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El olvido del organismo: un análisis de las concepciones acerca de lo vivo y su valor en la biología actual 遗忘有机体:对生命概念及其在现代生物学中的价值的分析
Scientiae Studia Pub Date : 2018-04-03 DOI: 10.11606/51678-31662017000200012
Constanza Alexandra Rendón, Gabriela Klier
{"title":"El olvido del organismo: un análisis de las concepciones acerca de lo vivo y su valor en la biología actual","authors":"Constanza Alexandra Rendón, Gabriela Klier","doi":"10.11606/51678-31662017000200012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11606/51678-31662017000200012","url":null,"abstract":"En este articulo indagamos los supuestos acerca de la naturaleza de lo vivo (centrandonos en su organizacion jerarquica) y del valor de lo vivo presentes en diferentes campos de estudio de la biologia (biologia molecular, genetica, fisiologia, biologia evolutiva, embriologia, ecologia y biologia de la conservacion). La hipotesis que guio esta investigacion es que las subdisciplinas biologicas centradas en los niveles inferiores de organizacion presentan una valoracion de lo vivo diferente de aquella reconocida en areas que abordan los niveles superiores de organizacion. A partir del analisis realizado hallamos una amplia valoracion productiva de lo vivo en todas las areas indagadas (ademas de la valoracion de los organismos como herramientas para obtener conocimiento). En contraposicion, encontramos que el valor intrinseco de lo vivo solo es reconocido en algunos campos de estudio. Ademas, los resultados obtenidos apoyan nuestra hipotesis relativa al vinculo entre los niveles de organizacion estudiados y la valoracion de lo vivo: las subdisciplinas que otorgan prioridad a los niveles inferiores de organizacion no parecen considerar la valoracion intrinseca de lo vivo, mientras que las areas que abordan niveles de organizacion superiores tienden a reconocer ese tipo de valor. Finalmente presentamos algunas reflexiones acerca de la preeminencia del valor productivo de lo vivo en la bibliografia y de posibles conflictos valorativos al seno de la biologia. Poner en cuestion los valores y supuestos que subyacen a las practicas cientificas resulta central en el contexto actual en el que las ciencias de la vida participan de diversas controversias eticas.","PeriodicalId":168872,"journal":{"name":"Scientiae Studia","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126140805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Ni cabalmente clásico, ni completamente molecular: un análisis del concepto de gen en la genética del comportamiento 既不是完全经典，也不是完全分子:行为遗传学中基因概念的分析
Scientiae Studia Pub Date : 2018-04-03 DOI: 10.11606/51678-31662017000200011
Nahuel Pallitto, Guillermo Folguera
{"title":"Ni cabalmente clásico, ni completamente molecular: un análisis del concepto de gen en la genética del comportamiento","authors":"Nahuel Pallitto, Guillermo Folguera","doi":"10.11606/51678-31662017000200011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11606/51678-31662017000200011","url":null,"abstract":"The way in which the biological sciences conceptualize genes have been analysed by a diversity of authors working in philosophy of biology. Despite recognizing the presence of a plurality of concepts, a dualistic conceptualization prevails where a classical gene (Gene-P) and a molecular gene (Gene-D) have been identified. Besides, it has been declared that such concepts are independent and that it is impossible to find “hybrid” notions. In this article we analyse which gene concepts behaviour geneticists operate with and we show that the standard view does not fit well to what is happening in the area. In particular, we postulate that in behaviour genetics there are two different gene concepts, one of which has a “hybrid” nature. In that sense, our proposal shares the pluralistic consensus but rejects the dualistic character that has fundamentally adopted.","PeriodicalId":168872,"journal":{"name":"Scientiae Studia","volume":"255 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132523387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Values, heuristics and the politics of knowledge 价值观，启发式和知识政治
Scientiae Studia Pub Date : 2017-06-14 DOI: 10.11606/51678-31662017000100003
H. Longino
{"title":"Values, heuristics and the politics of knowledge","authors":"H. Longino","doi":"10.11606/51678-31662017000100003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11606/51678-31662017000100003","url":null,"abstract":"Ha um conjunto de valores, comumente denominados cognitivos, epistemicos ou cientifi cos, que com frequencia sao considerados informativos do bom juizo cientifi co, quando a evidencia se esgota. Contrastando esses valores com um conjunto alternativo, delineado no trabalho de cientistas, historiadoras e fi losofas feministas, e possivel mostrar como a dependencia desses valores chamados cientifi cos tem consequencias sociais problematicas. O artigo examina a valencia social diferencial dos dois conjuntos de valores, argumenta que nenhum dos dois deve ser considerado como dando as condicoes de produ- cao da verdade e propoe que ambos pertencem a um colecao (provavelmente maior) de heuristicas cuja conveniencia depende das caracteristicas da investigacao particular na qual sao empregadas","PeriodicalId":168872,"journal":{"name":"Scientiae Studia","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122151872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 31
