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Int. J. IT Stand. Stand. Res.最新文献

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The Role of Individuals and Social Capital in POSIX Standardization 个人和社会资本在POSIX标准化中的作用
Int. J. IT Stand. Stand. Res. Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/jitsr.2006010101
J. Isaak
{"title":"The Role of Individuals and Social Capital in POSIX Standardization","authors":"J. Isaak","doi":"10.4018/jitsr.2006010101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jitsr.2006010101","url":null,"abstract":"While standards are issued by organizations, individuals do the actual work, with significant collaboration required to agree on a common standard. This article explores the role of individuals in standards setting as well as the way these individuals are connected to one another through trusting networks and common values. This issue is studied in the context of the IEEE POSIX set of standards, for which the author was actively involved for more than 15 years. This case study demonstrates that the goals and influence of individual participants are not just that of their respective employers but may follow the individual through changes of employment. It also highlights changes in the relative importance of individual and corporate influence in Unix-related standardization over time. Better understanding of the interaction between individuals and organizations in the context of social capital and standardization can provide both a foundation for related research and more productive participation in these types of forums.","PeriodicalId":169063,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. IT Stand. Stand. Res.","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127725112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 58
The INTERNORM Project: Bridging Two Worlds of Expert- and Lay-Knowledge in Standardization INTERNORM项目:在标准化的专家和外行知识的两个世界之间架起桥梁
Int. J. IT Stand. Stand. Res. Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/jitsr.2011010103
Jean-Christophe Graz, C. Hauert
{"title":"The INTERNORM Project: Bridging Two Worlds of Expert- and Lay-Knowledge in Standardization","authors":"Jean-Christophe Graz, C. Hauert","doi":"10.4018/jitsr.2011010103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jitsr.2011010103","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a pilot project to reinforce participatory practices in standardization. The INTERNORM project creates an interactive knowledge center based on the sharing of academic skills and experiences accumulated by the civil society, especially consumer associations, environmental associations and trade unions to strengthen the participatory process of standardization. The first objective of the project is action-oriented: INTERNORM provides a common knowledge pool supporting the participation of civil society actors to international standard-setting activities by bringing them together with academic experts in working groups and providing logistic and financial support to their participation in meetings of national and international technical committees. The second objective is analytical: the standardization action provides a research field for a better understanding of the participatory dynamics underpinning international standardization. This paper presents three incentives that explain civil society non-involvement in standardization that overcome conventional resource-based hypotheses: an operational incentive related to the use of standards in the selective goods provided by associations to their membership; a thematic incentive provided by the setting of priorities by strategic committees created in some standardization organization; and a rhetorical incentive related to the discursive resource that civil society concerns offers to the different stakeholders.","PeriodicalId":169063,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. IT Stand. Stand. Res.","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124643584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
The Standards War Between ODF and OOXML: Does Competition Between Overlapping ISO Standards Lead to Innovation? ODF和OOXML之间的标准之战:重叠的ISO标准之间的竞争会导致创新吗?
Int. J. IT Stand. Stand. Res. Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/jitsr.2010120704
T. Egyedi, Aad Koppenhol
{"title":"The Standards War Between ODF and OOXML: Does Competition Between Overlapping ISO Standards Lead to Innovation?","authors":"T. Egyedi, Aad Koppenhol","doi":"10.4018/jitsr.2010120704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jitsr.2010120704","url":null,"abstract":"A strong belief exists that competition between de facto standards stimulates innovation and benefits consumers because it drives down the costs of products. The tenability of this belief, and its preconditions and limits, has been widely scrutinized. However, little has been written about competition between negotiated, de jure i.e., committee standards. Are competing de jure standards a good thing? Blind 2008 equals de jure to de facto standards and concludes that competition between de jure standards increases social welfare. In this article we argue that it is important to distinguish between de jure and de facto standards; therefore, that Blind's basic assumption is incorrect. We illustrate our argument with the same example as Blind, that is, the standards war between the document formats of ODF and OOXML. In our view, the implications of condoning-and even encouraging-competition between de jure standards will have far-reaching consequences for public IT-procurement. It will hinder innovation and counteract supplier-independent information exchange between government and citizens.","PeriodicalId":169063,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. IT Stand. Stand. Res.","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131645081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 29
