Journal of psychiatric research最新文献

{"title":"A different finding on the role of Cerebro-cerebellar RSFC in reading skills among Chinese Children with Developmental Dyslexia","authors":"Yuying Jin ,&nbsp;Jingxian Zhao ,&nbsp;Xintong Su ,&nbsp;Si Tan ,&nbsp;Xiaojing Song ,&nbsp;Kaize Yang ,&nbsp;Simin Deng ,&nbsp;Lizi Lin ,&nbsp;Xiuhong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.04.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.04.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>It’s still unclear on the effect of the cerebellum on developmental dyslexia (DD). To narrow the gap, we compared the cerebro-cerebellar resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) between children with and without DD, and analyzed the relationship of cerebro-cerebellar RSFC with reading skills.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>43 children with DD (32 males, mean age = 9.21 years) and 82 typical development (TD) children (47 males, mean age = 8.96 years) were recruited from China. All participants completed rs-fMRI scan and reading tasks including phonological awareness, rapid automatized naming, and orthography awareness. Cerebro-cerebellar RSFC were compared between children with and without DD. And the correlations between cerebro-cerebellar RSFC and reading skills were analyzed in all subjects.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared to the TD group, Chinese children with DD showed significantly increased RSFC between cerebellar vermis IX and right superior frontal gyrus, and between cerebellar vermis IX and left middle frontal gyrus. The RSFC between vermis IX and right superior frontal gyrus was correlated with response time of rapid automatized naming (<em>r</em> = 0.198, <em>p</em> = 0.028) and phonological awareness score (<em>r</em> = -0.288, <em>p</em> = 0.002). And the RSFC between vermis IX and left middle frontal gyrus was also correlated with response time of rapid automatized naming (<em>r</em> = 0.223, <em>p</em> = 0.013) and phonological awareness score (<em>r</em> = -0.182, <em>p</em> = 0.048).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Chinese children with DD showed increased RSFC between the vermal cerebellum and bilateral frontal gyrus. It may potentially compensate for their phonological awareness and rapid automatized naming deficits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"186 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143844882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Niacin skin flushing response in patients with schizophrenia: Associations with the efficacy of modified electroconvulsive therapy and clinical symptoms","authors":"Bingbing Sui ,&nbsp;Shuhui Li ,&nbsp;Pingsheng Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaoyue Li ,&nbsp;Mingyue Sun ,&nbsp;Yangying Bu ,&nbsp;Zixiang Li ,&nbsp;Wenwen Miao ,&nbsp;Lei Cai ,&nbsp;Jiawei Xi ,&nbsp;Chuanfu Song ,&nbsp;Wenli Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.04.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.04.025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Schizophrenia (SZ) is a group of chronic neurodevelopmental disorders, and antipsychotic medication is the main clinical treatment. However, approximately one-third of patients demonstrate inadequate response to these medications, which is termed treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). The primary objective of this study was to explore the clinical characteristics of patients with TRS, including positive, negative, general psychotic symptoms and niacin skin flushing response (NSFR), which is considered an auxiliary diagnostic biomarker for SZ, and the improvement of these characteristics after modified electroconvulsive therapy (MECT).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study included 32 patients with TRS, who received MECT combined with antipsychotic medication (SZ-MECT group), and 30 patients with non-treatment-resistant SZ (N-TRS), who received antipsychotic medication alone (SZ-N group). We assessed disease severity with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and NSFR at baseline and at weeks 2, 4, and 6 in all patients.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>At baseline, the SZ-MECT group had greater PANSS scores (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001) and a more blunted NSFR (<em>P</em> = 0.020) than the SZ-N group did, and the PANSS-TOTAL scores were negatively correlated with the NSFR scores (r = −0.361, <em>P</em> = 0.0039). At week 6 after treatment, the SZ-MECT group presented significantly improved PANSS scores (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001) and NSFR blunting (<em>P</em> = 0.010) that were comparable with those in the SZ-N group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Compared with patients with N-TRS, patients with TRS presented more severe clinical symptoms and a more blunted NSFR, which significantly improved after MECT treatment. The NSFR may have good clinical application potential as an auxiliary assessment of severity and MECT efficacy in patients with schizophrenia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"186 ","pages":"Pages 226-234"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143844888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic accuracy of screening questionnaires for obstructive sleep apnea in psychiatric patients","authors":"Maximilian Bailer ,&nbsp;Maximilian I. Sprügel ,&nbsp;Eva M. Stein ,&nbsp;Janine Utz ,&nbsp;Stefan Mestermann ,&nbsp;Philipp Spitzer ,&nbsp;Johannes Kornhuber","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.04.026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.04.026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is prevalent among psychiatric patients and can exacerbate psychiatric conditions. Screening for OSA in this population is challenging due to overlapping symptoms and adherence issues. This study evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of the STOP-Bang, BOAH, GOAL, NoSAS, and No-Apnea screening