Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Dipoles affect conformational equilibrium","authors":"Eli M. Espinoza ,&nbsp;J. Omar O’Mari ,&nbsp;James B. Derr ,&nbsp;Mimi Karen Billones ,&nbsp;John A. Clark ,&nbsp;Maryann Morales ,&nbsp;Tomasz Szreder ,&nbsp;Bing Xia ,&nbsp;Javier Ceballos ,&nbsp;Ctirad Červinka ,&nbsp;Valentine I. Vullev","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2025.116362","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2025.116362","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electric dipoles are ubiquitous. They affect charge transfer, self-assembly, materials performance, and enzymatic activity. Herein, we demonstrate dipole effects on molecular geometry. An aromatic amide, 5-<em>N</em>-amide derivative of anthranilamide (Aaa), assumes two stable conformations with drastically different dipole moments. In non-polar solvents, Aaa exists predominantly as the conformer with the smaller dipole as nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) and density-functional theory (DFT) analysis reveal. Increasing medium polarity drives the emergence of the other structure with the larger dipole. Splitting of the NMR signals at low temperature is consistent with capturing the two Aaa conformers upon its aggregation. Analysis employing density-functional theory quantifies the dynamics of the equilibrium between the two conformations and how solvent polarity affects it. This synergy between molecular electric dipoles and medium polarity reveals a paradigm for conformational switching.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16782,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-chemistry","volume":"465 ","pages":"Article 116362"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143526650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing photodynamic therapy: Talaporfin-encapsulated silica nanoparticles for red blood cell disruption in cancer treatment","authors":"Ghaseb N. Makhadmeh ,&nbsp;Tariq AlZoubi ,&nbsp;Samer H. Zyoud ,&nbsp;Mahmoud Al-Gharram ,&nbsp;M.H.A. Mhareb ,&nbsp;Osama Abu Noqta ,&nbsp;Abdulsalam Abuelsamen","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2025.116356","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2025.116356","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a highly effective cancer treatment that combines a photosensitizer (PS), and light for targeted cancer cell destruction in present of oxygen. However, the delivery of photosensitizers remains a challenge due to degradation risks and systemic toxicity. This study investigates the encapsulation of Talaporfin, a second-generation chlorin-based photosensitizer, within silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) to enhance PDT efficacy and safety. The research focuses on using red blood cells (RBCs) as a model system, highlighting their critical role in the tumor microenvironment. By targeting and destroying RBCs in proximity to tumors, PDT can disrupt the oxygen supply, indirectly leading to cancer cell death. Talaporfin-encapsulated SiNPs (T-SiNPs) were synthesized via a microemulsion method and characterized for size, morphology, and stability. The photodynamic effects of encapsulated versus naked Talaporfin were evaluated under varying concentrations and light exposure times. Results revealed that T-SiNPs achieved higher therapeutic efficacy, requiring lower concentrations and shorter exposure durations. This enhanced performance is attributed to improved light absorption and ROS production due to reduced aggregation of Talaporfin within SiNPs. Additionally, mathematical equations were developed to correlate the concentrations of encapsulated and naked Talaporfin with the 50% mortality rate (t₅₀) of RBCs. These equations provide a predictive framework for optimizing PDT protocols, enabling the determination of optimal drug concentrations and exposure times without extensive experimental trials. This study underscores the potential of silica nanoparticles as efficient carriers for photosensitizers, enhancing PDT outcomes by targeting both RBCs and cancer cells. The findings pave the way for innovative cancer therapies that leverage nanotechnology to achieve precise, effective, and safer treatments. Future applications of this approach may extend to broader therapeutic areas, further revolutionizing modern medicine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16782,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-chemistry","volume":"465 ","pages":"Article 116356"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143488348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visible light photocatalytic selective oxidation of alcohols by rhodium@graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets as effective catalyst","authors":"Razieh Nejat ,&nbsp;Somaye Shahraki ,&nbsp;Parisa Shahriary","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2025.116360","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2025.116360","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, we present the development of a novel photocatalyst system based on graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) nanosheets decorated with Rhodium, denoted as Rh/g-C₃N₄, in Selective Oxidation of alcohols. The graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets were synthesized from OAT (Oxi Amino Triazine) as a waste material which is a by-product of the melamine unit of North Khorasan Petrochemical Company. The rhodium precursors employed were 5-methyl-5-(2-pyridyl)-2,4-imidazolidenedione and K₃[RhCl₆], which formed Rh metallic nanoparticles on the surface of the g-C₃N₄ support. The Rh particles anchored on g-C₃N₄ are instrumental in enhancing the efficient separation of photogenerated charges and exhibit considerable absorption under the visible-light. More notably, Rh/g-C₃N₄ demonstrates performance that exceeds that of both bare g-C₃N₄ and thecomplex. This new class of heterogeneous photocatalysts demonstrates exceptional activity and selectivity in the oxidation of alcohols under visible light irradiation. A conversion rate of 88 % was achieved using the Rh/g-C₃N₄ photocatalyst after 120 min of visible light irradiation. These features make the developed g-C₃N₄-supported Rh particles a promising candidate for practical applications in organic synthesis. The produced catalyst was characterized using a variety of techniques.