Fish and Fisheries最新文献

{"title":"A Global Synthesis of Environmental Enrichment Effect on Fish Stress","authors":"Zonghang Zhang, Yijie He, Jiujiang Wang, Yating Zheng, Jiezhang Mo, Xiumei Zhang, Wenhua Liu","doi":"10.1111/faf.12870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12870","url":null,"abstract":"The stress‐coping ability (SCA) is one of the core aspects of fish welfare and is of vital importance for fish production in the aquaculture industry and for fish fitness in hatchery release. Environmental enrichment (EE), a method of introducing external stimuli into the husbandry environment, has been recently proposed to improve fish SCA, but the present experimental evidence is mixed, and the reasons for these discrepancies are unclear. Here, we conducted a global meta‐analysis using a data set that consists of 1786 cases from 107 studies across 42 fish species to solve this problem. Overall, we found that enriched fish had significantly higher SCA than control fish, reflected in either basal stress levels or stress responses. Meta‐regression analyses showed that specific subgroups of enrichment type, fish developmental stage, stress category, stress duration, stress place, sample tissue and indicator system showed significant positive EE effects on SCA. Multi‐model inference indicated that the indicator system, fish developmental stage, stress characteristic and enrichment mode are important drivers for the high heterogeneity among effect sizes. These results highlight the importance of introducing EE into the rearing systems, which will not only increase the welfare of aquaculture fish but also improve the ecological adaptability of released fish. The comprehensive knowledge obtained in this analysis will provide insights into fish ontogenetic plasticity and its responses to EE and have important implications for improving the production cycle in fish aquaculture and fisheries conservation.","PeriodicalId":169,"journal":{"name":"Fish and Fisheries","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142670361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Life in the fast lane: Revisiting the fast growth—High survival paradigm during the early life stages of fishes","authors":"Dominique Robert,&nbsp;Jun Shoji,&nbsp;Pascal Sirois,&nbsp;Akinori Takasuka,&nbsp;Ignacio A. Catalán,&nbsp;Arild Folkvord,&nbsp;Stuart A. Ludsin,&nbsp;Myron A. Peck,&nbsp;Su Sponaugle,&nbsp;Patricia M. Ayón,&nbsp;Richard D. Brodeur,&nbsp;Emily Y. Campbell,&nbsp;Evan K. D'Alessandro,&nbsp;John F. Dower,&nbsp;Louis Fortier,&nbsp;Alberto G. García,&nbsp;Klaus B. Huebert,&nbsp;Marc Hufnagl,&nbsp;Shin-ichi Ito,&nbsp;Mikimasa Joh,&nbsp;Francis Juanes,&nbsp;Mitsuo Nyuji,&nbsp;Yoshioki Oozeki,&nbsp;Guido Plaza,&nbsp;Motomitsu Takahashi,&nbsp;Yosuke Tanaka,&nbsp;Naoki Tojo,&nbsp;Shingo Watari,&nbsp;Naotaka Yasue,&nbsp;Pierre Pepin","doi":"10.1111/faf.12774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12774","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Early life survival is critical to successful replenishment of fish populations, and hypotheses developed under the Growth-Survival Paradigm (GSP) have guided investigations of controlling processes. The GSP postulates that recruitment depends on growth and mortality rates during early life stages, as well as their duration, after which the mortality declines substantially. The GSP predicts a shift in the frequency distribution of growth histories with age towards faster growth rates relative to the initial population because slow-growing individuals are subject to high mortality (via starvation and predation). However, mortality data compiled from 387 cases published in 153 studies (1971–2022) showed that the GSP was only supported in 56% of cases. Selection against slow growth occurred in two-thirds of field studies, leaving a non-negligible fraction of cases showing either an absence of or inverse growth-selective survival, suggesting the growth-survival relationship is more complex than currently considered within the GSP framework. Stochastic simulations allowed us to assess the influence of key intrinsic and extrinsic factors on the characteristics of surviving larvae and identify knowledge gaps on the drivers of variability in growth-selective survival. We suggest caution when interpreting patterns of growth selection because changes in variance and autocorrelation of individual growth rates among cohorts can invalidate fundamental GSP assumptions. We argue that breakthroughs in recruitment research require a comprehensive, population-specific characterization of the role of predation and intrinsic factors in driving variability in the distribution and autocorrelation of larval growth rates, and of the life stage corresponding to the endpoint of pre-recruited life.