Journal of plant physiology最新文献

{"title":"A Gln alteration influences leaf morphogenesis by mediating gibberellin levels in tobacco","authors":"Qi-Li Mi ,&nbsp;Hong-Tao Lv ,&nbsp;Fei-Fei Huang ,&nbsp;Li Xu ,&nbsp;Zi-Ying Huang ,&nbsp;Wen-Wu Yang ,&nbsp;Mei-Yun Zou ,&nbsp;Hai-Tao Huang ,&nbsp;Wan-Li Zeng ,&nbsp;Jia-Yin Zhao ,&nbsp;Qing-Xian Chen ,&nbsp;Yong-En Si-Tu ,&nbsp;Hai-Ying Xiang ,&nbsp;Yuan-Qi Jiang ,&nbsp;Zhi-Tong Mai ,&nbsp;Shu-Yuan Ding ,&nbsp;Zhan-Yu Liu ,&nbsp;Bo-Keng Hu ,&nbsp;Liu-Hong Li ,&nbsp;Xue-Mei Li ,&nbsp;Qian Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154437","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154437","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nitrogen is a critical nutrient for plant growth and development. While numerous studies have investigated the mechanisms by which nitrate and/or ammonium regulate plant growth, little is known about whether and how amino acids regulate plant leaf development. This study demonstrates that tobacco plants with altered expression levels of an amino acid transporter (LYSINE HISTIDINE TRANSPORTER1, <em>NtLHT1</em>, Ntab0818090) exhibit significant differences in leaf morphology. Knock-out mutants exhibit elongated and narrower leaves compared to wild-type plants, whereas overexpression (OE) lines display orbicular leaves. Additionally, mutant plants exhibit decreased nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) under half MS medium and delayed development under nitrogen-depleted conditions. Moreover, overexpression lines demonstrate better performance. Although the mutant does not show significant lower level of nitrate or total amino acid content in the developing leaves, its amino acid profile, particularly glutamine (Gln), is significantly altered. Supplementation with Gln in the growth medium, rather than glutamate, can restore the morphological differences observed in mutant leaves, suggesting a pivotal role of Gln in regulating leaf shape. To further elucidate the mechanisms underlying leaf shape regulation, we analyzed endogenous hormone levels and applied exogenous hormones to these lines. Our findings suggest that amino acids transported from source organs, particularly glutamine (Gln), play a key role in controlling leaf development and morphology through the modulation of multiple phytohormones, such as gibberellic acid (GA).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of plant physiology","volume":"306 ","pages":"Article 154437"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143099846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential effects of warming on carbon budget, photosynthetic yield and biochemical composition of cold-temperate and Arctic isolates of Laminaria digitata (Phaeophyceae)","authors":"Angelika Graiff ,&nbsp;Kiara Franke ,&nbsp;Ulf Karsten ,&nbsp;Daniel Liesner ,&nbsp;Francisco J.L. Gordillo ,&nbsp;Concepción Iñiguez","doi":"10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154436","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154436","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cold-temperate and Arctic hard bottom coastal ecosystems are dominated by kelp forests, which have a high biomass production and provide important ecosystem services, but are subject to change due to ocean warming. However, the photophysiological response to increasing temperature of ecologically relevant species, such as <em>Laminaria digitata</em>, might depend on the local thermal environment where the population has developed. Therefore, the effects of temperature on growth rate, biochemical composition, maximum quantum yield, photosynthetic quotient and carbon budget of young cultured sporophytes of <em>Laminaria digitata</em> from the Arctic at Spitsbergen (SPT; cultured at 4, 10 and 16 °C) and from the cold-temperate North Sea island of Helgoland (HLG; cultured at 10, 16 and 22 °C) were comparatively analyzed. Temperature significantly affected growth rates of <em>L. digitata</em> from SPT and HLG, with the highest rates occurring at 10 °C, but growth did not differ between both isolates neither at 10 °C nor at 16 °C. Nevertheless, maximum quantum yield and carbon fixation rate were highest at 4 °C for the Arctic and at 16 °C for the cold-temperate <em>L. digitata</em>. Significantly higher rates of oxygen production and carbon fixation were observed in the cold-temperate relative to the Artic <em>L</em>. <em>digitata</em> at 10 and 16 °C, respectively. Neither temperature nor biogeographic region of origin affected the photosynthetic quotient, and release rates of dissolved or particulate organic carbon. Total carbon and mannitol content were significantly higher in the Arctic compared to the cold-temperate <em>L. digitata</em> at 10 °C, revealing an increased accumulation of storage compounds in the high latitude <em>L. digitata</em>. We conclude that <em>L. digitata</em> from SPT and HLG differ in their sensitivity to increasing temperatures and that the Arctic population from Spitsbergen is likely to benefit from ocean warming, while the temperate population from Helgoland will be negatively affected by further increases in ambient temperature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of plant physiology","volume":"306 ","pages":"Article 154436"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143059494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative study of subcellular distribution, chemical forms, and physiological responses for understanding cadmium tolerance in two garden shrubs","authors":"Shiyin Yu,&nbsp;Shan Wang,&nbsp;Min Tang,&nbsp;Shuzhen Pan,&nbsp;Meixian Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154419","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154419","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban ornamental shrubs have significant potential for restoring cadmium (Cd)-contaminated soil. The Cd enrichment characteristics and tolerance mechanisms of <em>Buxus sinica</em> and <em>Ligustrum</em> × <em>vicaryi</em> were investigated through a simulated pot pollution experiment. Specifically, the Cd content and accumulation in different plant tissues, the subcellular distribution and chemical forms of Cd in the roots, and the effects of Cd on the ultrastructure of root cells under various Cd concentrations (0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg kg⁻¹) were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) As the Cd treatment levels increased, the total biomass of <em>B. sinica</em> gradually decreased, while <em>L.