questionnaires in psychiatric patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this observational cohort study, consecutive psychiatric patients admitted to a single tertiary care center between June 1, 2016 and December 31, 2022 were screened using the STOP-Bang questionnaire and additional data on parameters of the other questionnaires were collected. Polygraphy was performed using the Somnocheck micro CARDIO® system to record the Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI). Diagnostic accuracy was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, sensitivity, and specificity analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 128 patients (median age 61.5 [IQR, 52.3–73.0] years; 77 [60.2 %] men), the No-Apnea questionnaire achieved the highest sensitivity for any OSA (AHI ≤5) at 96.00 % (95 % CI, 89.35 %–98.58 %; AUC, 0.68), followed by GOAL at 92.00 % (95 % CI, 83.78 %–96.27 %; AUC, 0.59) and STOP-Bang at 90.67 % (95 % CI, 81.85 %–95.26 %; AUC, 0.66). The specificities of all questionnaires were low, ranging from 15.09 % (STOP-Bang; 95 % CI, 8.35 %–25.90 %) to 50.94 % (BOAH; 95 % CI, 38.65 %–63.13 %).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The STOP-Bang, GOAL, and No-Apnea questionnaires effectively identify psychiatric patients at risk for OSA, though their low specificity underscores the necessity for confirmatory diagnostics, such as polygraphy. The No-Apnea score, which relies only on objective variables, may offer particular benefits in psychiatric settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"186 ","pages":"Pages 280-288"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143860474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Approach bias modification reduces automatic gaming tendencies and enhances brain synchronization in internet gaming disorder","authors":"Meiting Wei ,&nbsp;Xin Luo ,&nbsp;Jiejie Fu ,&nbsp;Yi-Sheng Dong ,&nbsp;Jiang Liu ,&nbsp;Xuzhou Li ,&nbsp;Guang-Heng Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.04.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.04.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Automatic approaches to gaming-related cues are key factors in internet gaming disorder (IGD). Approach bias modification (ApBM) has been shown to reduce addictive behaviors, but its neurobiological effects remain poorly understood. This study examined changes in brain activities in the ‘natural’ state in IGD patients after ApBM.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Fifty-five (of 61) IGD patients were randomly assigned to the approach–avoidance task (AAT, n = 30) and sham-AAT (n = 25) groups. Participants completed the pre-test, five real/sham ApBM sessions, and the post-test. In the pre-and post-tests, fMRI data were collected while viewing gaming and neutral videos. Inter-subject correlation (ISC) and functional connectivity (FC) analyses were conducted to explore the ApBM-related changes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>ANOVA of behavioral data revealed that ApBM significantly decreased the approach bias and addiction scores. The ISC analyses revealed increased synchronization in the paracentral lobule, precuneus, and insula regions in the ATT group after ApBM. Additionally, decreased FC was observed between the insula and superior frontal gyrus, precuneus, and orbitofrontal cortex in the AAT group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Preliminary findings suggest that ApBM may be effective in reducing automatic approach tendencies toward gaming cues, highlighting its potential as an intervention strategy. However, it is important to note that the neurobiological evidence in this study only provides a possible association, and the results should be interpreted with caution. Future research is needed to further examine the clinical efficacy of ApBM in IGD, whether as a stand-alone treatment or as an adjunct to formal therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"186 ","pages":"Pages 263-272"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143855746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prozac exposure during adolescence increases pain sensitivity in adulthood","authors":"Anapaula Themann,&nbsp;Minerva Rodriguez,&nbsp;Daniel E. Calvo,&nbsp;Paulina Vargas,&nbsp;Sergio D. Iñiguez","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.04.027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.04.027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Psychotropic medication prescription rates, particularly of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine (<strong>FLX</strong><strong>; Prozac</strong>), are on the rise in the female adolescent population. Particularly, because FLX is dispensed for the treatment of numerous mood-related illnesses, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, as well as for pain management. Although FLX is deemed efficacious shortly post/during chronic treatment, the potential for unexpected long-term side effects has not been thoroughly assessed. For this reason, in this brief report, we examined whether exposure to FLX, during adolescence, influences thermal nociception in adulthood. To do this, postnatal day (<strong>PD</strong>)-35 female C57BL/6 mice were exposed to FLX (250 mg/L in drinking water) for 15 consecutive days (PD35-49). Once mice reached adulthood (PD70) they were evaluated on thermal nociception sensitivity adopting the hot plate test. We found that adult mice with FLX history displayed reductions in body weight (g) as well as reduced time (s) to display hindpaw-licking behavior, when compared to controls. These outcomes suggest that juvenile FLX exposure induces thermal hyperalgesia in adulthood, thus questioning the safety of antidepressant exposure during early-life stages of development in the female population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"186 ","pages":"Pages 200-204"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143844883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of family structure on depressive symptoms in secondary school students: The mediating role of emotional neglect","authors":"Yanjing Ban ,&nbsp;Chang Xu ,&nbsp;Zhonghui Liu ,&nbsp;Yin Li ,&nbsp;Yu Han ,&nbsp;Wei Xi ,&nbsp;Fengqin Li ,&nbsp;Qian Wang ,&nbsp;Xianwei Zhang ,&nbsp;Xin Zhang ,&nbsp;Lei Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.04.