Journal of Radiography and Radiation Sciences最新文献

{"title":"SONOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF RADIOLOGICALLY NON-FUNCTIONING KIDNEYS ON INTRAVENOUS UROGRAPHY (IVU) IN KANO METROPOLIS, NIGERIA","authors":"M. Umar","doi":"10.48153/jrrs/2021/cmms7631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48153/jrrs/2021/cmms7631","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Despite technological advancement in uroradiology, renal ultrasonography remains the imaging modality of choice for evaluating various pathological conditions affecting the urinary tract (GIT) system.\u0000\u0000Aim: This study was aimed at evaluating sonographic features of radiologically nonfunctional kidneys in Kano metropolis, Nigeria.\u0000\u0000Methods: A prospective study involving 94 subjects each from the diseased and control groups were conducted in Kano metropolis from January 2019 to January 2021. Renal scans were performed using a digital ultrasound imaging system; model DP-8800Plus fitted with a 3.5MHz curvilinear transducer. The maximum length, width, and thickness were measured. The renal echogenicity was assessed and graded. Data were analyzed using SPSS Version 22.0\u0000\u0000Results: The mean values of the right and left renal volumes among adult patients was 400.5 ± 527.3 cm3 and 177.6 ± 174.3 cm3 respectively. For pediatric patients, it was 72.3 ± 308.6 cm3 and 241.6 ± 228.7 cm3 for the right and left kidney respectively. The renal parenchymal echogenicity of the right kidney among adult patients was scored as grade II 2 (5.3%), grade III 27 (71%), and grade IV 9 (23.7%), while those pediatric patients were Grade 0 (11.1%), and 8 (88.9%) as grade III. The adults left kidneys were scored grade II 2 (6%), and 16 (47%) each as grades III and IV, while the pediatric group scored 3 (25%) as grade II, and 9 (75%) as grade III.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: Increased renal volume, shrunken kidney, increased renal parenchymal echogenicity, and severe hydronephrosis were strong sonographic indicators of nonfunctional kidneys.","PeriodicalId":16919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiography and Radiation Sciences","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89027363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TOXICITY EFFECT OF RADIOGRAPHIC DEVELOPER EFFLUENT ON GIANT AFRICAN SNAIL (Achatina fulica)","authors":"J. Ama","doi":"10.48153/jrrs/2021/upiz1092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48153/jrrs/2021/upiz1092","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The decline in the population of snails, a source of protein of people living in the high forest zone due to environmental pollution and the hazard caused by the disposal of radiographic developer effluent into streams, bushes or forests and public sewer systems makes the assessment of the effect on giant African snails (Achatina fulica) from environmental pollution due to radiographic developer effluent very important.\u0000\u0000Materials and Methods: Ninety 5 months old, 12 months old and 24 months old giant African snails were randomly divided into 6 groups of 15 snails for each age group based on the dose of developer effluent to be administered. One group from each age group was designated the control and the remaining, the experimental group. Range finding test was performed at effluent concentrations of 100 %, 50 %, 25 %, 12.5 %, 6.25 %, 3.125 %, 1.6 % and 0 % (control) in 150 ml of distilled water. The effluent solution was administered on the feed and soil of the experimental snails only.\u0000\u0000Results: Behavioural changes occurred between 0.2 – 1.0 % concentration and mortality at 24 – 96 hours exposure to the effluent solutions. The percentage (%) mortality of the giant African snails increased as the effluent concentration increased from 0.2 - 1.0 % and at an increased exposure time of 24 – 96 hours. The estimated 96 hours LD for the 5, 12 and 24 months old giant African snails were 0.20 - 0.23, 0.23 - 0.25 and 0.30 - 0.26 respectively.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: Radiographic developer effluent is harmful to the giant African snails, with the % mortality increasing with an increase in concentration and exposure time to the developer effluent. Legislation is recommended to ensure the safe disposal of radiographic developer effluents into the Nigerian environment considering the importance of giant African snails (Achatina fulica) to the ecosystem and the economy.","PeriodicalId":16919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiography and Radiation Sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80386892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hysterosalphingograpy Findings In Infertile Women: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Sidi Mohammed, Ashiru Auta Abdurrahman","doi":"10.48153/jrrs.v34i1.223490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48153/jrrs.v34i1.223490","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hysterosalpingography (HSG) is a valuable radiological procedure for imaging the female reproductive tract. Structural abnormalities on hysterosalpingography (HSG) are among the important factors in the evaluation of female infertility. \u0000Objectives: The study was aimed at reviewing the available literature on hysterosalpingography findings in infertile women, identifying the missing gap in the subject area, coming up which area of further that will further enhance the role of HSG in the diagnosis of infertility. \u0000Methods: The study was a systemic review that focused on the literature on the topic and keywords of research. The references were obtained using a database; IEEE Xplore, EBSCO, Cochrane and MEDLINE. The search terms used were; hysterosalpingography findings, HSG, detection of infertility, fluoroscopic examinations. The inclusion criteria are articles published in the English language, non-duplicated and those that full text is available online. \u0000Result: Eleven articles were considered for the review. Four of the articles were prospective, whereas the other seven were retrospective studies. Ten of the reviewed articles are from Africa and only one is from Asia. The most frequent finding in the reviewed articles on the two continents was bilateral tubal blockage whereas the least frequent finding is associated with the cervix. The majority of the reviewed articles used short study duration, retrospective, or small sample size.  