</em> × <em>vicaryi</em> exhibited a stimulation effect at low Cd concentrations but inhibition at high Cd concentrations. (2) The Cd content in different tissues of both shrubs increased with rising Cd levels. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF) indicated that <em>L.</em> × <em>vicaryi</em> has the potential for Cd phytostabilization. (3) Cd in the roots of both shrubs was primarily present in NaCl-extractable form, and was mostly bound to the cell wall. (4) Excessive Cd caused damage to the cellular structure of <em>B. sinica</em>, while the cells of <em>L.</em> × <em>vicaryi</em> maintained normal morphology. (5) In both shrubs, Cd primarily bound to the cell wall through hydroxyl and amino functional groups, as well as soluble sugars. In summary, converting Cd to less active forms, immobilizing Cd in the cell wall, and providing binding sites through functional groups may be crucial resistance mechanisms for both shrubs in response to Cd stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of plant physiology","volume":"306 ","pages":"Article 154419"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143047129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plastid- and photoreceptor-dependent signaling is required for the response to photoperiod stress","authors":"I. Bajaj Hengge,&nbsp;Anne Cortleven,&nbsp;Thomas Schmülling","doi":"10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154429","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jplph.2025.154429","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Prolongation of the light period causes photoperiod stress in plants. The response to photoperiod stress includes the induction of a distinct set of stress marker genes, of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and of stress hormones. In this study, the impact of light intensity and light quality on the photoperiod stress response was investigated. A threshold light intensity of circa 50 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ is necessary for inducing photoperiod stress, indicating the involvement of chloroplasts. Lower photoperiod stress symptoms in retrograde signaling mutants (<em>gun4</em>, <em>gun5</em>) and mutants with constrained plastid function (<em>glk1 glk2</em>) corroborated the role of chloroplasts. Genetic analysis revealed that the photoreceptors phyB and particularly CRY2 are important to perceive photoperiod stress. Overall, these results showed that both plastid-dependent and photoreceptor-dependent signaling pathways are involved in sensing the light conditions causing photoperiod stress and governing the response to it.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of plant physiology","volume":"306 ","pages":"Article 154429"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143074936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cloning the promoter of the sucrose transporter gene PsSUT2 and screening its upstream transcription factors in tree peony","authors":"Mengjuan Chai,&nbsp;Jingjing Han,&nbsp;Qianru Yan,&nbsp;Renxuan Xue,&nbsp;Jiuxing Lu,&nbsp;Yonghua Li,&nbsp;Yan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154410","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154410","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sucrose is an essential energy substance for tree peony (Paeonia Suffruticosa) floral organ development. However, little is known about the sucrose regulatory network in tree peony. In this study, the promoter sequence of the tree peony sucrose transporter gene <em>PsSUT2</em> was cloned. Through cis-acting elements analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), 6 transcription factors potentially regulating <em>PsSUT2</em> were screened. Expression analysis revealed that the 6 transcription factors had similar expression trends with the <em>PsSUT2</em> in all parts of peony at the full bloom stage. Furthermore, a yeast one-hybrid assay revealed that PsMYB20 and PsMADS9 bind to the <em>PsSUT2</em> promoter. Dual-luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that PsMYB20 and PsMADS9 could activate <em>PsSUT2</em> expression. Taken together, our findings suggest that PsMYB20 and PsMADS9 positively regulate <em>PsSUT2</em>, laying the foundation for the construction of a gene network for sucrose regulation in tree peony.