Central European Papers最新文献

{"title":"DYSFUNCTIONALITY OF MUNICIPAL SELF-GOVERNMENT BODIES","authors":"Lívia Trellová","doi":"10.25142/cep.2023.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25142/cep.2023.004","url":null,"abstract":"Municipal self-government has been proving for a long time that its existence has a significant role in the conditions of a democratic and legal state. Due to the large number of municipalities in Slovakia, the application practice is faced with the inability of some municipalities to elect their municipal bodies, which at the legal level resulted in the adoption of the institution of incorporation of a non-functional municipality. In the article, the author focuses on the problematic aspects of implementing the incorporation of a non-functional municipality. Similarly, she points out the shortcomings of the legislation in the case of partial non-functionality of individual municipal bodies and suggests available solutions.","PeriodicalId":168251,"journal":{"name":"Central European Papers","volume":"358 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128187036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SELECTION OF PUBLIC POLICY ACTORS AT THE LEVEL OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT","authors":"Ján Machyniak, Leon Richvalský, Stanislav Michal","doi":"10.25142/cep.2023.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25142/cep.2023.002","url":null,"abstract":"Territorial self-government has a significant place in the political system of the Slovak Republic. This fact is confirmed by its emplacement in the Constitution of the Slovak Republic. An inseparable part of self-government are the actors who shape it through their daily activities, most often by their governance in the public interest. This presented paper deals with the issue of local self-government in the conditions of the Slovak Republic, with an emphasis on the selection of its key actors. While expressing our considerations we identify with the assumption that local self-government is a space for political participation of its inhabitants, and in many ways can serve as a model of public administration for actors of public policy at higher levels of the state as well. Due to this reason, our ambition is to provide comprehensive information about the method of selection of directly elected representatives of the local self-government and to conduct critical reflections on the current conditions of this selection.","PeriodicalId":168251,"journal":{"name":"Central European Papers","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125601475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CHALLENGES ON LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT","authors":"W. Beck","doi":"10.25142/cep.2023.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25142/cep.2023.003","url":null,"abstract":"Auch die Kommunen waren als unterste staatliche Verwaltungsebene und vor allem als Selbstverwaltungskörperschaften eine zentrale Ebene zur Bewältigung der Corona-Pandemie. Alle Kommunen hatten während dieser Zeit erhöhte Aufwendungen im Gesundheitssektor, hier insbesondere in der Nachverfolgung von Infektionen sowie beim Aufbau und Betrieb der Testund Impfzentren. Das war auch mit der ständigen Herausforderung verbunden, ausreichend Personal für die Umsetzung der Unterstützungsmaßnahmen zur Verfügung zu stellen. Auch die Ausgaben für die Sozialhilfe sind während dieser Zeit erheblich angestiegen, weil sog. Solo-Selbstständige insbesondere aus dem Kulturbereich arbeitslos wurden. Der wiederholte Lockdown hat zu erheblichen Gewerbesteuermindereinnahmen und auch zu fortwirkenden Belastungen etwa im Schulsektor geführt. Die Kommunen sind im föderalen Staatsgefüge der Bundesrepublik Deutschland nicht allein verantwortlich. Erste Einschätzungen zu den Herausforderungen der Pandemie lassen sich wie folgt zusammenfassen. (Ritgen, 2021, 371 ff.). Es hat sich gezeigt, dass die Bund-Länderund die Länder-Kommunen-Arbeitsteilung bei der Erledigung öffentlicher Aufgaben sich im Großen und Ganzen bewährt hat (trotz einzelner Fehlentscheidungen). (Ritgen, 2021, 374 ff.). Die finanzielle, technische und personelle Unterstützung durch den Bund war hinreichend; allerdings gilt die Koordination und Kommunikation zwischen den Verwaltungsebenen als verbesserungswürdig. Trotz der – schon vor der Pandemie – zögerlichen Digitalisierung im öffentlichen Bereich konnten die zahlreichen Unterstützungsprogramme für die Wirtschaft zumeist elektronisch abgewickelt werden. Gleichwohl steht insbesondere die Forderung nach einer elektronischen Produktplattform für alle wichtigen öffentliche Dienstleistungen nach wie vor auf der Tagesordnung. Eine vollständige Vereinheitlichung der Produkte kann es im Sozialbereich wegen der überwiegend persönlichen Ansprache aber nicht geben. Wenn die „Unübersichtlichkeit“ der gesetzlichen Bestimmungen aus der Sicht der Anspruchsberechtigten beklagt werde, so sei das auch auf die Komplexität der