None of the reviewed articles established a relationship between the HSG findings with demographic information or clinical history of the selected subjects. \u0000Conclusion: The findings of the published articles have proven the potentiality of HSG in detecting uterine abnormalities related to infertility. None of the reviewed articles established a relationship between the HSG findings with demographic information or clinical history of the selected subjects. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":16919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiography and Radiation Sciences","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91070985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"A Survey of Diagnostic X-ray room design and shielding Integrity of Lead\u0000Aprons in a State in North-Eastern Nigeria.\"","authors":"A. Mohammed, C. Nzotta, B. F. Nkubli, A. Umar, S. Y. Bappah, P. E. Osayaba, A. A. Dukku","doi":"10.48153/jrrs/2020/teza1728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48153/jrrs/2020/teza1728","url":null,"abstract":"Background: X-ray facility design and shielding integrity is meant to optimize radiation safety of patients, staff and the general public. \u0000\u0000Objectives: To determine the conformity to x-ray room design standards and the functional efficacy of lead aprons in the surveyed facilities.\u0000\u0000Materials and Method: The survey was conducted in six radio diagnostic centres in Gombe State Nigeria, labelled A to F for anonymity. The building layout of the radiology departments was sketched to show the dimensions (L x B x H) and adjoining structures. Datasheets were also used to record information about the radio-diagnostic facility. Lead aprons were inspected for defects by physical observation and by x-ray exposure.\u0000\u0000Results: The x-ray room dimension of the six radio diagnostic centres with A (24 m2), B (14.8 m2), C (30 m2), D (36 m2), E (21.2 m2) and F (25 m2). All the walls of\u0000\u0000the radio-diagnostic room of facility A, B, C and D were lined with 2 mm lead equivalent, whereas E and F were not. About 7 (38.8%) of lead aprons inspected were defective, while 11 (61.1%) were not defective.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: There are compromises noted in the design of facility B and the majority of the lead aprons inspected showed good functional efficacy.","PeriodicalId":16919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiography and Radiation Sciences","volume":"107 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86682436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paediatric Diagnostic Reference levels in low Resource Settings: A Guide for Developing Country Practitioners with excerpts from ICRP","authors":"F. Nkubli, C. Nzotta, C. Nwobi, Joseph Dlama","doi":"10.48153/jrrs/2020/wkvs9841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48153/jrrs/2020/wkvs9841","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The practical implementation of Diagnostic Reference Level in paediatric imaging is a complex task due to their unique individuality in terms of high sensitivity to radiation, varying body sizes and presenting pathology. Hence, good knowledge of medical technology, skill to perform patient dosimetry and to analyze mage quality is required.\u0000\u0000Purpose: To provide a guide on the methodological requirements for the establishment of Paediatric Diagnostic Reference Levels (PiDRLs) based on the revised and updated guidelines from the current ICRP publication 135 on Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRLs).\u0000\u0000Materials and method: An extensive review of the ICRP report Publication 135 on Diagnostic Reference levels in medical imaging with a focus on paediatric imaging and other related studies were undertaken. \u0000\u0000Results: The ICRP report 135 updates and refines the recommendations of 2001. It highlights that the application of DRLs in paediatrics alone is not sufficient for the optimization of protection. Image quality must be evaluated. Quantities used for DRLs should be appropriate to the imaging modality being evaluated, assess the amount of ionizing radiation applied to perform a medical imaging task, and be measured directly. For interventional procedures, the complexity of the procedure may be considered in setting DRLs. DRLs shall not be used for individual patients or as trigger (alert or alarm) levels for individual patients. Appropriate weight bands (generally with 5 or 10 kg intervals) are recommended for establishing paediatric DRLs and should be promoted.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: The amount of radiation used for examinations of children can vary tremendously due to great variation in patient size and weight from neonates to adult-sized adolescents. This variation in patient radiation dose is appropriate. However, variation in patient doses due to inappropriate technique or failure to child-size the imaging protocol is not appropriate. This forms the basis of the new ICRP guideline and should form the basis of developing PiDRLs.","PeriodicalId":16919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiography and Radiation Sciences","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78739499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient waiting time Analysis at Service Points in the Ultrasound Unit of a\u0000Nigerian Teaching Hospital","authors":"F. Idigo, N. Chijioke, A. Anakwue, U. Nwogu","doi":"10.48153/jrrs/2020/gyli3928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48153/jrrs/2020/gyli3928","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Quality of service, as perceived by patients in any healthcare facility is to a great extent, dependent on the waiting time. Reducing patients' waiting time increases patients' satisfaction and improves system efficiency.