Journal of Plasma Physics最新文献

{"title":"Perpendicular ion heating in turbulence and reconnection: magnetic moment breaking by coherent fluctuations.","authors":"Alfred Mallet, Kristopher Klein, Benjamin Divakar Giles Chandran, Tamar Ervin, Trevor A Bowen","doi":"10.1017/S0022377825101177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022377825101177","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We study the interaction of an ion with a fluctuation in the electromagnetic fields that is localised in both space and time. We study the scale dependence of the interaction in both space and time, deriving a generic form for the ion's energy change, which involves an exponential cutoff based on the characteristic time scale of the electromagnetic fluctuation. This leads to diffusion in energy in both and . We show how to apply our results to general plasma physics phenomena, and specifically to Alfvénic turbulence and to reconnection. Our theory can be viewed as a unification of previous models of stochastic ion heating, cyclotron heating and reconnection heating in a single theoretical framework.</p>","PeriodicalId":16846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plasma Physics","volume":"92 1","pages":"E13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12957655/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147365812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Particle injection in three-dimensional relativistic magnetic reconnection.","authors":"Omar French, Gregory R Werner, Dmitri A Uzdensky","doi":"10.1017/S0022377825101189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022377825101189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Relativistic magnetic reconnection has been proposed as an important non-thermal particle acceleration (NTPA) mechanism that generates power-law spectra and high-energy emissions. Power-law particle spectra are in general characterised by three parameters: the power-law index, the high-energy cutoff and the low-energy cutoff (i.e. the injection energy). Particle injection into the non-thermal power law, despite also being a critical step in the NTPA chain, has received considerably less attention than the subsequent acceleration to high energies. Open questions on particle injection that are important for both physical understanding and astronomical observations include how the upstream magnetisation influences the injection energy and the contributions of the known injection mechanisms (i.e. direct acceleration by the reconnection electric field, Fermi kicks and pickup acceleration) to the injected particle population. Using fully kinetic particle-in-cell simulations, we uncover these relationships by systematically measuring the injection energy and calculating the contributions of each acceleration mechanism to the total injected particle population. We also present a theoretical model to explain these results. Additionally, we compare two- and three-dimensional simulations to assess the impact of the flux-rope kink and drift-kink instability on particle injection. We conclude with comparisons with previous work and outlook for future work.</p>","PeriodicalId":16846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plasma Physics","volume":"92 1","pages":"E10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12936462/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147326526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial distribution of self-seeded air lasers induced by the femtosecond laser filament plasma","authors":"Tao Zeng, Nan Li, Yuliang Yi","doi":"10.1017/s0022377824000783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022377824000783","url":null,"abstract":"The femtosecond laser filament-induced air laser plays a significant role for the remote sensing of air pollutants. The spatial distributions of air laser intensity were investigated experimentally in previous studies. However, the mechanism of the air laser propagation properties inside the filament plasma has not been quite clear yet. Moreover, few studies have been dedicated to the reproduction of the air laser profile from nitrogen molecules propagating in the filament plasma based on the numerical simulation method. In this study, the lasing action of the air laser from the transition of the first negative (0,0) band of nitrogen ions at 391 nm was simulated during the femtosecond laser filamentation. The beam profile of the air laser changes from a Gaussian or super-Gaussian shape to an outer ring structure by increasing the filament length or nitrogen ion density, which is in accord with the previous experimental result. A multiple-diffraction effect has been proposed to clarify the mechanism of the outer rings beam pattern formation, which is induced by the dynamical interaction between the lasing effect and diffraction effect of the air laser propagating inside the filament plasma. In addition, the amplified air laser power as a function