV. These findings demonstrate that lead-free optimized cementitious materials can serve as effective, environmentally safer, and structurally viable alternatives to radiation shielding in medical, nuclear, and industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences","volume":"18 4","pages":"Article 101861"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144879262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Significance of thermal radiation in a non-Newtonian (Reiner-Rivlin) model past a cylindrical surface with application in a thermal management system","authors":"A.M. Obalalu ,&nbsp;Ayodeji Felix Isarinade ,&nbsp;Umair Khan ,&nbsp;Aurang Zaib ,&nbsp;Najiyah Safwa Khashi'ie ,&nbsp;Dalia H. Elkamchouchi","doi":"10.1016/j.jrras.2025.101879","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrras.2025.101879","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study of thermal radiation in fluid mechanics has gained considerable attention due to its pivotal role in heat and mass transfer processes across various industrial and engineering applications. Building on this motivation, this study emphasizes how thermal radiation affects the transport of heat and mass in the flow. Specifically, it explores the stagnation-point flow behavior of a Reiner–Rivlin type non-Newtonian fluid that arises due to a stretching cylindrical surface. The analysis is extended to incorporate bioconvective transport due to motile microorganisms, Soret and Dufour effects, and Joule heating effects. The boundary conditions assume prescribed wall temperature and solute concentration, enabling the derivation of the similarity variables. Curvature effects are introduced through a dimensionless curvature parameter, defined in terms of the inverse of the cylinder radius, which quantifies deviations from a flat plate configuration. This parameter is varied to investigate its impact on the structure of stagnation-point flow and thermal transport. The transformed nonlinear ordinary differential equations are numerically solved using the Chebyshev Collocation method. Validation of the computational results is performed by comparing them with existing solutions under certain limiting cases. The study further investigates the interplay between thermal radiation and microorganism motility, which occurs through the radiation-induced temperature rise influencing bioconvective density gradients and microorganism distribution. Parametric studies are carried out to examine how key factors such as curvature, thermal radiation, bioconvective parameters, diffusion coefficients, and Reiner–Rivlin fluid characteristics affect flow profiles, temperature and concentration distributions, motile microorganism density, and skin friction. The findings reveal that an increase in thermal radiation leads to a rise in temperature distribution and modifies the bioconvective flow field. These insights are vital for optimizing the design of systems involving non-Newtonian fluids in energy, biomedical, and microfluidic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences","volume":"18 4","pages":"Article 101879"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144865949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of infrared thermal sensing based on object detection in oxygen exercise training: analysis of thermal energy consumption","authors":"Qi Jianguo ,&nbsp;Fan Jun ,&nbsp;Li Zhenshi","doi":"10.1016/j.jrras.2025.101889","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrras.2025.101889","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the increasing attention to fitness and sports science, the analysis of energy consumption in sports training has become an important research field. This paper aims to discuss the application of infrared thermal sensing technology based on target detection in aerobic exercise training, especially its effect in the analysis of heat consumption. Firstly, the basic principle of infrared thermal imaging and its application in temperature measurement are introduced, and the advantages of infrared sensor in capturing dynamic target temperature information are emphasized. This paper discusses the target image detection technology based on infrared sensor, including infrared target detection method, image feature extraction, moving target location, etc. The relationship between exercise intensity and heat consumption can be effectively extracted by analyzing the change of heat in different areas during exercise. In the aspect of applying related technology to aerobic exercise intensity simulation, the influence of different exercise intensity on aerobic exercise effect was studied and analyzed, which provided quantitative basis for exercise training. The results show that the use of infrared thermal imaging technology can achieve accurate monitoring of heat consumption during exercise, so as to provide personalized training programs for athletes. Therefore, the application of infrared thermal sensing technology based on target detection in aerobic training not only improves the accuracy of thermal energy consumption analysis, but also provides a new perspective for optimizing training efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences","volume":"18 4","pages":"Article 101889"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144865947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of failure rate for communication disability and irradiated mint data: Using the heavy-tailed generalized inverse exponential distribution","authors":"Mohamed A. Abd Elgawad ,&nbsp;Mahmoud El-Morshedy ,&nbsp;Hend S. Shahen ,&nbsp;M.M. Abd El-Raouf","doi":"10.1016/j.jrras.2025.101848","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrras.2025.101848","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article provides a comprehensive analysis of Saudi Arabia’s communication challenges, evaluating their prevalence, impact, and the role that Vision 2030 has played in addressing this important problem. Data sets related to communication disabilities are difficult and