Journal of Physiological Anthropology最新文献

{"title":"Influence of sports experience on distribution of pro-saccade reaction time under gap condition.","authors":"Kenji Kunita,&nbsp;Katsuo Fujiwara","doi":"10.1186/s40101-022-00277-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40101-022-00277-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous studies indicated that substantial individual variation exists in the distribution of pro-saccade reaction times under gap condition. To investigate the influence of sports experience on the distribution, we examined distribution of the pro-saccade reaction time under overlap and gap conditions, for the basketball club, table tennis club, and non-sporting control groups.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Subjects performed pro-saccade tasks under the overlap and gap conditions, in which the intentional and reflexive disengagement of fixation are important, respectively. Under the overlap condition, the central fixation point was illuminated for a random duration of 1-3 s, then the fixation point was turned off. Just after the switch-off of the fixation point, one of the peripheral targets was illuminated for a duration of 1 s. The visual stimulus under the gap condition was almost the same as that under the overlap condition. However, only the temporal gap between the switch-off of the fixation point and the onset of the target differed between those conditions. The gap duration in the gap condition was set at 200 ms. The mean of median value of the bandwidth showing the earliest peak in the histogram was calculated for each group. Thereafter, for each subject, the bandwidth showing the earliest peak under the gap condition was defined as the criterion bandwidth (0 ms bandwidth). Based on this criterion bandwidth, the mean of the relative frequency was calculated for every 10 ms of bandwidth, for the overlap and gap conditions, in each group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Under the overlap condition, for all subjects, the pro-saccade reaction times showed unimodal distribution. The means of the median value of the bandwidth showing the earliest peak for the basketball and table tennis groups (approximate 170 ms) were significantly earlier than that for the control group (approximate 190 ms). Under the gap condition, the distribution was bimodal for 11 of 15 subjects in the basketball group and for 5 of 15 subjects in the control group. In the table tennis group, the distribution was not bimodal but unimodal for all 15 subjects. For the basketball group, mean of the relative frequency showed bimodal distribution with approximate 120 ms and 170 ms peaks. For the table tennis and control groups, the mean of the relative frequency showed unimodal distribution with approximate 130 ms and 140ms peak, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present study indicated that under the gap condition, the sports experience influenced on the distribution of the pro-saccade reaction time. The pro-saccade reaction time under the condition would show a distinct bimodal distribution for the basketball group and show a distinct and early unimodal distribution for the table tennis group. It was suggested that the physiological factor leading the group difference in the distribution was the effect of sports experie","PeriodicalId":16768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8793195/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39738567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facial and body sexual dimorphism are not interconnected in the Maasai.","authors":"Marina L Butovskaya,&nbsp;Victoria V Rostovtseva,&nbsp;Anna A Mezentseva","doi":"10.1186/s40101-021-00276-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40101-021-00276-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In this paper, we investigate facial sexual dimorphism and its' association with body dimorphism in Maasai, the traditional seminomadic population of Tanzania. We discuss findings on other human populations and possible factors affecting the developmental processes in Maasai.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Full-face anthropological photographs were obtained from 305 Maasai (185 men, 120 women) aged 17-90 years. Facial shape was assessed combining geometric morphometrics and classical facial indices. Body parameters were measured directly using precise anthropological instruments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sexual dimorphism in Maasai faces was low, sex explained 1.8% of the total shape variance. However, male faces were relatively narrower and vertically prolonged, with slightly wider noses, narrower-set and lower eyebrows, wider mouths, and higher forehead hairline. The most sexually dimorphic regions of the face were the lower jaw and the nose. Facial width-to-height ratio (fWHR), measured in six known variants, revealed no significant sexual dimorphism. The allometric effects on facial traits were mostly related to the face growth, rather than the growth of the whole body (body height). Significant body dimorphism was demonstrated, men being significantly higher, with larger wrist diameter and hand grip strength, and women having higher BMI, hips circumferences, upper arm circumferences, triceps skinfolds. Facial and body sexual dimorphisms were not associated.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Facial sex differences in Maasai are very low, while on the contrary, the body sexual dimorphism is high. There were practically no associations between facial and body measures. These findings are interpreted in the light of trade-offs between environmental, cultural, and sexual selection pressures.