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.04.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>A growing body of research has identified the influence of family factors on depression. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different family structures on adolescent depressive symptoms and to investigate the mediating role of adverse childhood experiences between family structure and adolescent depressive symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Stratified whole cluster sampling was used. Junior and senior high school students were randomly selected from three schools in one district each in urban and rural areas. Depressive symptoms and traumatic events were investigated through the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) questionnaire and the Adverse Childhood Experiences International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ). Adolescent family structure types were classified using latent category analysis (LCA), and mediation models were used to explore the mediating effects of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) between family structure and depressive symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>After LCA analysis, three family structure types were delineated: Nuclear Family, Paternal Grandparents Family (single father + paternal grandparents as primary caregivers), and Paternal Grandparents Family (single mother + maternal grandparents as primary caregivers). Detection rate of depressive symptoms in non-nuclear families was 27.2 %; adolescent depressive symptoms were higher in Paternal Grandparents Family compared to Nuclear Family (OR = 0.823, 95 % CI:0.037,1.610, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05); the difference in adolescent depressive symptoms in Maternal Grandparents Family was not significant (OR = −0.504, 95 % CI: −1.570,0.561). The mediating effect of emotional neglect was only present in the association between Paternal Grandparents Family and depressive symptoms in secondary school students [β(95 %CI) = 0.490 (0.153,0.845)], with a mediating effect proportion of 58.40 %.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Depressive symptoms are more prominent among secondary school students in non-nuclear families, especially Paternal Grandparents Family. Emotional neglect, which may be triggered by the absence of the mother's role, increases the risk of depressive symptoms among secondary school students.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"186 ","pages":"Pages 154-162"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcranial alternating current stimulation in subjects with insomnia symptoms: A randomized, double-blind and controlled study","authors":"Minji Lee ,&nbsp;Jung Kyung Hong ,&nbsp;Yeaeun Lee ,&nbsp;In-Young Yoon","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.04.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.04.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>This study evaluated whether transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), a non-invasive brain stimulation technique, could alleviate insomnia symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants exhibiting insomnia symptoms without meeting the criteria for insomnia disorder were recruited and randomized into 0.5 Hz, 100 Hz, or a sham group. To maximize the delivery of intracranial stimulation, a carrier frequency of 10 kHz was utilized. Participants were required to use the device for 30 min, twice daily for six weeks.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Eighty-seven participants (74 females, mean age = 54.15 ± 0.73 years) were randomized and completed the trial. The Insomnia Severity Index scores showed significant improvement across all three groups without a significant difference between groups (sham: 13.83 to 8.45, <em>p &lt; 0.05</em>; 0.5 Hz: 12.03 to 8.79, <em>p &lt; 0.05</em>; 100 Hz: 12.38 to 7.83, <em>p &lt; 0.05</em>). In the average sleep diary over four days, sleep latency (SL) and wake after sleep onset (WASO) decreased in all three groups (sham, 0.5 Hz, 100 Hz) without significant group by visit interaction (SL: −5.74 min, −8.94 min, −16.53 min, respectively, <em>p = 0.345</em>; WASO: −10.74 min, −23.62 min, −16.73 min, respectively, <em>p = 0.431</em>). No significant improvements were observed in actigraphy-based sleep measures.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>tACS did not demonstrate greater efficacy than sham treatment in ameliorating symptoms of insomnia. Future studies should account for the potent placebo effect on sleep and the potential for high carrier frequencies to obscure the target frequencies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"186 ","pages":"Pages 129-136"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longing for touch and the vicarious perception of CT-optimal touch in clinical outpatients","authors":"B. Hasenack ,&nbsp;B. Montagne ,&nbsp;A. Keizer","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.04.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.04.