Journal of plant physiology最新文献

{"title":"Creating of novel Wx allelic variations significantly altering Wx expression and rice eating and cooking quality","authors":"Pei Zhao ,&nbsp;Yuxia Liu ,&nbsp;Zhuyun Deng ,&nbsp;Lingtong Liu ,&nbsp;Tengwei Yu ,&nbsp;Gege Ge ,&nbsp;Bingtang Chen ,&nbsp;Tai Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154384","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154384","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) encoding gene <em>Waxy</em> (<em>Wx</em>), which largely regulates the amylose content of rice grains, is a master module determining rice eating and cooking quality (ECQ). Fine-tuning amylose level of grains is an ideal strategy to improve rice quality. Through fine editing of <em>Wx</em>^<em>a</em> promoter and 5′UTR by CRISPR/Cas9 system, we created 14 types of novel <em>Wx</em> allelic variations, of which MT7 and MT13 were able to alter <em>Wx</em> expression and amylose content of grains. MT7 showed fragment deletion and base insertions in CAAT-boxes, hardly detectable expression levels of GBSSI mRNA and protein, and generated 5.87% amylose in grains. MT13 had fragment deletions in the A-box and the TATA-box, low expression levels of GBSSI mRNA and protein, and generated 9.61% amylose in grains. Besides of the amylose content, MT7 and MT13 significantly reduced protein content and increased lipid content of grains compared with <em>Wx</em>^<em>a</em>. A comparison of MT7, MT13 and other allelic lines demonstrated the importance of base insertion around the second CAAT-box and 31bp-deletion following the second TATA-box in modulating <em>Wx</em> expression. Thus, our study generated two novel <em>Wx</em> allelic variations which significantly alter <em>Wx</em> expression and amylose content of rice grains, providing not only new germplasms for soft rice breeding, but also insights into candidate <em>cis</em> elements of <em>Wx.</em></div></div>","PeriodicalId":16808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of plant physiology","volume":"303 ","pages":"Article 154384"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression of Brassica napus cell number regulator 6 (BnCNR6) in Arabidopsis thaliana confers tolerance to copper","authors":"Yuanyuan Liu,&nbsp;Yuqi Song,&nbsp;Liu Shi,&nbsp;Jiaying Cao,&nbsp;Zuliang Fan,&nbsp;Wei Zhang,&nbsp;Xi Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154383","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154383","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Copper is an essential but potential toxic micro-nutrient in rapeseed. So far, little is known about the mechanism of rapeseed Cu transport and detoxification. Here, we determined the function of Cu transporter, <em>Brassica napus</em> cell number regulator 6 (BnCNR6), in regulating Cu homeostasis. <em>BnCNR6</em> exhibited higher expression level in euphylla and root tips. It was found that in protoplasts and transgenic plants expressing <em>Pro35S:BnCNR6-GFP</em>, BnCNR6 was localized to the plasma membrane (PM). Expression of <em>BnCNR6</em> in the yeast (<em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em>), compensated the Cu hypersensitivity of <em>Δcup2</em> by promoting Cu²⁺ efflux. The overexpression of <em>BnCNR6</em> in Arabidopsis <em>athma5</em> mutant restored its growth, increased its photosynthesis, and reduced Cu²⁺ concentration in the roots. Furthermore, the roots of <em>BnCNR6</em> overexpression lines had lower net Cu influx than in those of the <em>athma5</em> mutant. These results revealed that BnCNR6 is a PM protein which is useful for detoxification to increase tolerance to Cu toxicity. Collectively, our study provides a theoretical basis for reducing Cu stress in rapeseed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of plant physiology","volume":"304 ","pages":"Article 154383"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142720780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PHR1 negatively regulates nitrate reductase activity by directly inhibiting the transcription of NIA1 in Arabidopsis","authors":"Zhongjuan Liu ,&nbsp;Shaoxuan Huang ,&nbsp;Lin Zhu ,&nbsp;Chengquan Li ,&nbsp;Duanmei Zhang ,&nbsp;Mingxue Chen ,&nbsp;Yanan Liu ,&nbsp;Yongqiang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154382","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154382","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), as indispensable mineral elements, both play pivotal roles in plant growth and development. Despite the intimate association between nitrate signaling and inorganic phosphate (Pi) signaling, the regulatory function of Pi in N metabolism remains poorly understood. In this study, we observed that Pi deficiency leads to a reduction in the activity of nitrate reductase (NR), an essential enzyme involved in N metabolism. Furthermore, PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE 1 (PHR1), a key regulator of Pi signaling, exerts a negative impact on both NR activity and the expression of its coding gene <em>NIA1</em>. Importantly, our analysis utilizing yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) techniques reveals the direct binding of PHR1 to the <em>NIA1</em> promoter via the P1BS motifs. Subsequent transient transcription expression assay (TTEA) demonstrates PHR1 as a transcriptional suppressor of <em>NIA1</em>. In addition, it was also observed that the SPX (SYG1/Pho81/XPR1) proteins SPX1 and SPX4 can attenuate the transcriptional inhibition of <em>NIA1</em> by PHR1. Collectively, these findings reveal a mechanism