Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Community Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Acute Diarrheal Management in Adults: A Simulated Client Study at Community Pharmacies of Quetta City, Pakistan","authors":"Asad Khan, Q. Iqbal, S. Haider, A. Khalid, M. Hassali, F. Saleem","doi":"10.5530/jppcm.2019.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/jppcm.2019.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: By using a simulated client approach, we aimed to assess the management of acute diarrhea in adults at community pharmacies in Quetta City, Pakistan. Methods: This was a cross sectional, simulated client study. The study was carried out in Quetta, the provincial capital of Balochistan province, Pakistan. Community pharmacies located in the urban region with more than 100 clients per day were targeted for data collection. The simulated client presented himself at the community pharmacies seeking treatment for acute diarrhea with a pre-planned discussion protocol. SPSS v 21.0 was use for data analysis. Based on the objectives of the study, data was described descriptively as frequencies and percentages. Results: A total of 185 pharmacies qualified for the study as per inclusion criteria but data was available from 155 CPs (83.7%). The average working hours for the CPs were fourteen while qualified pharmacist was only present in fifteen (9.6%) of the pharmacies. The consultation time at the pharmacies ranged from 1-4 mins with a mean of 2.37±0.535 mins. Tablet metronidazole was the most frequent medicine dispensed (78.1%) at the CPs. Dimenhydrinate was dispensed (41.3%) followed by Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) and tablet domperidone (35.5 and 25.8%) respectively. Minimum cost of medicine dispensed ranged from 10 Pakistan Rupees (PKR) i.e. (0.086 USD) to 960 PKR i.e. (8.30 USD). Conclusion: The management of acute diarrhea failed to meet the standard anti-diarrheal treatment as proposed by the guidelines. Therefore, a substantial improvement of pharmacy practice at the community pharmacies is urgently needed. Key words: Acute Diarrheal Management, Community Pharmacies, Quetta, Simulated Client Study,","PeriodicalId":16825,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Community Medicine","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80121610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Community Pharmacies in Rational use of Medicines: A Scenario in Pakistan","authors":"F. Aslam","doi":"10.5530/JPPCM.2019.1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/JPPCM.2019.1.8","url":null,"abstract":"According to FIP Global Pharmacy Workforce Report there are more than 80,000 pharmacies in Pakistan and 12000 pharmacists. [1] Whereas more than 708 pharmacists of Pakistan have departed abroad for their better future. [2] Only 10% of pharmacists are involved in community pharmacy practices. It means that 1130 pharmacists are available for more than 80,000 pharmacies. So 99.98 % pharmacies are working without pharmacists. If we include the services of pharmacy technicians which are about 40000 shows that almost half of pharmacies are without qualified persons. [1,3] Read more....","PeriodicalId":16825,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Community Medicine","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83766319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Community Based Study on the Attitude of Family towards Elderly, Girl Child Education, Nutrition and Health Care in the Rural Field Practice Areas of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Mangalore","authors":"Narayana Venkateshkrishna, P. Palatty, S. Suresh","doi":"10.5530/jppcm.2019.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/jppcm.2019.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The rural population is consistently less well off than the urban population with respect to health. Rural residents often experience barriers to health care that limit their ability to obtain the care they need. Therefore, sufficient healthcare access, necessary and appropriate services must be available in timely manner. This study helps us in knowing how people in rural and urban areas are dealing with their health, their attitude towards the elderly people and importance of girl child education, nutrition and health care. Objectives: 1. To know the attitude of the people towards the geriatric age group and also towards the girl child education, nutrition and health care. 2. To study the opinion of the people regarding the different systems of medicine and their preferences between the public and private healthcare and also their views on the satisfaction of treatment which they received. Methodology: It is a cross – sectional, descriptive, questionnaire-based study. A Community based study was conducted in the rural field practice areas of Department of Community Medicine, Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India between 25.09.2017 to 5.10.2017. The sample size was calculated using the purposive sampling technique. About 227 questionnaires were used to interview the subjects. Results: 191(84.1%) of people told that the elderly were not a burden financially or physically and 190(83.07%) told they were not a burden mentally. 