Irradiated mint to model well because of their complex structure, which frequently shows skewness and unpredictability. This intricacy can occasionally be overlooked by standard probability distributions, leading to erroneous results. The heavy-tailed generalized inverse exponential distribution (HTGIED) represents an enhanced iteration of the generalized inverse exponential distribution (GIED), utilizing a heavy-tailed approach to effectively address these issues. The probability density curves of HTGIED indicate significant applications in the evaluation of communication disability within the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Irradiated mint data. Researchers possess considerable flexibility in developing statistical models for studies focused on communication difficulties, as the hazard rate function (HRF) for the HTGIED can exhibit increasing and decreasing trends. We used data on communication disabilities and irradiated mint to estimate the parameters of HTGIED. In addition, we assess its reliability and hazard rate functions through the application of the maximum likelihood method. Asymptotic confidence intervals are calculated and evaluated against bootstrap-p and bootstrap-t methodologies. The effectiveness of the proposed distribution was evaluated using five data sets relating to communication difficulties in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and irradiated mint data. The HTGIED is recommended for data modeling in fields that encompass communication disabilities, due to its enhanced fit capabilities. Furthermore, several significant properties of HTGIED are computed, including moments, inverse moments, harmonic mean, reliability metrics, and incomplete moments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences","volume":"18 4","pages":"Article 101848"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144865950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suppression of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway by ethyl acetate extract from garden balsam seed induces apoptosis and inhibits migration in prostate cancer cells","authors":"Zhihui Zeng,&nbsp;Liwen Zhao,&nbsp;Maochun Xie,&nbsp;Qinfu Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.jrras.2025.101835","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrras.2025.101835","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This research was intended to investigate the potential mechanism of garden balsam seed ethyl acetate (GBSEA) induces the apoptosis and migration of prostate cancer cells by inhibiting <em>PI3K/AKT/mTOR</em> signaling pathway, providing new theoretical evidence for the biological value of GBSEA extract and its preventive effects on prostate cancer (PC).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The main components of GBSEA extract were prepared and identified. Primary PC cells (PCCs) and LNCaP cells were treated with GBSEA extract at concentrations of 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, and 210 μg/mL. The influence of GBSEA extract on proliferation, apoptosis, and migration of primary PCCs and LNCaP cells was analyzed using cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) and Transwell migration assays. The impact of GBSEA extract on levels <em>PI3K/AKT/mTOR</em> signaling pathway-associated proteins was assessed by Western blotting, and real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was employed to evaluate the influence of GBSEA extract on levels of apoptosis-related genes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>GBSEA extract contained six compounds, including β-sitosterol, α-spinasterol, hexadecanoic acid, quercetin methyl ether, quercetin, and kaempferol. As the GBSEA extract concentration increased, the proliferation rate of primary PCCs and LNCaP cells sharply decreased in contrast to the control group (0 μg/mL), showing a concentration-dependent effect (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The IC50 values for inhibiting the proliferation of the primary PCCs and LNCaP cells were 67 μg/mL and 128 μg/mL. After treatment with GBSEA extract, the apoptosis rate of primary PCCs and LNCaP cells was substantially higher relative to that in control group without GBSEA extract (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), while migration rate was lower (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The levels of <em>PI3K</em>, <em>pAKT</em>, and <em>mTOR</em> (in LNCaP cells) were considerably lower based on those in control group, and the <em>Bcl-2</em> level (in primary PCCs and LNCaP cells) was sharply lower, all showing obvious significances (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). However, the <em>Bax</em>, <em>Caspase-3</em>, and <em>Caspase-9</em> levels (in primary PCCs and LNCaP cells) were remarkably higher relative to those in control group, with obvious significances observed (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>GBSEA extract can inhibit apoptosis and migration of prostate cancer cells induced by PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, which provides a new theoretical basis for the prevention of prostate cancer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences","volume":"18 4","pages":"Article 101835"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144866073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic potential of astragalus polysaccharides in coronary heart disease: Insights into PCSK9/LDLR-mediated myocardial fibrosis","authors":"Wenwen Lin,&nbsp;Fanqi Kong,&nbsp;Mengmeng Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.jrras.2025.101883","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrras.2025.101883","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to explore whether Astragalus Polysaccharide (APS) regulates myocardial fibrosis in mice with coronary heart disease (CHD) via the PCSK9/LDLR pathway, and reveal its underlying mechanism.