</p>","PeriodicalId":16768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8740871/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39671739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aging, frailty, and design of built environments.","authors":"Douglas E Crews","doi":"10.1186/s40101-021-00274-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40101-021-00274-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Before developing agriculture, herding or metallurgy, humans occupied most of the world. Multiple socioculturally-based responses supported their migration, including building shelters and constructing niches to limit environmental stressors. Sheltered settings provided social support and security during stressful times, along with opportunities for injured, aging, and frail members to survive. Modern built environments are designed for similar purposes, to support human growth, development, reproduction, and maintenance. However, extended survival in modern settings has costs. With age, muscle (sarcopenia) and bone loss (osteopenia, osteoporosis), along with somatic, physiological, and sensory dysfunction, reduce our physical capabilities, increase our frailty, and impede our abilities to interface with built and natural environments and manufactured artifacts. Thereby, increasing our dependence on built environments to maintain autonomy and quality of life.What follows is a conceptual review of how frailty may limit seniors within modern built environments. It suggests age-related frailty among seniors provides specific data for those designing environments for accessibility to all users. It is based in human ecological theory, and physiological and gerontological research showing senescent alterations, including losses of muscle, bone, and sensory perceptions, produce a frail phenotype with increasing age limiting our mobility, activity, use of space, and physical abilities. As an individual phenotype, frailty leads to age-related physical and performance declines. As a physiological assessment, frailty indices amalgamate individual measures of functional abilities into a single score. Such frailty indices increase with age and differ betwixt individuals and across groups. To design built environments that improve access, usability, and safety for aging and frail citizens, today's seniors provide living samples and evidence for determining their future abilities, limitations, and design needs. Designing built environments to accommodate and improve the quality of human-environment interactions for frail seniors will improve usability and accessibility for most user groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":16768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8725353/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39895076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of alternating heat and cold stimulation using a wearable thermo-device on subjective and objective shoulder stiffness.","authors":"Tomonori Sawada,&nbsp;Hiroki Okawara,&nbsp;Daisuke Nakashima,&nbsp;Shuhei Iwabuchi,&nbsp;Morio Matsumoto,&nbsp;Masaya Nakamura,&nbsp;Takeo Nagura","doi":"10.1186/s40101-021-00275-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40101-021-00275-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Technological innovations have allowed the use of miniature apparatus that can easily control and program heat and cold stimulations using Peltier elements. The wearable thermo-device has a potential to be applied to conventional contrast bath therapy. This study aimed to examine the effects of alternating heat and cold stimulation (HC) using a wearable thermo-device on subjective and objective improvement of shoulder stiffness.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty healthy young male individuals (20.3 ± 0.6 years) participated in this study. The interventions were randomly conducted under four conditions, including HC, heat stimulation, cold stimulation, and no stimulation on their bilateral trapezius muscle, after a 30-min typing task. Each intervention was administered at least 1 week apart. The analyzed limb was the dominant arm. Muscle hardness was assessed using a portable muscle hardness meter, as well as the skin temperature over the stimulated area. After each condition, the participants were asked for feedback regarding subjective improvement in refreshed feelings, muscle stiffness, and muscle fatigue using an 11-point numerical rating scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>With regard to muscle hardness, only the HC condition significantly decreased from 1.43 N to 1.37 N (d = 0.44, p < 0.05). Additionally, reduced muscle hardness in HC condition was associated with the degree of skin cooling during the intervention (cold max: r = 0.634, p < 0.01; cold change: r = -0.548, p < 0.05). Subjective improvement in refreshed feelings, muscle stiffness, and muscle fatigue was determined in the HC and heat stimulation conditions compared with the no stimulation condition (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). Moreover, the HC condition showed significantly greater improvements in muscle stiffness and fatigue compared to the cold stimulation condition (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The current study demonstrated that HC promoted not only better subjective symptoms, such as muscle stiffness and fatigue, but also lesser muscle hardness. Furthermore, an association was observed between the degree of skin temperature cooling and reduced muscle hardness during HC. Further investigations on the ratio and intensity of cooling should be conducted in the future to establish the optimal HC protocol for muscle stiffness or fatigue.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>UMIN000040620 . Registered 1 June 2020.</p>","PeriodicalId":16768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8722412/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39895498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Estimating thigh skeletal muscle volume using multi-frequency segmental-bioelectrical impedance analysis.","authors":"Masashi Taniguchi,&nbsp;Yosuke Yamada,&nbsp;Masahide Yagi,&nbsp;Ryusuke Nakai,&nbsp;Hiroshige Tateuchi,&nbsp;Noriaki Ichihashi","doi":"10.1186/s40101-021-00270-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40101-021-00270-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8670167/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39584708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors of asthma in the Asian population: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Yang Yie Sio,&nbsp;Fook Tim Chew","doi":"10.1186/s40101-021-00273-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40101-021-00273-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>An increasing trend of asthma prevalence was observed in Asia; however, contributions of environmental and host-related risk factors to the development of this disease remain uncertain. This study aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis for asthma-associated risk factors reported in Asia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We systematically searched three public databases (Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus) in Feb 2021. We only included articles that reported environmental and host-related risk factors associated with asthma in the Asian population. Random-effect meta-analyses were conducted for frequently reported asthma-associated risk factors to provide an overall risk estimate of asthma development.