of both the filament length and nitrogen ion density was investigated. Our study would pave the way to improve the energy conversion efficiency and directivity of remote air lasers, which would be significant for remote sensing applications.","PeriodicalId":16846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plasma Physics","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142266460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Encoding of linear kinetic plasma problems in quantum circuits via data compression","authors":"I. Novikau, I.Y. Dodin, E.A. Startsev","doi":"10.1017/s0022377824000795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022377824000795","url":null,"abstract":"We propose an algorithm for encoding linear kinetic plasma problems in quantum circuits. The focus is on modelling electrostatic linear waves in a one-dimensional Maxwellian electron plasma. The waves are described by the linearized Vlasov–Ampère system with a spatially localized external current that drives plasma oscillations. This system is formulated as a boundary-value problem and cast in the form of a linear vector equation <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <jats:tex-math>$boldsymbol {A}{boldsymbol{psi} } = boldsymbol {b}$</jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" mime-subtype=\"png\" xlink:href=\"S0022377824000795_inline1.png\"/> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> to be solved by using the quantum signal processing algorithm. The latter requires encoding of matrix <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <jats:tex-math>$boldsymbol {A}$</jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" mime-subtype=\"png\" xlink:href=\"S0022377824000795_inline2.png\"/> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> in a quantum circuit as a sub-block of a unitary matrix. We propose how to encode <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <jats:tex-math>$boldsymbol {A}$</jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" mime-subtype=\"png\" xlink:href=\"S0022377824000795_inline3.png\"/> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> in a circuit in a compressed form and discuss how the resulting circuit scales with the problem size and the desired precision.","PeriodicalId":16846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plasma Physics","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142266723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantized tensor networks for solving the Vlasov–Maxwell equations","authors":"Erika Ye, Nuno F. Loureiro","doi":"10.1017/s0022377824000503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022377824000503","url":null,"abstract":"The Vlasov–Maxwell equations provide an &lt;jats:italic&gt;ab initio&lt;/jats:italic&gt; description of collisionless plasmas, but solving them is often impractical because of the wide range of spatial and temporal scales that must be resolved and the high dimensionality of the problem. In this work, we present a quantum-inspired semi-implicit Vlasov–Maxwell solver that uses the quantized tensor network (QTN) framework. With this QTN solver, the cost of grid-based numerical simulation of size &lt;jats:inline-formula&gt; &lt;jats:alternatives&gt; &lt;jats:tex-math&gt;$N$&lt;/jats:tex-math&gt; &lt;jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" mime-subtype=\"png\" xlink:href=\"S0022377824000503_inline1.png\"/&gt; &lt;/jats:alternatives&gt; &lt;/jats:inline-formula&gt; is reduced from &lt;jats:inline-formula&gt; &lt;jats:alternatives&gt; &lt;jats:tex-math&gt;$O(N)$&lt;/jats:tex-math&gt; &lt;jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" mime-subtype=\"png\" xlink:href=\"S0022377824000503_inline2.png\"/&gt; &lt;/jats:alternatives&gt; &lt;/jats:inline-formula&gt; to &lt;jats:inline-formula&gt; &lt;jats:alternatives&gt; &lt;jats:tex-math&gt;$O(text {poly}(D))$&lt;/jats:tex-math&gt; &lt;jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" mime-subtype=\"png\" xlink:href=\"S0022377824000503_inline3.png\"/&gt; &lt;/jats:alternatives&gt; &lt;/jats:inline-formula&gt;, where &lt;jats:inline-formula&gt; &lt;jats:alternatives&gt; &lt;jats:tex-math&gt;$D$&lt;/jats:tex-math&gt; &lt;jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" mime-subtype=\"png\" xlink:href=\"S0022377824000503_inline4.png\"/&gt; &lt;/jats:alternatives&gt; &lt;/jats:inline-formula&gt; is the ‘rank’ or ‘bond dimension’ of the QTN and is typically set to be much smaller than &lt;jats:inline-formula&gt; &lt;jats:alternatives&gt; &lt;jats:tex-math&gt;$N$&lt;/jats:tex-math&gt; &lt;jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" mime-subtype=\"png\" xlink:href=\"S0022377824000503_inline5.png\"/&gt; &lt;/jats:alternatives&gt; &lt;/jats:inline-formula&gt;. We find that for the five-dimensional test problems considered here, a modest &lt;jats:inline-formula&gt; &lt;jats:alternatives&gt; &lt;jats:tex-math&gt;$D=64$&lt;/jats:tex-math&gt; &lt;jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" mime-subtype=\"png\" xlink:href=\"S0022377824000503_inline6.png\"/&gt; &lt;/jats:alternatives&gt; &lt;/jats:inline-formula&gt; appears to be sufficient for capturing the expected physics despite the simulations using a total of &lt;jats:inline-formula&gt; &lt;jats:alternatives&gt; &lt;jats:tex-math&gt;$N=2^{36}$&lt;/jats:tex-math&gt; &lt;jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" mime-subtype=\"png\" xlink:href=\"S0022377824000503_inline7.png\"/&gt; &lt;/jats:alternatives&gt; &lt;/jats:inline-formula&gt; grid points, which would require &lt;jats:inline-formula&gt; &lt;jats:alternatives&gt; &lt;jats:tex-math&gt;$D=2^{18}$&lt;/jats:tex-math&gt; &lt;jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" mime-subtype=\"png\" xlink:href=\"S0022377824000503_inline8.png\"/&gt; &lt;/jats:alternatives&gt; &lt;/jats:inline-formula&gt; for full-rank calculations. Additionally, we observe that a QTN time evolution scheme based on the Dirac–Frenkel variational principle allows one to use some","PeriodicalId":16846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plasma Physics","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142266457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of finite electron inertia on helicity-barrier-mediated turbulence","authors":"T. Adkins, R. Meyrand, J. Squire","doi":"10.1017/s0022377824000771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022377824000771","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the partitioning of turbulent energy between ions and electrons in weakly collisional plasmas is crucial for the accurate interpretation of observations and modelling of various astrophysical phenomena. Many such plasmas are ‘imbalanced’, wherein the large-scale energy input is dominated by Alfvénic fluctuations propagating in a single direction. In this paper, we demonstrate that when strongly-magnetised plasma turbulence is imbalanced, nonlinear conservation laws imply the existence of a critical value of the electron plasma beta (the ratio of the thermal to magnetic pressures) that separates two dramatically different types of turbulence in parameter space. For betas below the critical value, the free energy injected on the largest scales is able to undergo a familiar Kolmogorov-type cascade to small scales where it is dissipated, heating electrons. For betas above the critical value, the system forms a ‘helicity barrier’ that prevents the cascade from proceeding past the ion Larmor radius, causing the majority of the injected free energy to be deposited into ion heating. Physically, the helicity barrier results from the inability of the system to adjust to the disparity between the perpendicular-wavenumber scalings of the free energy and generalised helicity below the ion Larmor radius; restoring finite electron inertia can annul, or even reverse, this disparity, giving rise to the aforementioned critical beta. We relate this physics to the ‘dynamic phase alignment’ mechanism (that operates under yet lower beta conditions and in pair plasmas), and characterise various other important features of the helicity barrier, including the nature of the nonlinear wavenumber-space fluxes, dissipation rates, and energy spectra. The existence of such a critical beta has important implications for heating, as it suggests that the dominant recipient of the turbulent energy, ions or electrons, can depend sensitively on the characteristics of the plasma at large scales.","PeriodicalId":16846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plasma Physics","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142269589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonlinear solution of classical three-wave interaction via finite-dimensional quantum model","authors":"Michael Q. May, Hong Qin","doi":"10.1017/s002237782400059x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s002237782400059x","url":null,"abstract":"The quantum three-wave interaction, the lowest-order nonlinear interaction in plasma physics, describes energy–momentum transfer between three resonant waves in the quantum regime. We describe how it may also act as a finite-degree-of-freedom approximation to the classical three-wave interaction in certain circumstances. By promoting the field variables to operators, we quantize the classical system, show that the quantum system has more free parameters than the classical system and explain how these parameters may be selected to optimize either initial or long-term correspondence. We then numerically compare the long-time quantum–classical correspondence far from the fixed point dynamics. We discuss the Poincaré recurrence of the system and the mitigation of quantum scrambling.","PeriodicalId":16846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plasma Physics","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142266458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved axial confinement in the open trap