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Longing for touch (LFT) can be defined as a discrepancy between the amount of touch that is desired and received. Previous studies have shown that LFT is prevalent in non-clinical populations, and that it is associated with an altered perception of CT-optimal touch. However, little is known about the prevalence and potential perceptual consequences of LFT in clinical populations. It is important to investigate this given the complicated relation with social touch that is often observed in these populations. We therefore assessed LFT in 69 clinical outpatients and 136 control participants in this study. Two videos were used to evaluate the vicarious perception of CT-optimal (3 cm/s) and CT non-optimal touch (30 cm/s). LFT was found to be more prevalent and severe in clinical outpatients. While patients also reported a lower frequency of touch, their subjective touch wish did not differ significantly from control participants. The increased LFT of the patients therefore seems to be primarily driven by an absence of touch, rather than a stronger need for touch. In both groups, LFT was positively associated with the vicarious pleasantness perception of CT-optimal and CT non-optimal touch. This provides further support for the hypothesis that LFT enhances the hedonic value of social touch. Taken together, these results provide valuable new insights into the experience and perception of social touch in clinical populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"186 ","pages":"Pages 205-210"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143844884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depression leading to suicide in United States: A retrospective analysis of CDC WONDER from 1999 to 2022","authors":"Abdullah ,&nbsp;Bazil Azeem ,&nbsp;Momina Riaz Siddiqui ,&nbsp;Samiullah Shaikh ,&nbsp;Ammad Sattar ,&nbsp;Humza Saeed","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.04.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.04.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Depressive disorder is a prevalent mental health condition in the United States, where suicide has been a leading cause of death among depressive patients. This study aimed to analyze suicide mortality trends in depressive disorder patients in the U.S. from 1999 to 2022.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data were extracted from the CDC WONDER database, identifying depression-related and suicide-related deaths using ICD-10-CM codes (F32, F33, F41.2, F92.0) and ICD-10-CM codes (U03, X60-X84, Y87.0) respectively. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 1,000,000 and annual percent changes (APCs) were calculated and stratified by year, gender, age-group, race/ethnicity, region, and urbanization status.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 57,103 deaths due to suicide and depressive disorder were analyzed. From 1999 to 2022, the AAMR significantly increased from 1999 to 2015 (APC: 2.05; 95 % CI: 1.65–2.74; p &lt; 0.0001), followed by a stable trend from 2015 to 2022 (APC: 0.81; 95 % CI: 3.67 to 0.36; p = 0.14). Men consistently exhibited higher AAMRs (10) than women (3.9), with particularly highest rates observed in the 50–59 age group (11.2). Non-Hispanic (NH) White individuals had the highest AAMRs (9.9), followed by NH American Indian/Alaska Native populations (3.7), and NH Black individuals exhibiting the lowest rates (1.9). Rural areas showed significantly higher rates (12.5) compared to urban areas (5.4), with the Western U.S. region experiencing the steepest increases [Average Annual Percent Change (AAPC): 2.44; 95 % CI: 1.76 to 3.49].</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study reveals critical demographic and geographic disparities in suicide and depression-related mortality. Addressing the disproportionate burden on high-risk groups can guide future preventive strategies to mitigate the rising trends (Central Illustration).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"186 ","pages":"Pages 235-243"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143848038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antipsychotic-like pharmacological profile of the low impact ampakine CX691 (farampator): Implications for the use of low impact ampakines in the treatment of schizophrenia","authors":"Daniel P. Radin ,&nbsp;Rok Cerne ,&nbsp;Jodi L. Smith ,&nbsp;Jeffrey M. Witkin ,&nbsp;Arnold Lippa","doi":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.04.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.04.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ampakines, positive allosteric modulators of AMPA-glutamate receptors (AMPAR), have therapeutic implications in neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders in which AMPAR signaling is compromised such as Alzheimer's, ADHD, and schizophrenia. Low impact ampakines are a distinct subset of ampakines that only partially offset receptor desensitization and do not meaningfully alter binding affinity of AMPAR agonists, which may explain their lack of seizurogenic effects seen with other AMPAR positive modulators. Herein, we describe the preclinical pharmacology and antipsychotic activity of the low impact ampakine 1-(benzofurazan-5-ylcarbonyl)piperidine (CX691). CX691 moderately offsets desensitization in hippocampal patches, supporting its designation as a low impact ampakine and penetrates the blood-brain barrier. CX691 is more potent than well characterized high impact ampakines CX614 and CX546 and low impact ampakine CX516 in abrogating amphetamine-stimulated locomotor activity in Sprague Dawley rats. Low-dose CX691 synergistically reduces methamphetamine-induced locomotor activity when paired with approved antipsychotics clozapine and olanzapine. In rats treated chronically with amphetamine, CX691 retains antipsychotic activity whereas high doses of CX516 lack therapeutic effects. In contrast to haloperidol, CX691 is devoid of cataleptic activity at supratherapeutic doses in rats. CX691 enhances performance in the eight-arm radial maze, a spatial task that assesses hippocampal function, an activity of potential value for ameliorating cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. Taken together, these findings illustrate that low impact ampakines with improved potency might be useful therapeutic interventions in schizophrenic patients when given alone or as adjuncts to ongoing traditional antipsychotic drug therapies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16868,"journal":{"name":"Journal of psychiatric research","volume":"186 ","pages":"Pages 145-153"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}