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 4030 records obtained from public databases, 289 articles were selected for review. The most frequently reported asthma-associated risk factor was the family history of allergy-related conditions. The random-effect asthma risk estimates (pooled odds ratio, OR) were 4.66 (95% confidence interval (CI): 3.73-5.82) for the family history of asthma, 3.50 (95% CI: 2.62-4.67) for the family history of atopy, 3.57 (95% CI: 3.03-4.22) for the family history of any allergic diseases, 1.96 (95% CI: 1.47-2.61) for the family history of allergic rhinitis, and 2.75 (95% CI: 1.12-6.76) for the family history of atopic dermatitis. For housing-related factors, including the presence of mold, mold spots, mold odor, cockroach, water damage, and incense burning, the random-effect pooled OR ranged from 1.43 to 1.73. Other risk factors with significant pooled OR for asthma development included male gender (1.30, 95% CI: 1.23-1.38), cigarette smoke exposure (1.44, 95% CI: 1.30-1.60), cigarette smoking (1.66, 95% CI: 1.44-1.90), body mass index (BMI)-related parameters (pooled OR ranged from 1.06 to 2.02), various types of air pollution (NO₂, PM10, and O₃; pooled OR ranged from 1.03 to 1.22), and pre- and perinatal factors (low birth weight, preterm birth, and cesarean section; pooled OR ranged from 1.14 to 1.32).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The family history of asthma was the most frequently reported risk factor for asthma development in Asia with the highest risk estimate for asthma development. This suggests a major role of the genetic component in asthma pathogenesis. Further study on asthma genetics is required to improve the current understanding of asthma etiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":16768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8662898/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39709736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of autonomic function by long-term heart rate variability: beyond the classical framework of LF and HF measurements.","authors":"Junichiro Hayano, Emi Yuda","doi":"10.1186/s40101-021-00272-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40101-021-00272-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the assessment of autonomic function by heart rate variability (HRV), the framework that the power of high-frequency component or its surrogate indices reflects parasympathetic activity, while the power of low-frequency component or LF/HF reflects sympathetic activity has been used as the theoretical basis for the interpretation of HRV. Although this classical framework has contributed greatly to the widespread use of HRV for the assessment of autonomic function, it was obtained from studies of short-term HRV (typically 5‑10 min) under tightly controlled conditions. If it is applied to long-term HRV (typically 24 h) under free-running conditions in daily life, erroneous conclusions could be drawn. Also, long-term HRV could contain untapped useful information that is not revealed in the classical framework. In this review, we discuss the limitations of the classical framework and present studies that extracted autonomic function indicators and other useful biomedical information from long-term HRV using novel approaches beyond the classical framework. Those methods include non-Gaussianity index, HRV sleep index, heart rate turbulence, and the frequency and amplitude of cyclic variation of heart rate.</p>","PeriodicalId":16768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8630879/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39679837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of low-concentration carbon dioxide-enriched and tap water immersion on body temperature after passive heating.","authors":"Keiji Hayashi","doi":"10.1186/s40101-021-00271-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40101-021-00271-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Because carbon dioxide (CO₂)-enriched water causes cutaneous vasodilation, immersion in CO₂-enriched water facilitates heat transfer from the body to the water or from the water to the body. Consequently, immersion in CO₂-enriched water raises or reduces body temperature faster than immersion in fresh water. However, it takes time to dissolve CO₂ in tap water and because the dissolved CO₂ concentration decreases over time, the actual CO₂ concentration is likely lower than the stated target concentration. However, it is unclear whether water containing a lower CO₂ concentration would also cool the body faster than fresh water after body temperature had been increased.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ten healthy males (mean age = 20 ± 1 years) participated in the study. Participants were first immersed for 15 min in a tap water bath at 40 °C to raise body temperature. They then moved to a tap water or CO₂-enriched water bath at 30 °C to reduce body temperature. The CO₂ concentration was set at 500 ppm. The present study measured cooling time and cooling rate (slope of the regression line relating auditory canal temperature (T_ac) to cooling time) to assess the cooling effect of CO₂-enriched water immersion.