Regelungen zurückzuführen. (Ritgen, 2021, 375 ff.). Da es sich überwiegend um Bundesgesetze handelt, muss hier die Bundesebene die Digitalisierungskosten mittragen. Hinsichtlich der zur Pandemiebekämpfung getroffenen Regelungen ist zunächst das Handlungsinstrument der Rechtsverordnung favorisiert worden. Die enorme Herausforderung für die Gesundheitsämter (Kontaktnachverfolgung, Überprüfung der","PeriodicalId":168251,"journal":{"name":"Central European Papers","volume":"418 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120999892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CONSTITUTIONAL STATUS AND CRIMINAL LAW PROTECTION OF THE RIGHTS OF NATIONAL MINORITIES AND ETHNIC GROUPS IN THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC","authors":"Matúš Vyrostko, Igor Palúš","doi":"10.25142/cep.2023.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25142/cep.2023.001","url":null,"abstract":"The matter and significance of the issue of the rights of national minorities belongs not only to the traditional subject matter of legal and socio-political sciences, but due to its legislative anchoring and actual implementation, it is included among topics that are often problematic, or have a controversial interpretation, which is manifested in plurality, or rather in the difference of opinion on their essence and meaning. However, lawyers, political scientists, sociologists, and also politicians agree on one thing – the rights of national minorities and ethnic groups are subject to constitutional regulation in the domestic environment, they are part of the constitution as the basic law of a democratic state. In this indicated sense, the concept of their constitutional adjustment can be understood in two directions. In general sense – when the status of national minorities and ethnic groups can be characterized as part of the constitutional principles of fundamental rights and freedoms; and in the specific sense – when constitutions grant national minorities and ethnic groups certain specific rights linked to their nationality, or ethnicity (Fridrich, 2013).","PeriodicalId":168251,"journal":{"name":"Central European Papers","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125466577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CHALLENGES RELATED TO LOCAL GOVERNMENTAL CLIMATE POLICY BY THE EXAMPLE OF MUNICIPALITIES OF THE POVIAT OF JĘDRZEJÓW","authors":"J. Podgórska-Rykała, P. Ostachowski","doi":"10.25142/cep.2021.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25142/cep.2021.005","url":null,"abstract":"The climate policy is currently one of the most discussed issues in Central and Eastern Europe. Carbon neutrality, declared by European Union countries to be achieved until 2050, is going to be particularly difficult for such large countries as Poland in the said region. In this paper we focus on the issues related to investments in air and climate protection with particular consideration of the Polish conditions on the level of local government and underline importance of the local government unit of Polish poviat as a convenient area for investment-related cooperation of municipalities, aiming at energy transition of these units into areas friendly for both inhabitants and climate. The research problem is to define most important changes faced by local authorities to implementing in local climate policy. This paper also presents thoughts on development of the idea how to plan local investments to be used in order to achieve energy transition in Poland, it also includes an empirical analysis of investment activity of local authorities in the years 2010–18 in terms of air and climate protection in the poviat of Jędrzejów situated in the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. The considerations included in the research part of the paper were based on results of analyses of local documents, financial reports of local governments being analyzed and information contained in publicly available statistical data","PeriodicalId":168251,"journal":{"name":"Central European Papers","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117098872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PRIVATE FOUNDATION IN THE POLISH LEGAL SYSTEM AS A SPECIFIC INSTITUTION OF THE CIVIL SOCIETY","authors":"Joanna PODGÓRSKA-RYKAŁA, M. Kępa","doi":"10.25142/cep.2021.