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of plant physiology","volume":"304 ","pages":"Article 154410"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142872353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of energy level on reactive oxygen species metabolism during shade-drying of Thompson seedless grapes and its relation to browning","authors":"Yujing Wang ,&nbsp;Yuchen Zhang ,&nbsp;Wei Huang ,&nbsp;Zhen zhen Xu ,&nbsp;Miaomiao Zhang ,&nbsp;Xuetong Zhang ,&nbsp;Cheng Wang ,&nbsp;Fengjuan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154403","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154403","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The browning of Thompson seedless grapes during shade-drying significantly hampers the sustainable and healthy development of the industry. This study investigates the browning phenomenon and reactive oxygen species (ROS) dynamics when Thompson seedless grapes, treated with adenosine triphosphate (ATP), 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), and water (QS), are dried in the shade. The effects of these treatments on ROS metabolism were analyzed through physiological, biochemical, and proteomic analyses. The findings showed that ATP treatment markedly delayed the increase in browning and reactive oxygen content, maintained high activity levels of ROS scavenging enzymes (superoxide dismutase and peroxidase), reduced malondialdehyde production—a membrane lipid peroxidation product—and preserved cell membrane integrity compared to QS and DNP treatments. Proteomic analysis identified three biological pathways involved in ROS metabolism in Thompson seedless grapes: glutathione metabolism, ascorbic acid, and glyoxalate metabolism, and peroxisomal pathways. Exogenous ATP treatment upregulated the expression of 17 proteins (SOD, APX, GPX, GST, GR), with significant increases in GST2 (D7SKQ2), POD1 (F6H095), SOD3 (D7TI74), and SOD4 (F6HTX9) by 1.707, 1.589, 1.644, and 2.213-fold, respectively. Therefore, ATP treatment maintains ROS scavenging proteins’ expression, reduces the accumulation of ROS, maintains a balance in ROS metabolism, maintains the cell membrane stability and suppresses the oxidation of lipids, thus delaying the browning of Thompson seedless grapes. These findings are significant for regulating browning in the shade-drying process of Thompson seedless grapes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of plant physiology","volume":"304 ","pages":"Article 154403"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142864628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive characterization of nutritional components in sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas [L]. Lam.) during long-term post-harvest storage","authors":"Lingxiao Zhao ,&nbsp;Jie Wang ,&nbsp;Weiwei Dai ,&nbsp;Mingjuan Du ,&nbsp;Xibin Dai ,&nbsp;Zhilin Zhou ,&nbsp;Huan He ,&nbsp;Bo Yuan ,&nbsp;Donglan Zhao ,&nbsp;Qinghe Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154404","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154404","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To uncover the variation patterns of the nutritional components in sweetpotato storage roots during long-term storage comprehensively, the general nutrients, phytochemicals, and starch properties of nine sweetpotato varieties with different flesh colors were quantified and analyzed by chemical and physical techniques. During the storage, the starch content decreased firstly and then increased, with sugar content the opposite. The crude protein content and the total dietary fiber content both increased continuously. The β-carotene content decreased or kept constant, while the anthocyanin content showed different variation patterns in the three purple-fleshed varieties. The four types of polyphenols and two types of flavonoids showed no obvious content changes during the storage. The amylose contents of all varieties showed various patterns, while the crystallinity was C-type. The proportion of small-sized starch granules reduced, and the combined proportion of medium-sized and large-sized granules increased. New correlations among the nutritional parameters for each variety were revealed for the first time. Principal component analysis indicated that the orange-fleshed varieties were distinguished from other varieties. Finally, the most storage-resistant variety ZZ3 and the suitable variety for each quality trait was selected. This study provides not only theoretical basis for comprehensive understanding of the nutrient's variations in sweetpotato storage roots during long-term storage, but also guidelines for evaluation of nutritional quality of sweetpotato roots during storage and improvement of storage methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of plant physiology","volume":"304 ","pages":"Article 154404"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142829032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overexpression of the constitutively-active AtCPK1 mutant in tobacco plants confers cold and heat tolerance, possibly through modulating abscisic acid and salicylic acid signalling","authors":"G.N. Veremeichik,&nbsp;O.A. Tikhonova,&nbsp;V.P. Grigorchuk,&nbsp;S.A. Silantieva,&nbsp;E.V. Brodovskaya,&nbsp;D.V. Bulgakov,&nbsp;V.P. Bulgakov","doi":"10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154413","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154413","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) are very effective calcium signal decoders due to their unique structure, which mediates substrate-specific [Ca²⁺]_cyt signalling through phosphorylation. However, Ca²⁺-dependence makes it challenging to study CDPKs. This work focused on the effects of the overexpression of native and modified forms of the <em>AtCPK1</em> gene on the tolerance of tobacco plants to heat and cold. We studied the interaction between the calcium and signalling systems of abscisic acid (ABA) at various temperatures. The hormonal state, stress-induced senescence, and expression of important corresponding genes were investigated. We showed that inactivation of the autoinhibitory domain of the modified constitutively active form of AtCPK1 has a positive effect on resistance not only to long-term cold but also to heat. We showed that the constitutively active form of AtCPK1 under nonstressed conditions activated biosynthesis of ABA, but a decrease in ABA content was detected upon heat exposure. On the basis of our results, we can assume that this effect is achieved through the CPK-dependent activation of salicylic acid (SA) signalling. The obtained data shed light on heat-associated molecular processes and support the possibility of using intradomain modifications of CDPK both for comprehensive study of its functional features and as a bioengineering tool.