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16782,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-chemistry","volume":"465 ","pages":"Article 116360"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143534116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One-step synthesis of multicolor room temperature phosphorescent carbon dots for information encryption applications","authors":"Xuechun Xu ,&nbsp;Jinyue Liang ,&nbsp;Xujing Zheng ,&nbsp;Jie Shen ,&nbsp;Liangliang Lin ,&nbsp;Xiting Chen ,&nbsp;Yiming Zhao ,&nbsp;Wenfei Xue","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2025.116320","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2025.116320","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Room temperature phosphorescent carbon dots (RTP CDs) are widely applied in fields due to their unique phosphorescent properties. However, some current synthesis methods for RTP CDs are relatively complex and the RTP CDs often have poor phosphorescence stability. Here, the multicolor RTP CDs with green and yellow was proposed in a one-step method. Using biuret as the precursor, the introduction of different matrices (boric acid and inorganic salts) makes the RTP CDs emitting different phosphorescence colors. Both of the RTP CDs exhibit excellent resistance to both prolonged UV exposure and ambient air. Structural analysis reveals that the hydrogen bonds formed between the RTP CDs and the matrix exhibits good oxygen-blocking and water-resistance properties, resulting in good phosphorescence stability. The carbonyl and nitrogen heterocycles on the biuret are the main contributors to the phosphorescent emission of the CDs. Moreover, the halogen bonds and covalent bonds between the CDs and the matrix also influence the phosphorescence emission wavelength. Additionally, the RTP CDs were successfully applied in information encryption. This study provides an effective strategy for preparing RTP CDs with improved phosphorescence stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16782,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-chemistry","volume":"465 ","pages":"Article 116320"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143509548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and validation of a green spectrofluorimetric method for brivaracetam determination using N-doped graphene quantum dots: Mechanistic insights and bioanalytical applications","authors":"Reem M. Alnemari ,&nbsp;Maram H. Abduljabbar ,&nbsp;Yusuf S. Althobaiti ,&nbsp;Sameer Alshehri ,&nbsp;Farooq M. Almutairi ,&nbsp;Humood Al Shmrany ,&nbsp;Eid Semer Alatwi ,&nbsp;Ahmed Serag ,&nbsp;Atiah H. Almalki","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2025.116357","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2025.116357","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Brivaracetam is an important antiepileptic drug, and its sensitive and selective determination in biological matrices is crucial for therapeutic drug monitoring and pharmacokinetic studies. However, the currently available analytical methods suffer from limitations such as low sensitivity, high environmental impact, and complex sample preparation. In this work, a highly sensitive and selective spectrofluorimetric method was developed for the determination of brivaracetam in human plasma and pharmaceutical formulations. The method is based on the interaction between brivaracetam and N-doped graphene quantum dots (GQDs) leading to fluorescence quenching. The quenching mechanism was investigated using density functional theory calculations, Stern-Volmer analysis and thermodynamic studies. A static quenching process was observed indicating complex formation between the analyte and nanomaterial. Different factors affecting the quenching efficiency were carefully optimized such as pH, GQDs concentration, and incubation time. The proposed method was validated according to the ICH M10 guidelines and showed excellent linearity in the concentration range of 0.1–2.5 μg/mL with a limit of detection of 0.033 μg/mL. Furthermore, the method displayed good precision and accuracy, and selectivity in the presence of common plasma/formulation excipients. Hence, the developed method was successfully applied for the determination of brivaracetam in pharmaceutical formulations as well as pharmacokinetic monitoring in human plasma samples. The “greenness”, “blueness” and “whiteness” of the proposed method was also evaluated using the AGREE, BAGI and RGB12 metrics, respectively, confirming its eco-friendly, high practicability and sustainable nature transcending the reported conventional analytical techniques, posing the developed method as a promising analytical tool for brivaracetam determination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16782,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-chemistry","volume":"465 ","pages":"Article 116357"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143487741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uptake of luminescent colloidal Ag–In–S nanoprobes by BC cells differing in metastasis propensity","authors":"E. Kontareva ,&nbsp;E. Pershikova ,&nbsp;A. Sizikov ,&nbsp;A. Mutali ,&nbsp;M. Pustovalova ,&nbsp;S. Leonov ,&nbsp;Y. Merkher","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2025.116359","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2025.116359","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the metastasis-dependent cellular uptake of luminescent colloidal silver–indium–sulfur (Ag–In–S) nanoprobes in breast cancer (BC) cells. We developed water-soluble fluorescent semiconductor nanocrystals (quantum dots, QDs) that exhibit exceptional brightness, remarkable photostability, and impressive resistance to photobleaching. The Ag–In–S quantum dots, coated with either mercaptopropionic acid (MPA–Ag–In–S) or branched polyethyleneimine (BPEI–Ag–In–S), demonstrate a broad emission spectrum ranging from deep red to bluish green, achieving photoluminescence quantum yields of up to 47 %. The absorption spectra revealed peaks ranging from 290 nm to 440 nm, with a persistent peak at 555 nm observed across all quantum dots. The size of MPA–Ag–In–S nanoparticles ranged from 2 to 5 nm, while BPEI-–Ag–In–S nanoparticles ranged from 150 to 200 nm.</div><div>We employed a scanning microplate fluorometer to accurately measure the cellular uptake of QDs, normalizing the fluorescence data based on DNA content quantified using Hoechst 33,342 dye. Our findings revealed that cells exhibiting high MP internalized significantly more QDs compared to those with low MP, showing an increase of 1.5–1.7 times. Toxicity assays demonstrated that MPA–Ag–In–S QDs exhibited no toxic effects on both high and low MP cells. In contrast, BPEI–Ag–In–S QDs caused substantial cell death within just one hour of exposure.</div><div>Comparative analysis with commercially available nanoparticles highlighted the superior concentration and fluorescence properties of our synthesized QDs. These results indicate that Ag–In–S nanoprobes may be a powerful tool for distinguishing the metastatic potential of cancer cells, presenting a promising avenue for enhanced targeted cancer diagnostics and treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16782,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-chemistry","volume":"465 ","pages":"Article 116359"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143510663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic behavior of the fluorescence features of Eosin Y in PVA-Borax hydrogel","authors":"Soghra Mohammadzadeh,&nbsp;Ali Bavali,&nbsp;Ali Rahmatpanahi,&nbsp;Farzad Mokhtari","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2025.116358","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2025.116358","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In most biophotonics applications of dye-gel blends, the gel is illuminated by a light source (usually a laser or LED) for a considerable period of time. Therefore, it is crucial to examine the temporal behavior of the corresponding luminescence features. In the present report, a photosensitive hydrogel was synthesized using Eosin Yellow (EY) as the dye, Polyvinyl Alcohol as the polymer and Borax as the cross-linking agent (EY-PVA-Borax hydrogel). Dynamic behavior of the corresponding fluorescence emission due to excitation of by a diode laser at λ = 445 nm (which is the isosbestic point of the EY absorption spectrum during the photodegradation process) were studied parametrically and evaluated using difference spectra analysis (DSA). In general, the wavelength at the fluorescence peak underwent hypsochromic shift with irradiation time, while the intensity increased in the first 9.0 s and then decreased gradually. Hydrogen bonding between the hydroxyl group of PVA and the carboxyl group of EY, aggregation of the EY molecules and debromination of the EY monomers under light irradiation were considered to explain the dynamic behavior of the fluorescence emission from the gel. Considering the use of hydrogels as photo-convertors, the influence of gel layer thickness on the fluorescence spectrum was examined. The results obtained are of particular importance for the design of fluorescence-based biosensors and also in the field of fluorescence biomodulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16782,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-chemistry","volume":"465 ","pages":"Article 116358"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143479407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recognition-enrichment-in-situ degradation of p-chlorophenol by Fe-IL@UIO-66","authors":"Yanhao Xu,&nbsp;Ziyi Zhong,&nbsp;Pinle Zhang,&nbsp;Huancheng Huang,&nbsp;Kuan Cai,&nbsp;Xinliang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2025.116347","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2025.116347","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) represent a significant environmental and health risk due to their high toxicity, persistence, strong accumulation potential, and adverse effects on human health. 4-Chlorophenol (4-CP), a type of POP, has low catalytic efficiency at low concentrations and is easily interfered with by other pollutants, making its degradation challenging. A new “recognition-enrichment-in-situ degradation” strategy is introduced to selectively remove chlorophenols from contaminated aqueous environments. In this study, ionic liquids were incorporated into the UIO-66 framework as active sites for selective adsorption. 