by the combination of helical and short mirrors","authors":"Anton V. Sudnikov, Ivan A. Ivanov, Anna A. Inzhevatkina, Aleksey V. Kozhevnikov, Vladimir V. Postupaev, Mikhail S. Tolkachev, Viktor O. Ustyuzhanin","doi":"10.1017/s0022377824001132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022377824001132","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents experimental results from the SMOLA device, which was built in the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics for the verification of the helical mirror confinement idea. This concept involves active control of axial losses from the confinement zone in an open magnetic trap through the use of multiple mirrors that move in the plasma frame of reference. The discussed experiments focused on determining the cumulative effect of a helical mirror system in combination with a short segment of a stronger magnetic field. Combination of these two methods of axial flow suppression results in higher efficiency compared with each method individually. Different combinations of the mirrors were tested. The most effective flow suppression was observed if the short mirror was placed between the confinement region and the helical mirror. In this configuration, an effective mirror ratio of <jats:inline-formula> <jats:alternatives> <jats:tex-math>$R_{{rm eff}} = 32.6pm 7.8$</jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" mime-subtype=\"png\" xlink:href=\"S0022377824001132_inline1.png\"/> </jats:alternatives> </jats:inline-formula> was achieved, along with a more than three-fold increase in plasma density within the confinement region. The possibility of a cumulative effect of different types of magnetic mirrors offers a way to improve the confinement performance of the reactor-grade mirror confinement devices.","PeriodicalId":16846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plasma Physics","volume":"147 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142266459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlations between X-rays, visible light and drive-beam energy loss observed in plasma wakefield acceleration experiments at FACET-II","authors":"Chaojie Zhang, Doug Storey, Pablo San Miguel Claveria, Zan Nie, Ken A. Marsh, Warren B. Mori, Erik Adli, Weiming An, Robert Ariniello, Gevy J. Cao, Christine Clark, Sebastien Corde, Thamine Dalichaouch, Christopher E. Doss, Claudio Emma, Henrik Ekerfelt, Elias Gerstmayr, Spencer Gessner, Claire Hansel, Alexander Knetsch, Valentina Lee, Fei Li, Mike Litos, Brendan O'Shea, Glen White, Gerry Yocky, Viktoriia Zakharova, Mark Hogan, Chan Joshi","doi":"10.1017/s0022377824000734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022377824000734","url":null,"abstract":"This study documents several correlations observed during the first run of the plasma wakefield acceleration experiment E300 conducted at FACET-II, using a single drive electron bunch. The established correlations include those between the measured maximum energy loss of the drive electron beam and the integrated betatron X-ray signal, the calculated total beam energy deposited in the plasma and the integrated X-ray signal, among three visible light emission measuring cameras and between the visible plasma light and X-ray signal. The integrated X-ray signal correlates almost linearly with both the maximum energy loss of the drive beam and the energy deposited into the plasma, demonstrating its usability as a measure of energy transfer from the drive beam to the plasma. Visible plasma light is found to be a useful indicator of the presence of a wake at three locations that overall are two metres apart. Despite the complex dynamics and vastly different time scales, the X-ray radiation from the drive bunch and visible light emission from the plasma may prove to be effective non-invasive diagnostics for monitoring the energy transfer from the beam to the plasma in future high-repetition-rate experiments.","PeriodicalId":16846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plasma Physics","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142269588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Available energy of plasmas with small fluctuations","authors":"P. Helander, R.J.J. Mackenbach","doi":"10.1017/s0022377824000746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022377824000746","url":null,"abstract":"The available energy of a plasma is defined as the maximum amount by which the plasma energy can be lowered by volume-preserving rearrangements in phase space, so-called Gardner restacking. A general expression is derived for the available energy of a nearly homogeneous plasma and is shown to be closely related to the Helmholtz free energy, which it can never exceed. A number of explicit examples are given.","PeriodicalId":16846,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plasma Physics","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142266722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}