through which PHR1-mediated Pi signal governs N metabolism, thus offering evidence for the precise modulation of plant growth and development via N-P interaction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of plant physiology","volume":"303 ","pages":"Article 154382"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring genetics and genomics trends to understand the link between secondary metabolic genes and agronomic traits in cereals under stress","authors":"Pooja R. Aggarwal ,&nbsp;Muthamilarasan Mehanathan ,&nbsp;Pooja Choudhary","doi":"10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154379","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154379","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The plant metabolome is considered an important interface between the genome and its phenome, where it plays a significant role in regulating plant growth in response to various environmental cues. A wide array of specialized metabolites is produced by plants, which are essential for mediating environmental interactions and their adaptation. Notably, enhanced accumulation of these specialized metabolites, particularly plant secondary metabolites (PSMs), is a part of the chemical defense response that is directly linked to improved stress tolerance. Therefore, exploring the genetic diversity underlying the immense variation of the secondary metabolite pool could unravel the adaptation mechanisms in plants against different environmental stresses. The post-genomic profiling platforms have enabled the exploration of the link between metabolic diversity and important agronomic traits. The current review focuses on the major achievements and future challenges associated with plant secondary metabolite (PSM) research in graminaceous crops using advanced omics approaches. Given this, we briefly summarize different strategies adopted to explore the genetic diversity and evolution of PSMs in cereal crops. Further, we have discussed the recent technological advancements to integrate multi-omics approaches linking the metabolome diversity with the genome, transcriptome, and proteome of these crops under stress. Combining these data with phenomics (the omics of phenotypes) provides a holistic view of how plants respond to stress. Next, we outlined the genetic manipulation studies performed so far in cereals to engineer secondary metabolic pathways for enhanced stress tolerance. In summary, our review provides new insight into developing genetic and genomic trends in exploring the secondary metabolite diversity in graminaceous crops and discusses how this information can be utilized in designing strategies to generate future stress-resilient crops.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of plant physiology","volume":"303 ","pages":"Article 154379"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142643789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A triplicated wheat-rye chromosome segment including several 12-OXOPHYTODIENOATE REDUCTASE III genes influences magnesium partitioning and impacts wheat performance at low magnesium supply","authors":"Leonardo D. Gualano ,&nbsp;Jorge I. Moriconi ,&nbsp;Gilad Gabay ,&nbsp;Gabriela E. Tranquilli ,&nbsp;Pablo H. Pacheco ,&nbsp;Jorge Dubcovsky ,&nbsp;Guillermo E. Santa-María","doi":"10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154376","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154376","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We previously reported a structural rearrangement between wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum</em>) and rye (<em>Secale cereale</em>) chromosomes 1BS/1RS that increased the dosage of <em>12-OXOPHYTODIENOATE REDUCTASE III</em> (<em>OPRIII</em>) genes involved in jasmonate biosynthesis (henceforth, 1RW line), and that drastically reduced primary root growth relative to a control line with the intact 1RS chromosome (henceforth, 1RS). In this study, we show that the increased gene-dosage of this region is associated with increases in the shoot-root partitioning of magnesium (Mg). Moreover, both a CRISPR-edited 1RW line with reduced <em>OPRIII</em> dosage and the 1RW line treated with the jasmonate biosynthesis inhibitor ibuprofen showed reduced differences in shoot-root Mg partitioning than 1RW. The observed differences in Mg partitioning between 1RS and 1RW plants occur over a wide range of external Mg supplies and imply opposite trends of Mg accumulation in roots and shoots. Furthermore, we show an association between the increase of shoot-root Mg partitioning and increased tolerance of the 1RW line to low levels of Mg supply. In summary, our results provide evidence of the role of the jasmonate pathway on the dynamics of Mg accumulation in roots and shoots, which correlates with the performance of wheat plants under conditions of Mg scarcity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of plant physiology","volume":"303 ","pages":"Article 154376"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142622629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sink-source driven metabolic acclimation of winter oilseed rape leaves (Brassica napus L.) to drought","authors":"Mathieu Aubert ,&nbsp;Vanessa Clouet ,&nbsp;Florian Guilbaud ,&nbsp;Solenne Berardocco ,&nbsp;Nathalie Marnet ,&nbsp;Alain Bouchereau ,&nbsp;Younès Dellero","doi":"10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154377","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154377","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The crop cycle of winter