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Immersion in 40 °C tap water caused T_ac to rise 0.64 ± 0.25 °C in the tap water session and 0.62 ± 0.27 °C in the CO₂-enriched water session (P > 0.05). During the 30 °C water immersion, T_ac declined to the baseline within 13 ± 6 min in tap water and 10 ± 6 min in CO₂-enriched water (P > 0.05). Cooling rates were 0.08 ± 0.06 °C/min in tap water and 0.08 ± 0.04 °C/min in CO₂-enriched water (P > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CO₂-enriched water containing 500 ppm CO₂ did not cool faster than tap water immersion. This suggests that when the water temperature is 30 °C, a CO₂ concentration of 500 ppm is insufficient to obtain the advantageous cooling effect during water immersion after body temperature has been increased.</p>","PeriodicalId":16768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8600816/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39632978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The determinants of survival among adults with cystic fibrosis-a cohort study.","authors":"Magdalena Durda-Masny,&nbsp;Joanna Goździk-Spychalska,&nbsp;Aleksandra John,&nbsp;Wojciech Czaiński,&nbsp;Weronika Stróżewska,&nbsp;Natalia Pawłowska,&nbsp;Jolanta Wlizło,&nbsp;Halina Batura-Gabryel,&nbsp;Anita Szwed","doi":"10.1186/s40101-021-00269-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40101-021-00269-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most common autosomal recessive diseases. Factors contributing to disease exacerbations and survival rate of CF patients are type of mutation in the CFTR gene, poor nutritional status, lung failure, and infection development by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the severity of mutation, nutritional status, lung function, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa prevalence and survival rate in adult patients with cystic fibrosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A study of 124 (68 ♀ and 56 ♂) adults with CF aged 18-51 years were evaluated for (a) type of mutation in the CFTR gene, (b) nutritional status (BMI), (c) lung function (FEV₁%), and (d) Pseudomonas aeruginosa prevalence. For statistical calculations, Kaplan-Meier analysis of survival, chi-squared test for multiple samples, and logistic regression were used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The type of mutation (χ² = 12.73, df = 3, p = 0.005), FEV₁% (χ² = 15.20, df = 2, p = 0.0005), Pseudomonas aeruginosa prevalence (χ² = 11.48, df = 3, p = 0.009), and BMI (χ² = 31.08, df = 4, p < 0.000) significantly differentiated the probability of survival of patients with CF. The shortest life expectancy was observed in patients with a severe type of mutation on both alleles, FEV₁% < 40, subjects in whom Pseudomonas culture was extensively drug-resistant or pandrug-resistant, and patients whose BMI was lower than 18.5 kg/m². The period from 30 to 40 years of age was the most critical in CF adults' lifespan. The risk of adults with CF death doubled with Pseudomonas aeruginosa prevalence (OR = 2.06, 95% CI 1.29; 2.28) and eightfold when the bacteria acquired antibiotic resistance (OR = 8.11, 95% CI 1.67; 38.15).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>All factors included in the study were significantly related to the survival rate of patients with cystic fibrosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":16768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8573904/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39854970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between locomotive and non-locomotive physical activity and physical performance in older community-dwelling females with and without locomotive syndrome: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Tomohiro Nishimura,&nbsp;Atsushi Hagio,&nbsp;Kanako Hamaguchi,&nbsp;Toshiyuki Kurihara,&nbsp;Motoyuki Iemitsu,&nbsp;Kiyoshi Sanada","doi":"10.1186/s40101-021-00268-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40101-021-00268-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Locomotive syndrome (LS) is a condition of reduced mobility due to a disorder of the locomotive system. Increasing moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) has been recommended to prevent LS. However, to increase daily MVPA is difficult for older people with LS. The MVPA consists of not only locomotive activities such as walking but also non-locomotive activities such as household activities. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between locomotive/non-locomotive MVPA and physical performance in older females with and without LS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants of this cross-sectional study were 143 older community-dwelling Japanese females. The participants were divided into two groups based on the results of the stand-up test: the normal group (NL) (n = 86) and the LS group (n = 57). Both the locomotive and non-locomotive PA seperately measured with its intensity. The intensity of physical activity (PA) was calculated as METs and classified as sedentary behavior (SB 1-1.5 metabolic equivalent tasks (METs)), low-intensity physical activity (LPA 1.6-2.9 METs), and MVPA (≥ 3 METs). For example, locomotive LPA is slow walking speed of 54 m/min, and locomotive MVPA is walking speed of 67 m/min. While non-locomotive LPA is office work and cooking, non-locomotive MVPA is housecleaning. Physical function was evaluated by handgrip strength, walking speed, and 2-step test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Walking speed, hand-grip strength, 2-step test, daily step counts, and all PA measurements were not significantly different between two groups. In the LS, locomotive MVPA (r = 0.293, p < 0.05) and total MVPA (r = 0.299, p < 0.05) was significantly correlated with walking speed, but not in the NL.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Walking speed was positively correlated with locomotive MVPA and total MVPA in the LS group, but not in NL group. This result suggests that slow walking speed in older people with LS occur in connection with lower locomotive MVPA and total MVPA.</p>","PeriodicalId":16768,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Physiological Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8570009/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39591227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}