215(94.7%) agreed about the girl child education and health care and 217(97.7%) told that same food was served to men and women in their families. 210(92.5%) believed in modern medicine, 151(66.5%) preferred private doctors and 214(94.3%) of people were satisfied with the treatment they received. Conclusion: Majority of the elderly are looked after well and not considered as a burden. Equal importance is given to the girl child education, nutrition and health care. Most of the people believed in the modern system of medicine, preferred the private doctors for treatment and also were satisfied with the treatment they received. Key words: Attitude, Elderly, Girl child education, Nutrition, Health care.","PeriodicalId":16825,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Community Medicine","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74711384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Pharmaceutical Care Services Provided by Clinical Pharmacists on Type-2 Diabetes Patients","authors":"Komal R Choudhary, Monika Mali, Kamini Bhavsar, Sunita Pawar, A. Diwan, S. Barsode","doi":"10.5530/JPPCM.2019.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/JPPCM.2019.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The study aimed to provide diabetic pharmaceutical care and evaluate the effect in terms of glycaemic control and blood pressure. Methods: Randomized, interventional, controlled and comparative clinical study was conducted recruiting a total of 152 type 2 Diabetes mellitus outpatients. The control group received only common clinical care from medical staff, whereas the intervention group received additional pharmaceutical care from clinical pharmacists. Biochemical data such as blood pressure, fasting and post prandial blood sugar were collected pre and post intervention. Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) questionnaire was administered to both groups before and after intervention. Changes in outcome were measured using t-test and independent t-test. For statistical significance, P Key words: Diabetes, Pharmaceutical Care, Type 2 Diabetes, KAP, Clinical pharmacists.","PeriodicalId":16825,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Community Medicine","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73596702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive Impairment and Memory Loss in Diabetes: A Myth or Reality","authors":"M. Malik, Sidra Bi, A. Hussain","doi":"10.5530/jppcm.2019.1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/jppcm.2019.1.7","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes itself might not be a risk factor but mismanagement and poor control of disease may lead to the problem. High blood glucose levels, elevated blood pressure, obesity and high cholesterol collectively lead to complications including decline in cognitive ability. The present study was designed to explore the factors effecting cognitive impairment and memory loss among diabetes patients in twin cities of Pakistan. A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used. A pre-validated data collection tool i.e. Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) questionnaire, which is a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients was distributed to a sample of 386 diabetes patients. After data collection the data was cleaned, coded and statistically analyzed using SPSS version 21. Out of 386 respondents 97.75% (n=377) had normal cognition level, 2.3% (n=9) had mild decline in cognition level while none of the respondents had moderate or severe cognitive impairment. Significant association for cognitive impairment and demographic variables such as gender (p = 0.006) was observed. However, no significant association for cognitive impairment was observed for age, qualification, duration and type of disease, class of medication, income level, control of disease and medication adherence. The present study concluded that majority of the diabetes patients did not show cognitive impairment and memory loss. However, mild cognitive decline was observed among males, elderly and more common in type II diabetes patients. Better qualification and income can improve knowledge, adherence and disease appraisal resulting in better approach towards management of disease. This in turn can positively affect cognition and memory loss. Thus, it can be assumed that diabetes might not directly play major role in cognitive impairment and memory loss but its poor management may affect psychomotor functions of the patients. Key words: Cognitive impairment, Memory loss, Diabetes, Pakistan.","PeriodicalId":16825,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Community Medicine","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75920983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obligations of Editors and Editorial Board Members: A Gentle Reminder","authors":"F. Saleem, M. Hassali, Akam Ahmed","doi":"10.5530/jppcm.2019.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/jppcm.2019.