4-CP contains phenolic hydroxyl groups and exhibits high polarity. The dispersive interactions between 4-CP and ionic liquids, along with hydrogen-bonding interactions between the Tf₂N anion and the hydroxyl groups of 4-CP, enhance the selective enrichment of 4-CP within the nanocavities of the metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). Fe³⁺ was then introduced, enabling in-situ degradation of 4-CP through photo-induced generation of free radicals and cavities from H₂O₂ catalyzed by Fe-IL@UIO-66. The results indicated that the adsorption capacity of IL@UIO-66 for 4-CP reached 53 %, significantly higher than that for five other organic pollutants. The adsorption capacity of IL@UIO-66 for 4-CP reached 509.5 mg g⁻¹, 49.9 % greater than that of the original UIO-66. The degradation efficiency of 4-CP by Fe-IL@UIO-66 increased from 61 % to 81 %, and after four cycles, the material retained a catalytic activity with a degradation efficiency of 64.2 %. This study provides valuable insights into the recognition-enrichment-in-situ catalytic strategy for treating low-concentration, highly toxic wastewater.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16782,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-chemistry","volume":"465 ","pages":"Article 116347"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143509549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Total internal reflection-driven uniform light field engineering for UV-LED water disinfection: A 12-fold performance enhancement in cylindrical reactors","authors":"Zekai Hong,&nbsp;Taige Dong,&nbsp;Aixin Luo,&nbsp;Guangda Du,&nbsp;Ying Dong,&nbsp;Chuyu Qing,&nbsp;Guanlang Sun,&nbsp;Yongkuan Li,&nbsp;Bingfeng Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2025.116348","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2025.116348","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ultraviolet (UV) disinfection technology has become increasingly recognized for its effectiveness in pathogen inactivation. Recent advancements have introduced ultraviolet light emitting diodes (UV-LEDs) as a preferable option to traditional UV sources, offering notable advantages. This study focuses on the optimization of a UV water disinfection reactor by utilizing computational simulation to improve disinfection efficiency. Through the integration of total internal reflection (TIR) lenses with UV-LED light sources, the proposed reactor design achieves a more uniform light distribution, with relative standard deviation (RSD) values below 0.3. By this method, the result demonstrates more than a 12-fold improvement in radiation dose (R dose) delivering over conventional reactor designs. The investigation on the light field uniformity reveals that the light distribution within the reactor chamber varies depending on the structural differences. This outcome facilitates the optimization of reactor design. Simulations with contaminated water further validate the enhanced performance of the optimized reactor in applications, emphasizing the potential of UV-LED technology in advancing water disinfection processes. The comprehensive findings of this study offer valuable insights and guidance for the refinement of UV water disinfection reactor establishment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16782,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-chemistry","volume":"465 ","pages":"Article 116348"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143520287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"B, S, N co-doped carbon dots-based highly sensitive and rapid nanoprobe for monitoring of pepsin activity in human saliva and its cell imaging","authors":"Haitham Saad Al-mashriqi ,&nbsp;Pascaline Sanga ,&nbsp;Eskandar Qaed ,&nbsp;Jia Chen ,&nbsp;Xin Li ,&nbsp;Yunyun Zhang ,&nbsp;Hongdeng Qiu","doi":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2025.116349","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jphotochem.2025.116349","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is widespread, but screening is difficult due to its non-specific symptoms. Detecting pepsin in saliva is a non-invasive and specific diagnostic method, yet it requires enhancements in reaction time, selectivity, and sensitivity. In this study, a highly sensitive detection method has been developed for monitoring pepsin activity in human saliva based on boron, sulfur, and nitrogen co-doped carbon dots (BSN-CDs) for the first time. The manufactured BSN-CDs exhibit exceptional photoluminescent properties, high water solubility, and stability in varying salt concentrations and pH levels. The nanoprobe shows a fast response time and a wide detection range from 0 to 60 µg/mL for pepsin with a detection limit of 0.24 µg/mL, making it a valuable tool for clinical diagnostics. To our knowledge, this is the most responsive material for pepsin activity reported to date. The method’s viability was confirmed by accurately measuring pepsin in human saliva samples, achieving recovery rates between 96.0 % to 108.5 %. Moreover, the study investigates using these carbon dots for imaging HepG2 and SiHa cells, highlighting their broader biomedical potential. It concludes that BSN-CDs are promising nanomaterials for sensitive biomolecule detection and advanced imaging techniques.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16782,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A-chemistry","volume":"465 ","pages":"Article 116349"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143479406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}