\u0000\u0000Purpose: To measure and analyze the waiting time of patients at the service points in the ultrasound unit of a Nigerian tertiary hospital and to determine the mean examination time for the different ultrasound investigations carried out.\u0000\u0000Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was carried out in the ultrasound unit of the Radiology department at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH) Ituku/Ozalla, Enugu. The waiting and examination times of patients were measured directly through observation of system operations. The waiting time at the various service points identified as costing, update, payment and examination were recorded. Mean, range and standard deviation of waiting and service times formed the descriptive statistics for the. For inferential statistics, ANOVA test was carried out to test for significance in the different service point waiting times, and the different examination times for the different investigations.\u0000\u0000Results: Mean waiting time was 3 hours 31 seconds and average exam time was 26 minutes 31 seconds. Analysis of variance on the service point where patients wait the most showed that the point after making the payment was the most significant. There was no significant difference found in the amount of time spent on different examinations (P < 0.05).\u0000\u0000Conclusion: Timely delivery of services is of optimum importance, considering the need for patient-centred service. With the information provided on the waiting time at the different service points in a typical teaching hospital ultrasound unit, departmental managers will be guided in the planning of the departmental operations, to enhance patient satisfaction and system efficiency.","PeriodicalId":16919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiography and Radiation Sciences","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85634370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interdisciplinary Collaboration among Health Professionals: A Panacea for\u0000effective and Evidence-based Health Care delivery","authors":"Z. JosephD, B. Aminu, S. Halilu, D. Marka, O. Kayode, M. Gloria, A. Umar, B. Patrick","doi":"10.48153/jrrs/2020/xqyr3082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48153/jrrs/2020/xqyr3082","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Interdisciplinary collaboration (IDC) is important in health care settings as the complex nature and demands of the health care work environment requires the expertise and knowledge of different individuals or specialists working together to solve multifaceted and complex patient care problems.\u0000\u0000Objective: To assess the health professionals' attitude towards the development of an interdisciplinary collaborative approach to patient care in health institutions and to systematically review the impact of IDC as a panacea for effective health outcomes in Nigeria.\u0000\u0000Methodology: The research is a systematic review that provides various approaches for studying interdisciplinary teams. Fifty articles were selected from different search engines such as Google, google scholar, science direct and research gate with the search term Interdisciplinary collaboration among health care professionals. Articles were arranged based on most relevant, relevant and closely related articles.\u0000\u0000Result: The study revealed that IDC is pivotal in evidence-based care and contributes immensely to effective and efficient health outcomes. It puts the patient at the centre of the healthcare team's focus and allows all health professionals, with the patient, to collaboratively provide input, be part of the decision making, and improve outcomes. Although there are several obstacles to IDC, adopting this team-based culture of mutual respect and understanding is possible and, in fact, necessary.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: This study reveals that there are many benefits to IDC. It can improve safety and healthcare delivery, as well as reduce costs. The interprofessional team supports patient and personnel engagement, organizational efficiency and innovation.","PeriodicalId":16919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiography and Radiation Sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83174506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sonographic Assessment of Kidneys in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Seropositive Patients: A systematic Review","authors":"Sidi Mohammed, Kabir Abbas","doi":"10.48153/jrrs.v34i1.223274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48153/jrrs.v34i1.223274","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) remains a major challenge globally, and approximately 180,000 people died from AIDS-related illnesses in Nigeria in 2015. HIV associated nephropathy is the third most common cause of end-stage renal failure. \u0000Objectives: To review published original research articles on the sonographic evaluation of kidneys in HIV seropositive patients, identifying missing gaps and coming up with an area of further study. \u0000Methodology: The study was retrospective and a secondary source of data from published original research articles was used. The search was performed through Google search