oilseed rape (WOSR) incorporates source-to-sink remobilisation during the vegetative stage as a principal factor influencing the ultimate seed yield. These processes are supported by the coordinated activity of the plant’s central metabolism. However, climate change-induced drought will affect the metabolic acclimation of WOSR sink/source relationships at this vegetative stage, with consequences that remain to be determined. In this study, we subjected WOSR to severe soil dehydration for 18 days and analysed the physiological and metabolic acclimation of sink and source leaves along the kinetics in combination with measurements of enzymatic activities and transcript levels. Overall, the acclimation of WOSR to drought led to subtle regulations of central metabolism in relation to leaf growth and Pro-induced osmotic adjustment. Notably, sink leaves drastically reduced their growth and transiently accumulated starch. Subsequent starch degradation correlated with the induction of beta-amylases, sucrose transporters, pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthases and proline accumulation. The functioning of the tricarboxylic acid cycle was also altered in sink leaves, as evidenced by variations in citrate, malate and associated enzymatic activities. The metabolic origin of Pro in sink leaves is discussed in relation to Pro accumulation in source leaves and the up-regulation of amino acid permease 1 and glutamine synthetase genes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of plant physiology","volume":"303 ","pages":"Article 154377"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142622562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interplay of CDKs and cyclins with glycolytic regulatory enzymes PFK and PK","authors":"Aurora Lara-Núñez ,&nbsp;Estefany Damaris Guerrero-Molina ,&nbsp;Teresa Vargas-Cortez ,&nbsp;Jorge Manuel Vázquez-Ramos","doi":"10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154378","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154378","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In plants, as in all eukaryotes, the cell cycle is regulated by the heterodimer formed by cyclins (Cycs) and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), that phosphorylate serine/threonine residues in target proteins. The extensive involvement of these heterodimers in nuclear cell cycle-related processes has been demonstrated. However, recent findings have linked Cyc-CDK complexes to the regulation of cytosolic processes, including various metabolic pathways, suggesting close coordination between the cell cycle and catabolic/anabolic processes to maintain cellular energy homeostasis.</div><div>This study extends the analysis of Cyc-CDK complex regulation in maize to two key regulators of glycolysis: phosphofructose kinase (PFK) and pyruvate kinase (PK). Both are cytosolic enzymes, highly regulated positively and negatively by different metabolites, showing a similar activation pattern in their homotetrameric form and low activity when as dimers/monomers. Each enzyme exhibits two putative minimal phosphorylation motives for Cyc-CDKs, conserved in some plant species and in four (PFK) and three (PK) isoforms in maize. This work demonstrates that both enzymes are active with fluctuating levels of activity along maize germination; also, that they associate with different maize Cycs and CDKs as demonstrated by pull-down assays, as well as their <em>in vitro</em> phosphorylation by recombinant CycD;2-CDKA or CycD2;2-CDKB complexes. Additionally, the inhibition of PFK and PK activity following phosphorylation by active Cycs-CDKB complexes obtained by immunoprecipitation from imbibed embryonic axis protein extracts suggests a narrow and negative regulation of glycolysis as the cell cycle progresses. A decreased carbon flow through this pathway is proposed to divert carbon from sugars towards the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway, thereby promoting <em>de novo</em> nucleic acid synthesis precursors to stimulate cell cycle progression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of plant physiology","volume":"303 ","pages":"Article 154378"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142622561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking the role of novel primary/di-amine oxidases in crop improvement: Tissue specificity leads to specific roles connected to abiotic stress, hormone responses and sensing nitrogen","authors":"Rakesh K. Upadhyay ,&nbsp;Jonathan Shao ,&nbsp;Jude E. Maul ,&nbsp;Harry Schomberg ,&nbsp;Avtar K. Handa ,&nbsp;Daniel P. Roberts ,&nbsp;Autar K. Mattoo","doi":"10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154374","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154374","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Genetic improvements of solanaceous crops for quality and stress responsive traits are needed because of the central role vegetables and fruits have in providing nutrients to human diets. Copper amine oxidase (CuAO) encoding genes involved in metabolism of primary/di-amine nitrogenous compounds, play a role in balancing internal nitrogen (N) pools especially when external N supply fluctuates during growth, development and environmental stresses. In the present study, we investigated the occurrence, molecular evolution and possible role(s) of these unknown genes in tomato crops. Multiple genome-wide bioinformatics approaches led to the identification of eight <em>bona fide</em> CuAO genes (<em>SlCuAO1–SlCuAO8</em>) in the tomato genome with gene numbers like those in Arabidopsis and rice indicating their conserved functional relevance with a tandemly duplicated <em>SlCuAO6-SlCuAO7</em> pair at chr.9<em>.