</p>","PeriodicalId":169,"journal":{"name":"Fish and Fisheries","volume":"24 5","pages":"863-888"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/faf.12774","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5748854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate change projections of commercial fish distribution and suitable habitat around north western Europe","authors":"Bryony L. Townhill,&nbsp;Elena Couce,&nbsp;Jonathan Tinker,&nbsp;Susan Kay,&nbsp;John K. Pinnegar","doi":"10.1111/faf.12773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12773","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Under future climate change, modification of temperature and salinity are expected to result in distribution shifts of marine organisms, including commercial fish and shellfish. Changes are anticipated everywhere, including in the seas of many important fishing nations. Species turnover will in turn result in both opportunities and threats to fishing industries. To determine the impacts for northwest European shelf fisheries, we project changes for 49 commercially important fish and shellfish species using an ensemble of five ecological niche models and three different downscaled climate change projections. The habitat suitability and latitudinal shifts projected from the recent past (1997–2016) to two futures (2030–2050; 2050–2070) were calculated for waters around the United Kingdom. Of the species examined, around half were projected to have consistently more suitable habitat in the future, including European seabass (<i>Dicentrarchus labrax</i>, Moronidae), sardine (<i>Sardina pilchardus</i>, Alosidae) and anchovy (<i>Engraulis encrasicolus</i>, Engraulidae). Conversely, it is suggested that UK waters will become less suitable for species including Atlantic cod (<i>Gadus morhua</i>, Gadidae) and saithe (<i>Pollachius virens</i>, Gadidae). Our comprehensive approach using a number of models and climate change scenarios shows that while there are differences in the magnitude of change between models, and while some models perform better for certain species compared with others, overall, the general trends in habitat suitability and abundance are robust across models and climate scenarios. This emphasises the value in using more than one modelling technique with different climate scenarios (i.e., an ensemble approach) to capture the uncertainty or agreement around climate change projections.</p>","PeriodicalId":169,"journal":{"name":"Fish and Fisheries","volume":"24 5","pages":"848-862"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/faf.12773","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6089082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in remote sensing of freshwater fish habitat: A systematic review to identify current approaches, strengths and challenges","authors":"Spencer Dakin Kuiper,&nbsp;Nicholas C. Coops,&nbsp;Scott G. Hinch,&nbsp;Joanne C. White","doi":"10.1111/faf.12772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12772","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Remote sensing technology offers the ability to derive information on freshwater fish habitats across broad geographic areas and has the potential to transform approaches to monitoring. However, the numerous platforms, sensors and analytical software that are available may overwhelm those interested in utilizing this important technology and thus limit its broad application and uptake. Our review is intended to shed light on the capacity of this technology to transform freshwater fish habitat monitoring by examining the fundamental characteristics of the major remote sensing technologies that have been used for characterizing freshwater habitats, conducting a systematic literature review of studies that have used remote sensing technologies to characterize freshwater fish habitats and, highlighting some of the key habitat features, fish species and regions, that have been examined. Lastly, we identify the relative strengths and weaknesses of the various remote sensing technologies that can be used, recommend future research that could help improve the use of these technologies, and, provide a series of important considerations for those who are interested in utilizing these technologies for freshwater fish habitat characterization.</p>","PeriodicalId":169,"journal":{"name":"Fish and Fisheries","volume":"24 5","pages":"829-847"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/faf.12772","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5791293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating trends and magnitudes of bycatch in the tuna fisheries of the Western and Central Pacific Ocean","authors":"Tom Peatman,&nbsp;Valerie Allain,&nbsp;Lui Bell,&nbsp;Berry Muller,&nbsp;Aurélien Panizza,&nbsp;Naiten B. Phillip,&nbsp;Graham Pilling,&nbsp;Simon Nicol","doi":"10.1111/faf.12771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12771","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Minimising the unintended capture of fish, marine mammals, reptiles, seabirds and other marine organisms is an important component of responsible fisheries management and for stabilising declines and rebuilding populations of threatened species. The analyses presented were designed to establish the first quantitative baseline of historical catches, catch rates and species composition for the dominant tuna fisheries operating in the western and central Pacific, the world's largest in terms of tuna catch. Using records from 612,148 fishing events collected by independent ‘at sea’ observers, estimates for finfish, billfish, elasmobranchs, marine mammals and sea turtles show that the composition and magnitude of catches varied considerably by fishery type and practice for the period 2003–2019. Simulations indicated that precision in longline estimates would be improved by monitoring a proportion of fishing sets from all fishing trips rather than full coverage from a proportion of all fishing trips. While attributing reasons for temporal trends in estimated bycatch was difficult due to the confounding impacts of changing abundances and fishing practices, the trends identified the nature of potential relationships for species that are not accurately quantified, or not covered, by fishing vessel logbooks. The trends in catch estimates, and the catch rate models, have utility in identifying species which may require targeted additional analyses and management interventions, including species of conservation interest (either due to their threatened status or vulnerability to fishing) such as elasmobranchs and sea turtles. Moreover, the estimates should support future evaluations of the impact of these industrial-scale fisheries on bycatch species.