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"The current editorial is an attempt to prompt the journal offices and to remind themselves of their editorial commitments towards the authors. Furthermore, this need to be clarified here that it is not applicable to all journal offices and the examples going to be discussed in the preceding section are only handful. To summarize our viewpoint, following are the examples of editorial practices that are observed by authors submitting manuscripts to peer review journals. Read more.....","PeriodicalId":16825,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Community Medicine","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87663354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Single Point Assessment of Prevalence and Pattern of Sports Injuries among Young Indian Adults","authors":"Rashid Ishfaq, T. Pramil","doi":"10.5530/JPPCM.2019.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/JPPCM.2019.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Participation in sports entails a risk of injury for all athletes. Sports injury ranks among the major public health problems because substantial morbidity and cost goes parallel. This study aims to assess the prevalence and patterns of sports injuries among young Indian adults. Methodology: This crosssectional study utilized a self-administered questionnaire conducted at National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Punjab, India. The data obtained from 146 participants from sister institutions across the country is presented. A complete enumeration of the study subjects was performed. The data was computed using Microsoft excel® and free version of SPSS. Results: The studied sample had 46.5% of prevalence of sports injuries. Males were mostly affected by injuries. 40.1% of prevalence was reported among those participants who were devoid of coaching facilities. The practice of preventive measures was also low. Participants played lawn tennis followed by kabaddi and volleyball suffered more injuries. Injuries are not covered by any insurance policy; and, out of pocket expenditure was high. Conclusion: Lack of technical expertise in sports injury management is a matter of concern as large of participants reported lack of coaching facilities. The results of this study also demand that attention be paid towards preventive measures and periodic health screening to promote youngsters to continue to enjoy sports in a safer way. Finally, it may pave way for sensitization in young students at the college/school level. Key words: Injury, Sports, Financial Dimension, Athlete.","PeriodicalId":16825,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Community Medicine","volume":"310 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76444668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Potential Drug-Drug Interactions (DDIs) Incidence in Critically ill Patients","authors":"M. Pal, V. Pawar, D. Bharambe, U. Tewary, M. Setia","doi":"10.5530/jppcm.2018.4.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/jppcm.2018.4.48","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: We evaluated the instances of potential Drug-Drug Interactions (DDIs) in critically ill patients in a private care center, Mumbai, India and studied the factors associated with these. Methods: This is a secondary data analysis of 107 individuals from an intensive care unit in Mumbai, India. We used Medscape’s multidrug interaction checker to identify and analyse the pattern of potential DDIs. We used the poison regression models for count outcomes to adjust for potential confounders (age, sex, co-morbidities). Key findings: The total number of interactions was 433 [41.4% (95% Confidence Intervals [CI]: 37.6% - 45.6%)]. These interactions were highest in > 80 years (56.8%, 95% CI: 45.0% - 70.8%). About 28% (95% CI: 25.4% - 31.9%) interactions were classified as ‘significant’ and only 0.1% (95% CI: 0.0% - 0.5%) were classified as ‘contraindicated’ interactions. The interactions were significantly higher in individuals with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) (Rate Ratio [RR]: 1.86, 95% CI: 1.45, 2.41). Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) were significantly less likely to have interactions affecting distribution (RR: 0.17, 95% 0.04, 0.77) and metabolism (RR: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.22, 0.65). Patients with renal disorders had significantly lower pharmacokinetic interactions (RR: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.23, 0.91). Conclusions: Though minor interactions were common, the proportion of contraindicated and serious interactions was low. Physicians, probably, were careful while prescribing medications to patients with DM, liver and renal diseases. However, this apparently was not the case in patients with CVDs. Thus, along with regular monitoring, it is important to train and advocate information about drug interactions with physicians of all specialties. Key words: Drug-drug interactions, Liver, Kidney, Cardio-vascular diseases.","PeriodicalId":16825,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Community Medicine","volume":"163 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75377558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"National Analysis of Network Drug Information Centers: Education, Training and related Cost at Ministry of Health Hospitals in Saudi Arabia","authors":"Y. Alomi, Amani Abdullah Bahdailah, Arwa Kefah Alohaly","doi":"10.5530/jppcm.2018.4.54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/jppcm.2018.4.54","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To explore analysis of network Drug Information