</em> A conserved intron-exon size and phase distribution for <em>SlCuAO2, 3, 4</em> pairs are similar to a recently identified single duckweed <em>SpCuAO1</em> orthologue gene indicating its evolutionary conservation. Synteny analysis showed their closest association to Arabidopsis and but not with rice. Transcriptome data indicated that gene expression for about six genes (<em>SlCuAO1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7</em>) is root specific, fruit specific for <em>SlCuAO5</em> and flower specific for <em>SlCuAO8</em> thus indicating amine oxidation is variable across tissues with a prominance in the root tissue. The majority of <em>CuAO</em> genes are negatively regulated by methyl jasmonate. Positive regulation, however, involves <em>CuAO3/8</em>. Transcript analysis of the ethylene-deficient transgenic lines indicated that ethylene is required for activation of <em>SlCuAO4</em>. <em>CuAO4</em> and <em>CuAO5</em> exhibited most significant tissues-independent gene expression responses across various nitrogen regimes. Drought, heat and N stress identified <em>CuAO5</em> as an overlapping highly expressed gene that corroborates with putrescine accumulation for free and conjugated forms with an opposite abundance of bound forms. Taken together our study highlights new insights into the roles of copper amine oxidation genes and identifies <em>CuAO5</em> as a multiple stress induced gene that can be used in genetic improvement programs for combining heat, drought and nitrogen use efficiency related traits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of plant physiology","volume":"303 ","pages":"Article 154374"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142622565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A simple, cost-effective, and efficient method for screening CRISPR/Cas9 mutants in plants","authors":"Yiping Wang ,&nbsp;Jun Ma ,&nbsp;Yingying Wu ,&nbsp;Shuying Yang ,&nbsp;Pengxi Wang ,&nbsp;Hailei Zhang ,&nbsp;Jitong Li ,&nbsp;Lin Chen ,&nbsp;Weiwen Kong ,&nbsp;Yiji Xia ,&nbsp;Qiong Wang ,&nbsp;Jinglan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154375","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154375","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9)-mediated genome editing system is widely used for targeted mutagenesis in a growing number of plant species. To streamline the screening process for mutants, especially those generated from low-efficiency editing events, there is a need for a rapid, cost-effective, and efficient method. Although several screening methods have been developed to process initial samples, these methods often tend to be time-consuming, expensive, or inefficient when dealing with larger sample sizes. Here we describe a simple, rapid, low-cost, and sensitive screening method for screening CRISPR/Cas9 mutants called PCR-<em>Bsl</em> I-associated analysis (PCR-BAA). This method requires only standard PCR and <em>Bsl</em> I restriction enzyme digestion, as well as agarose gel electrophoresis analysis. This method is particularly well suited for the efficient screening of mutants from larger populations of transformants. The simplicity, low cost, and high sensitivity of the PCR-BAA method make it particularly suitable for rapid screening of CRISPR/Cas9-induced mutants, especially those from low-efficiency editing events.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of plant physiology","volume":"303 ","pages":"Article 154375"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alkaline tolerance in plants: The AT1 gene and beyond","authors":"Yuting Qi ,&nbsp;Yujie Xie ,&nbsp;Mingrui Ge ,&nbsp;Wei Shen ,&nbsp;Yu He ,&nbsp;Xiao Zhang ,&nbsp;Feng Qiao ,&nbsp;Xing Xu ,&nbsp;Quan-Sheng Qiu","doi":"10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154373","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154373","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Salt stress poses a serious challenge to crop production and a significant threat to global food security and ecosystem sustainability. Soil salinization commonly occurs in conjunction with alkalization, which causes combined saline–alkaline stress. Alkaline soil predominantly comprises NaHCO₃ and Na₂CO₃ and is characterized by a high pH. The combined saline–alkaline stress is more harmful to crop production than neutral salt stress owing to the effects of both elevated salinity and high pH stress. Through genome association analysis of sorghum, a recent study has identified <em>Alkaline tolerance 1</em> (<em>AT1</em>) as a contributor to alkaline sensitivity in crops. <em>AT1</em>, which is the first gene to be identified as being specifically associated with alkaline tolerance, encodes a G protein γ-subunit (Gγ). Editing of <em>AT1</em> enhances the yields of sorghum, rice, maize, and millet grown in alkaline soils, indicating that <em>AT1</em> has potential for generating alkaline-resistant crops. In this review, we summarize the role of <em>AT1</em> in alkaline tolerance in plants and present a phylogenetic analysis along with a motif comparison of Gγ subunits of monocot and dicot plants across various species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16808,"journal":{"name":"Journal of plant physiology","volume":"303 ","pages":"Article 154373"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142502616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}