</p>","PeriodicalId":169,"journal":{"name":"Fish and Fisheries","volume":"24 5","pages":"812-828"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/faf.12771","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5850547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why do some fish grow faster than others?","authors":"Harriet R. Goodrich,&nbsp;Timothy D. Clark","doi":"10.1111/faf.12770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12770","url":null,"abstract":"<p>All animals must acquire food to grow, but there is a vast diversity in how different species and even different individuals approach and achieve this task. Individuals within a species appear to fall along a bold-shy continuum, whereby some fish acquire food aggressively and with seemingly high risk, while others appear more submissive and opportunistic. Greater food consumption generally results in faster growth, but only if the energy acquired through food is more than enough to compensate for heightened metabolism associated with a more active lifestyle. Fast-growing phenotypes also tend to have elevated baseline metabolism – at least when food is plentiful – which may be linked with gut morphology and digestive efficiency. The net energy gained from a meal (as calculated from the specific dynamic action (SDA) coefficient) is optimised with larger meal sizes, but the digestion of large meals can erode the aerobic metabolic scope available for other critical activities such as predator avoidance, perhaps at an interindividual level. Thus, complex interactions between an individual's genes and environment are likely to regulate the growth phenotype. This review compiles available knowledge to shed light on the question: Why do some fish grow faster than others? We discuss the elaborate interrelationships between behaviour, physiology and the gut microbiome with a goal to better understand what drives interindividual differences in growth performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":169,"journal":{"name":"Fish and Fisheries","volume":"24 5","pages":"796-811"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/faf.12770","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6141746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social harvest control rules for sustainable fisheries","authors":"Kate M. Barclay,&nbsp;Simon R. Bush,&nbsp;Jan Jaap Poos,&nbsp;Andries Richter,&nbsp;Paul A. M. van Zwieten,&nbsp;Katell G. Hamon,&nbsp;Eira Carballo-Cárdenas,&nbsp;Annet P. Pauwelussen,&nbsp;Rolf A. Groeneveld,&nbsp;Hilde M. Toonen,&nbsp;Amanda Schadeberg,&nbsp;Marloes Kraan,&nbsp;Megan Bailey,&nbsp;Judith van Leeuwen","doi":"10.1111/faf.12769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12769","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fisheries are supposed to be for the benefit of society, producing food, providing livelihoods and enabling cultural continuity. Biological productivity goals for fish stocks operationalised through Harvest Control Rules (HCRs) are central to contemporary fisheries management. While fisheries policies often state socio-economic objectives, such as enhancing the livelihoods of coastal communities, those are rarely, if ever, incorporated into operationalised management procedures. The lack of articulation of social objectives and lack of monitoring of social outcomes around HCRs amounts to poor public policy. In this article, we explore the potential for social HCRs (sHCRs) with reference points and agreed predefined actions to make the social dimensions of fisheries explicit. sHCRs cannot cover all social dimensions, so should be considered as one tool within a broader framework of fisheries governance. Moreover, successful sHCRs would require sound deliberative and participatory processes to generate legitimate social objectives, and monitoring and evaluation of fisheries management performance against those objectives. We introduce two potential types of sHCRs, one based on allocation of catch within biological limit reference points, and one for when fishing exceeds biological limit reference points. The application of sHCRs, we argue, can foster accountability and help avoid non-transparent negotiations on size and distribution of the catch. Our proposal is a call to action for policy makers and fisheries managers to properly integrate social criteria into fisheries governance, and for both biophysical fisheries scientists and social scientists to do better in practical collaboration for methods and knowledge development to support this integration.