using Google Scholar, EMBASE, PubMed and Medline. All the published original research articles in the English language and the availability of full-text articles were included in the study. \u0000Results: An electronic search using the search terms had identified 58 related published articles, but only 12 articles were reviewed. This study found out that human immunodeficiency virus-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) to be a most predominant renal disease in HIV positive patients leaving in sub-Saharan Africa with increased renal parenchymal echogenicity and decreased corticomedullary differentiation sonographically, which correlate in raised of serum creatinine level and the degree of patients immune competence (CD4 count). Few studies correlated the sonographic findings with histopathological feature and none uses Doppler ultrasound. \u0000Conclusion: This study has identified a correlation of the sonographic findings with the histopathological features and the use of Doppler ultrasound as the missing gaps from the previously published research articles in the subject area.","PeriodicalId":16919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiography and Radiation Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78485162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nigerian Radiographers Obligation to Diagnostic Reference levels (DRLs) in Medical Imaging","authors":"T. Adejoh","doi":"10.48153/jrrs.v34i1.223273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48153/jrrs.v34i1.223273","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) help to identify unusually high dose levels in medical procedures involving radiation. This will subsequently, stimulate quality control. There are legislations and guidelines requiring the Member States of the European Union to adopt DRLs. While about 72% of European countries, as well as the United States, have complied, and with subsequent reviews demonstrating significant dose reductions (16% – 30%), no evidence links any African country to replicate the same. \u0000Objective: This work briefly reviewed the progress of Nigeria with regards to diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) and with particular attention to efforts by radiographers. \u0000Methods: Google search was made with keywords of diagnostic reference levels as well as radiation dose in Nigeria. Over forty works were retrieved but only twenty- two which had specific relevance to the focus of the review were archived and read. The works were subsequently scrutinized to piece together the trend of DRLs globally, and locally. \u0000Results: Publications on x-ray, mammography, fluoroscopy and computed tomography dose abound in Nigeria. Doses had wide variations in all modalities. There was no accessible evidence to indicate that any regulatory agency in Nigeria had keyed into the imperative of dose investigation, monitoring and reporting. \u0000Conclusion: In conclusion, diagnostic reference levels in x-ray, mammography and computed tomography have been recommended by independent researchers in Nigeria. Regulatory agencies are urged to summon the will to give guidelines on the implementation of these DRLs in order to improve the optimization of protection for patients.","PeriodicalId":16919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiography and Radiation Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90255927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Inquest into the Quests and Conquests of the Radiography Profession in Nigeria","authors":"Thomas Adejo","doi":"10.48153/jrrs/rubh5255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48153/jrrs/rubh5255","url":null,"abstract":"Background: As of 1942, there were neither indigenous radiographers nor radiography training institutions in Nigeria. Presently, progress made is breathtaking. Despite the strides, there were no readily accessible records to give researchers insight on the trajectory of the profession since the beginning of the 20th century. Objective: To trace the origin, investigate the quests, ascertain the conquests of the radiography profession in Nigeria and then document them for easy accessibility. Methods: A prospective, longitudinal historical research spanning 6 years (2013 – 2019). Data emanated from records of the professional association (ARN), publications in the radiography profession, and interview of older radiographers, especially those who were witnesses to professional milestones. Internet search complemented retrieved information. The draft of the work was uploaded continually on radiographers’ Facebook and WhatsApp platforms for inputs. The author resolved discrepancies in the account through the weight of evidence for or against. Results: Approximately 5,000 persons have passed through basic radiography training in Nigeria, with ≤ 5% having postgraduate qualifications. Training institutions have evolved from two monotechnics to ≥ 10 universities, with three of those are involved in postgraduate education. Radiography has witnessed considerable role extensions from traditional x-ray to more advanced practices and complex modalities. Conquests were, however, sometimes reversed, or jeopardized by internal upheavals and meddlesome interlopers. Conclusion: Radiography in Nigeria has witnessed breathtaking evolution in training and practice from the time of World War II (WWII) until date. Radiographers themselves, with significant assistance from non-radiographers, engineered those milestones. A consolidation of intra-professional cohesion and inter-professional synergy is needful, for more focused and dedicated services to humanity.","PeriodicalId":16919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radiography and Radiation Sciences","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85146203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}