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) knockout mice were provided with a lipid-rich diet to induce coronary heart disease (CHD) and treated with low, medium, or high doses of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS). Heart mass, heart index, and serum lipids-including low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)-were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Myocardial collagen volume fraction (CVF) was assessed by Masson's trichrome staining. Collagen I, collagen III, and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were examined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blot. Hepatic levels of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) were quantified. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used in vitro to examine APS effects on the PCSK9/LDLR pathway.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In vivo, CHD model mice exhibited increased heart mass, heart index, myocardial interstitial collagen fibers, and CVF, accompanying the elevated expression of collagen I, collagen III, and α-SMA in myocardial tissue, and increased PCSK9 levels with decreased LDLR expression in liver tissue. APS treatment significantly (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) improved these parameters, including a notable reduction in collagen deposition and lipid levels. In vitro, LPS treatment reduced the viability of HUVECs and resulted in elevated expression of collagen I, collagen III, α-SMA, and PCSK9, while LDLR levels were diminished. APS treatment alleviated the detrimental effects of LPS on HUVECs. Nonetheless, the beneficial effects of APS on LPS-treated HUVECs were abrogated by PCSK9 overexpression.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>APS mitigates myocardial fibrosis in CHD mice through regulation of the PCSK9/LDLR pathway and enhancement of cardiac function.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences","volume":"18 4","pages":"Article 101883"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144866075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-dimensional thermal analysis of radiative viscoplastic fluid flow stirring by anchor impeller within a stirred tank","authors":"Benhanifia Kada ,&nbsp;Lakhdar Rahmani ,&nbsp;Mebarki Brahim ,&nbsp;Houari Ameur ,&nbsp;Nagat A.A. Suoliman ,&nbsp;Wasim Jamshed ,&nbsp;Ali J. Chamkha ,&nbsp;Mohamed R. Eid ,&nbsp;Syed M. Hussain","doi":"10.1016/j.jrras.2025.101888","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrras.2025.101888","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The agitation of viscoplastic fluids (e.g., polymer melts, drilling muds) in stirred tanks remains a critical challenge due to their yield-stress behavior and poor heat transfer efficiency. The objective of this research is to study a three-dimensional <strong>(</strong>3D) numerical simulation, focused on the analysis of the thermal approach of viscoplastic fluid (Bingham-Papanastasiou model) inside an agitated vessel, equipped with an Anchor impeller agitator. The sidewall of the vessel is assumed to be at a hot temperature T_h, whereas the working fluid has an initial cold temperature T_c. The study focuses on the impact of inertia parameters for a range of inertia values of Reynolds number (Re = 1, 10, 100, 200) on the global characteristics of the stirred system (heat transfer rate, hydrodynamic flow pattern, and energy consumed inside the agitation process). The numerical results show the dominance of tangential flow inside the stirred vessel with (Re = 1, 10), whereas, with the highest inertia value (Re = 100, 200), a secondary axial flow appears, which leads to amelioration in the hydrodynamic behavior along the agitated vessel. In addition, the enhancement of thermal behavior by amplifying the Nusselt number (<em>Nu</em>), especially with a Reynolds number value of Re = 200, where <em>Nu</em> increases by 35.27 % with a reduction of energy consumption of 98.81 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences","volume":"18 4","pages":"Article 101888"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144866072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SKAP2 as a novel prognostic biomarker in HNSCC: Genetic and functional validation","authors":"Jiao Lei ,&nbsp;Xuexian Yao ,&nbsp;Li Nie ,&nbsp;Yuyang Li ,&nbsp;Dong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jrras.2025.101884","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrras.2025.101884","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This first-of-its-kind study identifies SKAP2 as a causal prognostic biomarker in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>HNSCC-related datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database (n = 237) were analyzed. Differential expression genes analysis (DEGs), weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and machine learning (LASSO/SVM-RFE/RF) - refining DEG/WGCNA outputs by prioritizing genes with high predictive power - were applied for gene screening, followed by Mendelian randomization for causal verification. Survival analysis was performed, and a SKAP2 prognostic model was constructed on the basis of TCGA-HNSC cohort data (n = 566). Functional validation was performed via SKAP2 knockdown in HNSCC cell lines (FaDu/SCC-15), assessing proliferation (CCK-8), migration (Transwell), and apoptosis (flow cytometry).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Through DEGs analysis and WGCNA, researchers identified 153 overlapping genes critically involved in HNSCC. Three machine learning algorithms subsequently pinpointed three key disease-associated genes strongly linked to HNSCC progression. Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis revealed SKAP2 as a particularly significant causal gene (OR = 1.307; 95 % CI = 1.023–1.669; <em>P</em> = 0.032). Clinical data from the TCGA database demonstrated that HNSCC patients exhibiting elevated SKAP2 expression faced markedly worse survival outcomes (<em>P</em> = 0.018). Multivariate Cox regression analysis established SKAP2 as an independent prognostic marker (HR = 1.283; 95 % CI = 1.009–1.632; <em>P</em> = 0.042). In vitro experiments confirmed that SKAP2 knockdown significantly inhibited FaDu and SCC-15 cell proliferation (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) and migration (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001) and promoted apoptosis (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>SKAP2 shows promise as a clinically significant biomarker and therapeutic target in HNSCC, though prospective trials are needed to validate clinical utility. It regulates tumor progression through proliferation and migration pathways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences","volume":"18 4","pages":"Article 101884"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144866074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of radiations on the efficiency of nanofluid inspired by transient Phenomena: Application of Xue CNTs model","authors":"Adnan ,&nbsp;Mohamed Bechir Ben Hamida ,&nbsp;Muhammad Nasir Bashir ,&nbsp;Sami Ullah Khan ,&nbsp;Yasir Khan ,&nbsp;Nashmi Alrasheedi ,&nbsp;Muhammad Mahmood Ali","doi":"10.1016/j.jrras.2025.101886","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrras.2025.101886","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The composite structure of CNTs and effective characteristics have crucial role in the heat transfer applications. The SWCNTs and MWCNTs is effective nanomaterial to enhance the thermal capability of functional fluids. The CNTs have wide applications in energy storage, thin film electronics, coatings and device modelling etc. Thus, this research aims to formulate and study the transient nature hybrid nanofluid problem comprising the CNTs nanomaterial. Thermal radiations, heating source, accelerating wedge parameter and concentration of CNTs are the parameters of interest which have considered in this research. The numerical bvp4c scheme is exercised and obtained the promising model results for physical parameters. It is examined that the velocity drops by strengthening the concentration of CNTs and static case possesses optimum decline. Increasing the magnetic strength (<span><math><mrow><mi>M</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0.5</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>1.0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>1.5</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>2.0</mn></mrow></math></span>) created robust Lorentz forces which controls the hybrid nanofluid movement. Moreover, thermal distribution improves with larger effects of heating source and unsteady phenomena. Considerable increases in the temperature is examined for (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>ϕ</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>0.01</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>0.02</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>0.03</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>0.04</mn></mrow></math></span>), MWCNTs (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>ϕ</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>0.01</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>0.02</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>0.03</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>0.04</mn></mrow></math></span>) and <span><math><mrow><mi>R</mi><mi>d</mi></mrow></math></span> which make the system more efficient for thermal applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences","volume":"18 4","pages":"Article 101886"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144866076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commissioning and validation of Radixact beam model in RayStation treatment planning system","authors":"Guyu Dai ,&nbsp;Qing Xiao ,&nbsp;Qiang Wang ,&nbsp;Long Bai ,&nbsp;Hang Yu ,&nbsp;Xiangbin Zhang ,&nbsp;Xianhu Zeng ,&nbsp;Renming Zhong ,&nbsp;Guangjun Li ,&nbsp;Sen Bai","doi":"10.1016/j.jrras.2025.101892","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jrras.2025.101892","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>While the Radixact tomotherapy system with iDMS typically uses proprietary planning software, third-party systems like RayStation offer alternative planning solutions. This study details the comprehensive commissioning process for the Radixact beam model in the RayStation treatment planning system.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The beam model commissioning process included 5 parts: model creation and validation, fine-tuning of parameters, creation of the treatment couch, adjustment of dose normalization, and verification of the model. In the step of parameters tuning, minimum leaf open and close time, and transverse profile were adjusted. Five plans were designed to create the structure set of treatment couch. The dose normalization was adjusted to calibrate the calculated absolute dose with the measurement of 5 plans. ArcCHECK was used to measure patient plans to verify the model.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Minimum leaf open and close time were both set to 0.06 s, the average gamma passing rate (GPR) of transverse curves compared with gold beam data improved from 71.23 % to 98.60 % after adjustment. The final couch structure contained two parts: up and down with the density of 0.950 and 1.150 g/cm³. The originally calculated absolute dose was about 2 % lower, therefore, the value of dose normalization was increased by 2 % to 1.4399e-9. The average 3 %/2 mm GPR of the final model was 97.87 %, 98.70 %, and 99.10 % for plans of 1 cm, 2.5 cm, and 5 cm jaw width, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The results showed that adjustment of beam models, creation of treatment couch, and adjustment of dose normalization should be taken into special consideration. After adjustment, the Radixact model in Raystation could be used in the clinic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences","volume":"18 4","pages":"Article 101892"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144866077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}