</p>","PeriodicalId":169,"journal":{"name":"Fish and Fisheries","volume":"24 5","pages":"896-905"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/faf.12769","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6104477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consumption of shark products: The interface of sustainability, trade (mis)labelling, human health and human rights","authors":"Md Robiul Hasan,&nbsp;Jennifer A. Chaplin,&nbsp;Peter B. Spencer,&nbsp;Matias Braccini","doi":"10.1111/faf.12768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12768","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sharks and rays evolved 450 million years ago, during the Late Ordovician Period. However, during the modern Anthropocene, shark populations have declined at considerable rates, and recent global assessments indicate about one in three species is threatened with extinction. A notable reason for this elevated extinction risk is overfishing linked to increased demand for shark fins and other products. Here, we review multiple dimensions of consuming shark products, ranging from stock sustainability, product (mis)labelling and trade, the human health implications of consuming shark products, and illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and slavery and labour abuses in the fishing industry. We conclude that traceability and increased transparency in seafood supply chains is essential to overcome obstacles to consumption of sustainable, ethical and healthy shark products. We also provide a decision tree outlining steps in consumer choice that would foster such consumption. Our aim is to provide a holistic view on issues concerning the consumption of shark products that will help policymakers, the public, management and law enforcement agencies to advocate for ecologically- and ethically sustainable consumption of shark products and thereby empower the general public to make informed decisions on which shark products they consume.</p>","PeriodicalId":169,"journal":{"name":"Fish and Fisheries","volume":"24 5","pages":"777-795"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/faf.12768","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5727968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to ‘Fecundity trends of Chinook salmon in the Pacific Northwest’","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/faf.12761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12761","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Malick, M. J., Losee, J. P., Marston, G., Agha, M., Berejikian, B. A., Beckman, B. R., &amp; Cooper, M. (2023). Fecundity trends of Chinook salmon in the Pacific northwest. <i>Fish and Fisheries</i>, <b>24</b>, 454–465.</p><p>In the above article, the authors would like to add a second affiliation to co-author James P. Losee and to update the spelling of the word ‘Oncorhynchus’ in the <b>Abstract</b> and <b>Introduction</b> sections.</p><p>The affiliation of James P. Losee is as follows.</p><p>²Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden</p><p>³Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Fish Program, Olympia, Washington, USA</p><p>The word ‘Oncorhynchus ‘is misspelt in the second sentence of the <b>Abstract</b> section and in the first line of the second paragraph of the <b>Introduction</b> section.</p><p>The article's content on Wiley Online Library has been updated to reflect these corrections.</p><p>We apologize for these errors.</p>","PeriodicalId":169,"journal":{"name":"Fish and Fisheries","volume":"24 4","pages":"706"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/faf.12761","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6061187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospects for the future of pink salmon in three oceans: From the native Pacific to the novel Arctic and Atlantic","authors":"Robert J. Lennox,&nbsp;Henrik H. Berntsen,&nbsp;?se Helen Garseth,&nbsp;Scott G. Hinch,&nbsp;Kjetil Hindar,&nbsp;Ola Ugedal,&nbsp;Kjell R. Utne,&nbsp;Knut Wiik Vollset,&nbsp;Frederick G. Whoriskey,&nbsp;Eva B. Thorstad","doi":"10.1111/faf.12760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12760","url":null,"abstract":"<p>While populations of other migratory salmonids suffer in the Anthropocene, pink salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus gorbusca</i> Salmonidae) are thriving, and their distribution is expanding both within their natural range and in the Atlantic and Arctic following introduction of the species to the White Sea in the 1950s. Pink salmon are now rapidly spreading in Europe and even across the ocean to North America. Large numbers of pink salmon breed in Norwegian rivers and small numbers of individuals have been captured throughout the North Atlantic since 2017. Although little is known about the biology and ecology of the pink salmon in its novel distribution, the impacts of the species' introduction are potentially highly significant for native species and watershed productivity. Contrasts between pink salmon in the native and extended ranges will be key to navigating management strategies for Atlantic nations where the pink salmon is entrenching itself among the fish fauna, posing potential threats to native fish communities. One key conclusion of this paper is that the species' heritable traits are rapidly selected and drive local adaptation and evolution. Within the Atlantic region, this may facilitate further establishment and spread. The invasion of pink salmon in the Atlantic basin is ultimately a massive ecological experiment and one of the first examples of a major faunal change in the North Atlantic Ocean that is already undergoing rapid changes due to other anthropogenic stressors. New research is urgently needed to understand the role and potential future impacts of pink salmon in Atlantic ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":169,"journal":{"name":"Fish and Fisheries","volume":"24 5","pages":"759-776"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/faf.12760","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"6024701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}