Tecendo conexões entre feminismo e alternativas sociotécnicas 在女权主义和社会技术选择之间编织联系
Scientiae Studia Pub Date : 2017-06-14 DOI: 10.11606/51678-31662017000100006
B. Vasconcellos, R. Dias, L. Fraga
{"title":"Tecendo conexões entre feminismo e alternativas sociotécnicas","authors":"B. Vasconcellos, R. Dias, L. Fraga","doi":"10.11606/51678-31662017000100006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11606/51678-31662017000100006","url":null,"abstract":"In this article we read, with feminist lens, two historical infl uences of Latin American thinking on Social Technology. At fi rst, we look at the independence movement of India in the fi rst half of the twentieth century, which fostered a policy of dissemination of the Charkha, a kind of spinning wheel. Widespread in the period in which Gandhi led the movement, the wheel has become a symbol of the nationalist struggle, and is seen as an emblematic example of a socio-technical alternative. In a second step, we analyze the Appropriate Technology Movement, as a set of ideas and initiatives that popularize in the 1970s the dissemination of technologies supposedly appropriate to the reality of the impoverished regions of the “south”. In order to fi ll in the analytical gender gaps, we highlight the contributions of authors who unvail the androcentric character of such policies, and explain how inadequate technologies were produced because women’s work and community care needs in rural Africa and Asia were hidden. Finally, we weave connections between gender and the construction of socio-technical alternatives, and argue that it is in virtue of the invisibility of the feminized character of care, and of an uncritical incorporation of productivist logic that Social Technology embodies androcentrism","PeriodicalId":168872,"journal":{"name":"Scientiae Studia","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123852198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Situating Longino in the debate on the values in science 朗吉诺在科学价值辩论中的地位
Scientiae Studia Pub Date : 2017-06-14 DOI: 10.11606/51678-31662017000100009
R. Faria
{"title":"Situating Longino in the debate on the values in science","authors":"R. Faria","doi":"10.11606/51678-31662017000100009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11606/51678-31662017000100009","url":null,"abstract":"In this note, I try to relate the ideas of Helen Longino – as presented in her paper “Values, heuristics and policy of knowledge” – with those of other philosophers, especially concerning the matter of values in science. After introducing the role of values in science taking Thomas Kuhn as my starting point, I present some ideas of Longino. Next, I try to relate these ideas to those of other philosophers of science, including those who do not accept the presence of values in science, such as Susan Haack, as well as others who accept them, albeit more or less diff erently from Longino, such as Elizabeth Anderson and Hugh Lacey","PeriodicalId":168872,"journal":{"name":"Scientiae Studia","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130026639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Objetividade forte como alternativa à ciência livre de valores 强烈的客观性作为无价值科学的替代
Scientiae Studia Pub Date : 2017-06-14 DOI: 10.11606/51678-31662017000100010
Débora Aymoré
{"title":"Objetividade forte como alternativa à ciência livre de valores","authors":"Débora Aymoré","doi":"10.11606/51678-31662017000100010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11606/51678-31662017000100010","url":null,"abstract":"A obra Objectivity & diversity: another logic of scientifi c research (2015), de Sandra Harding, aponta para um modo alternativo de fazer ciência, baseando-se na premissa de que os compromissos sociopolíticos favoráveis à diversidade e os compromissos epistêmico-científi cos com a objetividade não precisam ser necessariamente confl itantes. Colocados em uma gradação, os capítulos culminam no último, que resume os seis principais argumentos acerca da objetividade desenvolvidos pela autora, tornando-se um ponto de partida possível para o contato com o conteúdo da obra. Os argumentos desenvolvidos na sequência dos capítulos são: Capítulo 1. Argumento de que as consequências das pesquisas do ocidente desbordam seus limites territoriais: as consequências distribuem-se globalmente, como no caso das políticas de modernização realizadas a partir do fi nal da Segunda Guerra Mundial e início da Guerra Fria. Capítulo 2. Argumento da homogeneidade valorativa dos pesquisadores como desvantajosa para a pesquisa: pesquisadores com características homogêneas tendem a apresentar menor capacidade de reconhecimento dos valores e dos interesses que estruturam suas próprias pressuposições, políticas e práticas. Capítulo 3. Argumento da objetividade forte: a crítica de pressupostos sexistas e androcêntricos resultou na proposta de pesquisa exercida a partir de baixo e, consequentemente, da objetividade forte, pois nela a diversidade das situações sociais é levada em consideração. Capítulo 4. Argumento de confi abilidade do conhecimento tradicional: derivado dos estudos pós-coloniais da ciência e da tecnologia, parte do reconhecimento da infl uência recíproca entre a ciência e a sociedade em que ela está situada e na qual ela é produzida. , São Paulo, v. 15, n. 1, p. 175-86, 2017","PeriodicalId":168872,"journal":{"name":"Scientiae Studia","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123041096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
