Journal of Pediatric Urology最新文献

{"title":"Commentary on adherence to follow up- Actively instigating post-pubertal follow up","authors":"Supul Hennayake, Adrian Bianchi","doi":"10.1016/j.jpurol.2025.02.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpurol.2025.02.020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16747,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Urology","volume":"21 3","pages":"Pages 624-625"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143557175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commentary to “Hypospadias risk associated with chronic hypertension during pregnancy: A systematic review and meta-analysis”","authors":"Ahmad Neyazi, Shubham Kumar, Rachana Mehta, Ranjana Sah","doi":"10.1016/j.jpurol.2025.01.037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpurol.2025.01.037","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16747,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Urology","volume":"21 3","pages":"Pages 815-816"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143605264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing the incidence of hypospadias across the United States: A contemporary analysis","authors":"Callum Lavoie ,&nbsp;Brian Chun ,&nbsp;Melanie Au ,&nbsp;Christine Do ,&nbsp;Zoë Baker ,&nbsp;Victoria Cortessis ,&nbsp;S. Scott Sparks ,&nbsp;Helal Syed ,&nbsp;Andy Y. Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.jpurol.2025.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpurol.2025.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Hypospadias is a common congenital malformation occurring in up to 80 in 10,00 live male births, with emerging evidence associating exogenous environmental exposures with increased disease incidence. Military personnel are at particularly higher risk for such exposures and indeed, the rate of hypospadias in infant males born to United States military servicewomen deployed during the Gulf War has been reported to be more than 5 times greater compared to undeployed female military personnel.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To characterize contemporary trends in hypospadias incidence in the general population as well as high risk groups such as males born from US servicewomen using the National Birth Defects Prevention Network.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>We queried the National Birth Defects Prevention Network and the Office of Statewide Health Planning and Developing for rates of hypospadias in the general US population and each state as well as the Department of Defense. Hypospadias rates were compared between 2014 and 2018. Median household income by state was obtained from the 2018 United States Census Bureau Data to compare differences in hypospadias incidence by state and median household income from 2014 to 2018.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The incidence of hypospadias in the United States was 71.6 per 10,000 male births between 2014 and 2018 (Table 1). In 2018, the states/entities with the highest incidence of hypospadias were the Department of Defense (113.19 per 10,000), Colorado (113.47 per 10,000), Tennessee (109.14 per 10,000), and Alabama (104.06 per 10,000). There was no significant association between hypospadias incidence and median state household income (p = 0.71).</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Our findings suggest that hypospadias incidence was significantly higher within the Department of Defense registry and in the states of Colorado, Tennessee, and Alabama compared to the national average. This identifies a regionalized incidence for hypospadias which is likely multifactorial and warrants further investigation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The incidence of hypospadias in the United States was 71.6 per 10,000 male births in 2014–2018, with the highest rates reported in the Department of Defense, Colorado, Tennessee, and Alabama.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16747,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Urology","volume":"21 3","pages":"Pages 627-632"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143007174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of positive and negative intraoperative feedback in laparoscopic simulation in pediatric urology training","authors":"Nina Martz ,&nbsp;Amane-Allah Lachkar ,&nbsp;Jean Breaud ,&nbsp;Liza Ali ,&nbsp;Ugo Maria Pierucci ,&nbsp;Isabelle Talon ,&nbsp;François Becmeur ,&nbsp;Florence Julien-Marsollier ,&nbsp;Valeska Bidault-Jourdainne ,&nbsp;Alaa El-Ghoneimi ,&nbsp;Matthieu Peycelon","doi":"10.1016/j.jpurol.2025.01.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpurol.2025.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objective</h3><div>This study aimed to explore the impact of positive or negative feedback on the performance of trainees in pediatric urology during simulation exercises in pediatric laparoscopy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty-five students enrolled in a national Pediatric Urology Laparoscopy Simulation participated in the study. They performed the Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery (FLS) skills, specifically peg-transfer and intracorporeal knot-tying, in a randomized study design while receiving positive or negative feedback from an attending pediatric urologist. On the first day, all students performed FLS peg-transfer and intracorporeal knot-tying tasks on a pediatric laparoscopic simulator. On the second day, students were randomized to receive either positive or negative comments during the procedure. Task performances, measured by task time and errors, was compared between both groups. Statistical analysis was conducted using the Mann–Whitney U test.</div></div><div><h3>Key findings and limitations</h3><div>The difference in execution time between exercises with and without feedback was significantly greater in the group that received negative feedback compared to the group that received positive feedback (p = 0.003). Students who received positive feedback increased their time by a median of 2 s, whereas students who received negative comments increased their time by a median of 34 s.