The Role of Standards in Engineering Education 标准在工程教育中的作用
Int. J. IT Stand. Stand. Res. Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/jitsr.2010120701
T. Cooklev
{"title":"The Role of Standards in Engineering Education","authors":"T. Cooklev","doi":"10.4018/jitsr.2010120701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jitsr.2010120701","url":null,"abstract":"The role of standards is increasing, and as a result the role of education about standards should also increase. At the same time, there are a set of requirements-accreditation criteria-toward engineering programs. The close relationships between the accreditation criteria and standards education is not fully recognized, even by accreditation bodies and educators. The goal of this article is to uncover these relationships. Furthermore, the article establishes connections between other components of engineering education such as ethics, engineering design, labs, and integrated courses, on one hand and standards education on another. The conclusion from these relationships is that standards education is more important than previously realized. The article also discusses how standards education can be incorporated in engineering and technical curricula.","PeriodicalId":169063,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. IT Stand. Stand. Res.","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126271887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
Development of a Specification for Data Interchange Between Information Systems in Public Hazard Prevention: Dimensions of Success and Related Activities Identified by Case Study Research 公共灾害预防信息系统之间数据交换规范的开发:成功的维度和通过案例研究确定的相关活动
Int. J. IT Stand. Stand. Res. Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/jitsr.2013010103
S. Wurster
{"title":"Development of a Specification for Data Interchange Between Information Systems in Public Hazard Prevention: Dimensions of Success and Related Activities Identified by Case Study Research","authors":"S. Wurster","doi":"10.4018/jitsr.2013010103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jitsr.2013010103","url":null,"abstract":"Standards and specifications for public security are missing in many technical aspects as well as the areas of communication protocols and security management. Several research gaps related to these fields exist, particularly regarding R&D stage standardisation. Sherif et al. (2007) offer a framework to investigate project management aspects leading to successful standardisation. Its applicability for R&D stage security standardisation was examined and mainly proved by a recent InfraNorm survey in the German security research program. The German project InfraNorm aims at initiating the development of standards and specifications for the protection of transportation infrastructure. This article gives insight into the development of such a specification based on R&D results. Besides providing practical examples for activities related to Sherif et al.’s (2007) framework, the article suggests its extension. Standardisation challenges and solutions are also unveiled. The article finishes by outlining key aspects which may influence the adoption of the specification and by giving a short overview of current results. Application fields of the findings include, in particular, fast track standardisation procedures with voluntary implementation of the results, standardisations of R&D results and standardisation projects from small groups.","PeriodicalId":169063,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. IT Stand. Stand. Res.","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122604796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Pre-Standardization of Cognitive Radio Systems 认知无线电系统的预标准化
Int. J. IT Stand. Stand. Res. Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/jitsr.2012010101
V. Fomin, A. Medeisis, Daiva Vitkute-Adzgauskiene
{"title":"Pre-Standardization of Cognitive Radio Systems","authors":"V. Fomin, A. Medeisis, Daiva Vitkute-Adzgauskiene","doi":"10.4018/jitsr.2012010101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jitsr.2012010101","url":null,"abstract":"Cognitive Radio technology is commonly seen as a promise to form the basis of the next largest breakthrough in the development of ubiquitous wireless broadband services. However, the disruptive nature and complexity of this technology raises a host of associated issues, including the open question on reasons for the slow progression of the innovation. This paper reviews different streams of literature on technology evolution to suggest that CR development can be best conceptualized as anticipatory pre-standardizing process at an early phase. At the backdrop of the absent obvious leader in CR development, the authors conduct a co-evolutionary analysis of the CR innovation context to reveal a stakeholders' domain, which is best positioned to lead the further CR development. Finally, the authors conclude that the regulatory domain oversees some of the most crucial enabling factors that may decide the future of CR technology.","PeriodicalId":169063,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. IT Stand. Stand. Res.","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115948757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
Integrating Real Option and Dynamic Capability Theories of Firm Boundaries: The Logic of Early Acquisition in the ICT Industry 整合企业边界的实物期权与动态能力理论:ICT行业的早期收购逻辑
Int. J. IT Stand. Stand. Res. Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/jitsr.2008010102
Alfred G. Warener, J. Fairbank