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25142/cep.2021.009","url":null,"abstract":"The paper is an attempt to analyze the selected features and legal regulations related to foundation’s institutions, as defined in Polish law, as the specific institution of the civil society. As Authors, we are trying to follow the path of one of the most important problems regarding the theory on the civil society, taking the form of the question about locating the civil society somewhere between the public and private spheres. These issues can be especially clearly illustrated with an example or foundation’s institutions, as listing socially or economically useful goals by the lawmakers determine some scope of essential problems seen (not listed here) that could be expressed in the form of the two questions. Firstly, can a foundation be considered a social organization at all? Secondly, can a foundation perform only business activities, as the lawmakers used the conjunction typical for the nonexclusive disjunction? We think there is no simple answer for questions formed in such a way. The considerations included in this paper are included in the scope of social sciences, with particular attention paid to legal sciences and political and administrative science. This text should be qualified as interdisciplinary, though also oriented mostly to analyze legal, economic and social conditions of the essence of a foundation, as the specific formula within which tasks typical for civil society organizations can be executed.","PeriodicalId":168251,"journal":{"name":"Central European Papers","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132886062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SOCIAL JUSTICE AND VALORISATION OF OLD AGE PENSIONS IN THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC 2012-2021","authors":"R. Geffert","doi":"10.25142/cep.2021.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25142/cep.2021.006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":168251,"journal":{"name":"Central European Papers","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130854549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Central Europe Within the European Union","authors":"Iván Bába","doi":"10.25142/cep.2021.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25142/cep.2021.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":168251,"journal":{"name":"Central European Papers","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129065537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN POLITICAL PARTIES AND CHURCHES AS ACTORS OF PUBLIC POLICY IN SLOVAKIA","authors":"Dalibor Mikuš","doi":"10.25142/cep.2021.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25142/cep.2021.007","url":null,"abstract":"The political changes of 1989 affected almost all areas of social life in a decisive manner. In the conditions of religiously based Slovakia, religious freedom is objectively considered one of the key achievements of the velvet revolution. In the process of democratization, the subordination of churches and religious societies to the state was removed, thus creating a new quality of relations. So far, however, there has been no separation of state and churches in terms of their funding, which is the subject of public discussion in the long run. Political parties are key actors in the whole process, as they have the political power to bring about concrete changes. In this article, we focus on the relationship between political parties and churches from several perspectives. On the one hand, we evaluate the role of specific political entities in the process of democratization of society, on the other hand, we analyse the current views of parliamentary political parties on the issue of church financing and general separation. Based on the evaluation of the issue in the countries of the Visegrad Group, we identify various models as example for Slovakia. At the same time, we rely on the conducted interviews with representatives of selected political parties, whom we addressed to maximize the outputs of this paper.","PeriodicalId":168251,"journal":{"name":"Central European Papers","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114567336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Trolleyology\" and autonomous vehicles - moral and legal questions on the application of the doctrine of double effect","authors":"Lea Pődör","doi":"10.25142/cep.2021.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25142/cep.2021.004","url":null,"abstract":"The paper focuses on a classical problem of ethics and law: the doctrine of double effect (DDE). Nowadays the doctrine is more and more popular since AI-technology and superintelligent machines have been developing rapidly. Maybe autonomous vehicles’ most difficult dilemma is the following scenario: an autonomous car gets into an extreme road accident (collision) and the software should “decide” which direction-alternative to choose, but all of those possibilities end with death of human(s). This is a problem which requires a morally and legally justified answer. The principle emphasizes how to achieve a moral justification, what can be the classical cases of DDE and how to solve the most famous classical case, the trolley problem – which can be analogous to autonomous cars’ collisioncase. The paper also higlights whether the doctrine is relevant from the perspective of legal justification and legal solutions, too.","PeriodicalId":168251,"journal":{"name":"Central European Papers","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128016109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}