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of plant physiology","volume":"304 ","pages":"Article 154413"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142895380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrological transport and endosperm weakening mechanisms during dormancy release in Tilia henryana seeds","authors":"Chen Yin Peng ,&nbsp;Yu Wu ,&nbsp;Qi Long Hua ,&nbsp;Yong Bao Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154405","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154405","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seed germination is a pivotal stage in the plant life cycle, with endosperm weakening and radicle elongation serving as crucial prerequisites for successful endospermic seed germination. <em>Tilia henryana</em> seeds exhibit deep dormancy, necessitating a period of 2–3 years to germinate in a natural environment, and the germination rate is extremely low. This study employed morphological and physiological approaches to dynamically analyzing the hydrological mechanism and the endosperm weakening process during the dormancy release of <em>T. henryana</em> seeds. It was found that there was no physiological post-ripening effect of embryos, but there were mechanical and physiological obstacles in endosperm. During the dormancy release process of <em>T. henryana</em> seeds, initial endosperm weakening occurred at the radicle-endosperm interface. In this process, the GA/ABA level is imbalanced along with a continuous decrease in IAA and SA levels. Substantial depletion of storage materials within cells resulted in degradation of endosperm cell contents, forming numerous cavities through which significant amounts of free water entered. As moisture content increased, endosperm hardness gradually decreased to approximately 5 N/0.09 cm². Furthermore, the area and content of lignin and cellulose were reduced by 58.91% and 84.49%, respectively, while the hemicellulose and pectin contents were decreased by 72.11% and 83.50%, in that order. Following treatment, the activity of pectin lyase, propectinase, galacturonase, and cellulase was observed to be 5.81, 8.72, 5.96, and 9.43 times higher, respectively, in comparison to their respective activities before treatment. The physiological changes facilitated the rapid rupture of the endosperm cell wall, leading to a transition in cell morphology from palisade-like to irregular and interlocking, thereby further expediting the weakening and cleavage of the endosperm. Additionally, <em>T. henryana</em> seeds exhibited high carbohydrate composition content throughout their dormancy release process, this extensive utilization of storage substances provided energy for radicle elongation and expansion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of plant physiology","volume":"304 ","pages":"Article 154405"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142846704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stratification of apple seeds in the context of ROS metabolism","authors":"Katarzyna Ciacka,&nbsp;Marcin Tyminski,&nbsp;Agnieszka Gniazdowska,&nbsp;Urszula Krasuska","doi":"10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154407","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154407","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Apple (<em>Malus domestica</em> Borkh.) seeds exhibit deep embryonic dormancy. Uniform germination of isolated apple embryos is observed after 40-day-long cold stratification of the seeds. Stratification treatment modifies the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are regarded as key regulators of seed dormancy. In this study, axes of embryos isolated from seeds stratified for 7, 14, 21, and 40 days differing in dormancy depth were used. After one week of stratification, the increased polyamine oxidase activity enables ROS generation, which is followed by an upregulation of the NADPH oxidase gene expression. Catalase activity increased after 14 days of stratification, suggesting the requirement to maintain ROS concentrations at an optimal level already in the early phase of dormancy removal. When cold stratification was prolonged, accompanied by a significant increase in ROS level, ROS scavenging by catalase was supported by elevated phenolic compounds content. Then, peroxidase activity was also the highest. As ROS-induced phenylalanine (Phe) oxidation leads to the formation of <em>meta-</em>tyrosine (<em>m</em>-Tyr) - a potentially toxic component, the levels of these amino acids were examined. The fluctuation in <em>m</em>-Tyr content indicates the existence of mechanisms in the tissue for the disposal of this compound. Finally, its presence may be mitigated by an increase in Phe levels. Maintaining oxidised RNA at elevated levels from the 14th day of stratification may be crucial for seed dormancy removal, ensuring translation regulation as metabolism resumes. We concluded that dormancy removal of apple seeds by stratification requires a time-dependent sequence of biochemical events reflecting ROS metabolism alterations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of plant physiology","volume":"304 ","pages":"Article 154407"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142872395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}