{"title":"Integrating Real Option and Dynamic Capability Theories of Firm Boundaries: The Logic of Early Acquisition in the ICT Industry","authors":"Alfred G. Warener, J. Fairbank","doi":"10.4018/jitsr.2008010102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jitsr.2008010102","url":null,"abstract":"Firms often acquire other firms to source technology but it is unclear why they might assume such risk by buying before a product standard is established in their industry. We draw upon real options and dynamic capability theories of firm organization to develop an integrated framework that explains why firms might acquire early and which firms are more likely to do so. We develop propositions regarding certain firm attributes as predictors of acquisition timing relative to passage of a technology standard. We argue that from a real options perspective, the primary reason firms acquire early is related to the firm’s knowledge of the technology. However, attributes such as political influence in the standardization process, prior experience making acquisitions, and how the firm resolves uncertainty about the technical expertise of potential acquisition targets are capabilities that also enter the acquisition timing decision. We provide a model based on those propositions and address how it can be empirically tested.","PeriodicalId":169063,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. IT Stand. Stand. Res.","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126662489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 21
Tightrope Walking: Standardisation Meets Local Work-Practice in a Hospital 走钢丝:标准化与当地医院的工作实践
Int. J. IT Stand. Stand. Res. Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/jitsr.2004010101
G. Ellingsen
{"title":"Tightrope Walking: Standardisation Meets Local Work-Practice in a Hospital","authors":"G. Ellingsen","doi":"10.4018/jitsr.2004010101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jitsr.2004010101","url":null,"abstract":"Traditionally, uniform and standardised IT-solutions in health care are considered mechanisms for increased control, efficiency and quality. Unfortunately, in spite of existing studies of the actual experiences of standardisation, such as how they come into being, and how they are intertwined with local practice, unreasonable belief in standardisation seems to prevail. Acknowledging the origin of standardisation and its local character, however, does not mean that standardisation is futile or should be avoided. It rather means that standardisation efforts should balance the management level’s need for increased coordination and control, and the local level’s need for flexibility. The aim of this paper is to strike this balance as it elaborates the implications and the ‘costs’ for local practice in order to make a standard work. Empirically, the paper draws on a standardisation effort of discharge letter production in the University Hospital of Northern Norway.","PeriodicalId":169063,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. IT Stand. Stand. Res.","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115860049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 28
Patents and Standards in the ICT Sector: Are Submarine Patents a Substantive Problem or a Red Herring? 信息通信技术领域的专利与标准:海底专利是实质问题还是转移注意力?
Int. J. IT Stand. Stand. Res. Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/jitsr.2007010104
J. Winn
{"title":"Patents and Standards in the ICT Sector: Are Submarine Patents a Substantive Problem or a Red Herring?","authors":"J. Winn","doi":"10.4018/jitsr.2007010104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jitsr.2007010104","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the role of law reform in promoting the development of technical standards for the authentication of parties engaged in Internet commerce. Law reforms intended to improve the security of Internet commerce can only succeed if they address business, technical and legal issues simultaneously. The EU has used commercial law reform and formal standard development to coordinate work on authentication standards, while the U.S. has allowed the market to determine what type of authentication technology is appropriate and has left the development of standards to private consortia. While the EU approach may solve collective action problems more effectively, the U.S. approach may discover end user requirements and may allow business judgments about risk to inform the law more effectively. Neither approach has yet resolved the authentication problems facing businesses engaged in online commerce.","PeriodicalId":169063,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. IT Stand. Stand. Res.","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115144535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 16
Standards, Patents and Mobile Phones: Lessons from ETSI's Handling of UMTS 标准、专利和移动电话:ETSI处理UMTS的经验教训
Int. J. IT Stand. Stand. Res. Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/jitsr.2009010102
Rudi Bekkers, J. West
{"title":"Standards, Patents and Mobile Phones: Lessons from ETSI's Handling of UMTS","authors":"Rudi Bekkers, J. West","doi":"10.4018/jitsr.2009010102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/jitsr.2009010102","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of patents and patent royalties are a major concern of standards setting organisations. Here we examine the patents filed in the UMTS 3rd generation mobile phone standard, governed by the ETSI IPR policy in response to patent issues faced during the earlier GSM standardization. We contrast firm strategies and policy effectiveness between the GSM and UTMS efforts, and review the potential impact of potential changes to the ETSI IPR policy.","PeriodicalId":169063,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. IT Stand. Stand. Res.","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130150274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 15
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