Education and training services with the related cost at Ministry of Health (MOH) institutions. Methods: This is a simulation of a 2-months crosssectional survey of all drug information centers at MOH Hospitals. Any drug opened and provided services to health care professionals and the public participated in the questionnaire. All type of drug information centers national, regional or local at healthcare institutions including in the survey. All type of hospitals or primary care centers included in the survey (public, pediatric, maternity, psychiatry) included in the study. The survey consisted of two part. Demographics data and questions about education and training activity of drug information centers. It included education and training programs and activities for pharmacy staff and healthcare professional and training services for pharmacy student, pharmacy technician students and pharmacy residency programs with related cost analysis. All analysis done by using an electronic Survey Monkey system. Results: The survey distributed to sixty drug information centers with the total responded forty-six center, the response rate was 76.66 %. The majority of hospitals 11 (23.9%) with (100-199) and 11 (23.9%) with (200-299 beds). In the pharmacy training programs, the highest workload and cost implicated was Pharm. D or Master Pharmacist on job training programs (1.34 FTE) with average daily cost was (170.12 USD). The highest daily workload and cost of education and training activities delivered to the healthcare professional was short education courses 1-5 days (0.72 FTE) with average daily cost was (91.53 USD). The highest daily workload and cost of education and training activities delivered by Drug Information Centers to Pharmacy staff was specialized Pharmacist Residency Program needed (6.56 FTE) with average daily cost was (832.13 USD). The highest workload and cost of education and training activities of drug information staff was specialized Pharmacist Residency Program needed (3.42 FTE) with average daily cost was (433.89 USD). Conclusion: One-third of the network drug information centers had education and training services despite the deficiency of the staff. Targeting of expanding the training services are highly recommended to cover the demand for hospital services. Key words: Network, Drug Information centers, Education, Training, Cost, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia.","PeriodicalId":16825,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Community Medicine","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76117984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilization of Statins in Reducing Comorbidities of Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review","authors":"Mudasir Maqbool, Imran Gani","doi":"10.5530/JPPCM.2018.4.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5530/JPPCM.2018.4.46","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Medical care for the patients with diabetes, especially medication regimens, has become more complex over time, producing a barrier to achieving evidence-based goals of treatment. National and international clinical guidelines in the prevention of cardiovascular risk in diabetics advocate the utilization of statin therapy in appropriate patients. In this review, we will systematically review about utilization of Statins in reducing Comorbidities of Diabetes Mellitus. Methods: We searched the various electronic databases such as: PUBMED, BMJ, LANCET, WHO Website, Unicef Website and Google Scholar for studies related about utilization of Statins in reducing Comorbidities of Diabetes Mellitus. We also checked reference lists of reviews and retrieved articles for additional studies. By systemic searches, we reviewed each paper and retrieved potentially relevant references. Results: Many landmark studies across the world like the Heart Protection Study (HPS), the largest trial to date, confirmed the findings of earlier primary and secondary across a wide range of patients, including those with diabetes mellitus. In diabetic patients, statin therapy was associated with a significant 22% reduction in the risk of a first vascular event. The collaborative Atorvastatin diabetes study (CARDS) a study that involved over 2,800 men and women with type 2 diabetes (aged 40-75 years) and at least one other CHD risk factor, was stopped early when patients in the statin group showed significant reductions in myocardial infarction, stroke, angina and revascularization. Various Clinical trials such as MRC/BHF Heart Protections Study, Collaborative Atorvastatin Diabetes Study (CARDS) etc. showed evidence for the benefits of statins in diabetes. Conclusion: An overwhelming amount of data that confirm the morbidity and mortality benefit of statin therapy in diabetes mellitus have been reported, both in primary and secondary prevention settings. National and international clinical guidelines in the prevention of cardiovascular risk in diabetics advocate the utilization of statin therapy in appropriate patients. Key words: Diabetes Mellitus, Statins, Cardiovascular risk, Comorbidities.","PeriodicalId":16825,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Community Medicine","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87790626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}