A social history of the concept of femininity in psychoanalysis from 1910 to 1930 1910年至1930年精神分析中女性概念的社会史
Scientiae Studia Pub Date : 2017-06-14 DOI: 10.11606/51678-31662017000100007
Gustavo Rodrigues Rocha, L. Rocha
{"title":"A social history of the concept of femininity in psychoanalysis from 1910 to 1930","authors":"Gustavo Rodrigues Rocha, L. Rocha","doi":"10.11606/51678-31662017000100007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11606/51678-31662017000100007","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the role played in shaping the concept of femininity in Freudian psychoanalysis by the perspective on women present in Victorian society at the beginning of twentieth century. We start from the works of Sigmund Freud and some of his most important ideas. Freud’s notion of femininity will then be seen against the broader social and historical context of his time. This step – which will take us to examine hysterics, mediums, telegraphers, activists, telephonists and typists – will shed some light on the concreteness of the abstractions made by concerning women","PeriodicalId":168872,"journal":{"name":"Scientiae Studia","volume":"779 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123893207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Os que conhecem, conhecem bem: teoria do ponto de vista e arqueologia de gênero 知道的人都知道:性别视角理论和考古学
Scientiae Studia Pub Date : 2017-06-14 DOI: 10.11606/51678-31662017000100002
Alison Wylie
{"title":"Os que conhecem, conhecem bem: teoria do ponto de vista e arqueologia de gênero","authors":"Alison Wylie","doi":"10.11606/51678-31662017000100002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11606/51678-31662017000100002","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, I argue that – in exposing the androcentrism of taken-for-granted framework assumptions and calling into question the reliability of entrenched norms of justifi cation – gender archaeology is best understood as a form of reluctant social constructivism. It inadvertently exposes the contingency of foundational commitments, of content and of practice, that had been presumed to be neutral with respect to the situated interests of practitioners, context-independent and trans-historically stable. But, far from fatally undermining the objectivity of the enterprise, I argue that these more radical implications of gender archaeology illustrate the value of social constructionist analysis as an epistemic resource. We should attend to the positive epistemic role it can play as a catalyst for the kinds of transformative criticism that are essential to well-functioning science. I argue that a commitment to ongoing constructionist analysis should be a central component of proceduralist conceptions of objectivity that take seriously the need to mobilize rather than marginalize the diverse epistemic resources of situated knowers","PeriodicalId":168872,"journal":{"name":"Scientiae Studia","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124026589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Ativismo, feminismo e fi losofi a da ciência Entrevista com Helen Longino 行动主义、女权主义和科学哲学海伦·朗基诺访谈
Scientiae Studia Pub Date : 2017-06-14 DOI: 10.11606/51678-31662017000100008
Débora Aymoré, Kelly Koide, M. T. Ferreira
{"title":"Ativismo, feminismo e fi losofi a da ciência Entrevista com Helen Longino","authors":"Débora Aymoré, Kelly Koide, M. T. Ferreira","doi":"10.11606/51678-31662017000100008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11606/51678-31662017000100008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":168872,"journal":{"name":"Scientiae Studia","volume":"3 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123689952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
As mulheres camponesas e as epistemologias feministas 农民妇女与女权主义认识论
Scientiae Studia Pub Date : 2017-06-14 DOI: 10.11606/51678-31662017000100011
Beatriz Rodrigues Sanchez
{"title":"As mulheres camponesas e as epistemologias feministas","authors":"Beatriz Rodrigues Sanchez","doi":"10.11606/51678-31662017000100011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11606/51678-31662017000100011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":168872,"journal":{"name":"Scientiae Studia","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130982835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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