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions and clinical implications</h3><div>Feedback should be delivered in a manner that is supportive, respectful, and improvement-focused rather than discouragement. Understanding these dynamics can guide the development of effective feedback strategies to optimize learning and enhance performance outcomes in training for minimally invasive surgery in pediatric urology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16747,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Urology","volume":"21 3","pages":"Pages 755-760"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143038738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of seasonality and ambient temperature on testicular torsion incidence: A Mexican Nationwide population-based study","authors":"Diego Arriaga-Izabal,&nbsp;Francisco Morales-Lazcano,&nbsp;Adrián Canizalez-Román","doi":"10.1016/j.jpurol.2025.01.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpurol.2025.01.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Testicular torsion is a surgical emergency characterized by twisting the spermatic cord, disrupting blood flow, and causing severe pain and swelling. It predominantly affects males aged 12 to 18, with an incidence of about 3.8 per 100,000 in this age group. Immediate surgical intervention is vital, as irreversible damage can occur within 4–6 h of symptom onset. Recent studies have suggested a correlation between low ambient temperatures and an increased incidence of testicular torsion, particularly in colder months.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aims to analyze the relationship between temperature variations, seasonal trends, and testicular torsion incidence in Mexico from 2014 to 2024.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>A retrospective cohort study was conducted using a hospital admissions database from Mexico, covering December 2013 to July 2024. Patients diagnosed with testicular torsion (ICD-10 code N44X) aged 1 year or older were included, resulting in 3973 admissions after exclusions. ANOVA was used for seasonal difference analysis, and the Kruskal–Wallis U test was employed to examine climatic regions. Post-hoc comparisons utilized Tukey's test for monthly incidence. The Spearman rank test evaluated the correlation between mean monthly temperatures and incidence. A heatmap displayed monthly incidence by state.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Significant seasonal variations in incidence rates were observed: averages were 0.07 ± 0.02 in winter, 0.05 ± 0.02 in spring, 0.04 ± 0.02 in summer, and 0.05 ± 0.02 in fall (p = 0.001). Seasonal fluctuations correlated significantly with ambient temperatures (p &lt; 0.001). Post-hoc analysis indicated that winter incidence was notably higher than in other seasons (p &lt; 0.05). Monthly incidence rates were similar in temperate and tropical regions (p = 0.095) but higher than in the subtropical zone (p &lt; 0.05). A moderate negative correlation between ambient temperature and monthly incidence was found, strongest in subtropical regions (R = −0.323, p = 0.000).</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>The present work is the first to comprehensively examine the relationship between ambient temperature and testicular torsion incidence in Mexico, showing significant seasonal patterns. The findings align with previous research in Latin America, suggesting lower temperatures increase the risk of torsion. Public health initiatives are crucial to raising awareness and potentially improving early diagnosis and management strategies.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>A clear association between seasonal temperature fluctuations and testicular torsion incidence was observed, particularly during winter months in Mexico.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16747,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Urology","volume":"21 3","pages":"Pages 713-718"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143074162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive variables for successful retrograde intrarenal surgery outcomes in pediatric patients: Development of nomograms","authors":"N.I. Rosière ,&nbsp;J. Ruiz ,&nbsp;F. López Imizcoz ,&nbsp;T. Szklarz ,&nbsp;L. Asen ,&nbsp;L. Díaz Zabala ,&nbsp;O. Blain ,&nbsp;D. Alberti ,&nbsp;Y. Gómez ,&nbsp;C. Burek ,&nbsp;C. Sager ,&nbsp;P. Sanchez Salinas ,&nbsp;S. Weller ,&nbsp;J.P. Corbetta","doi":"10.1016/j.jpurol.2025.01.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpurol.2025.01.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pediatric stone disease is characterized by its increasing prevalence and high recurrence rate. Consequently, the use of minimally invasive procedures with high stone-free rates (SFR) is essential. This study aims to identify risk factors associated with the failure of retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) for renal stones smaller than 20 mm in pediatric patients and to develop predictive nomograms for preoperative patient selection.</div><div>A retrospective analysis of 62 RIRS identified five key factors affecting SFR: stone volume, stone diameter, stone density, the presence of multiple stones, and lower calyx location. Among these variables, independent predictors of success were identified and incorporated into logistic regression models, which were subsequently translated into two nomograms. These represent the first tools specifically designed to predict preoperative SFR in pediatric patients undergoing RIRS.</div><div>The predictive models developed in this study demonstrated high accuracy in predicting surgical success, providing urologists with reliable tools to individualize treatment planning based on preoperative imaging. Despite these promising results, external validation by high-volume pediatric urology centers is crucial to confirm the generalizability and robustness of these models. These findings represent a significant advancement in the personalized management of pediatric stone disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16747,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Urology","volume":"21 3","pages":"Pages 775-776"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143074535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the editors on “International consensus on research priorities in hypospadias using a Delphi study approach”","authors":"Pathuum Sookaromdee,&nbsp;Viroj Wiwanitkit","doi":"10.1016/j.jpurol.2025.01.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpurol.2025.01.009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16747,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Urology","volume":"21 3","pages":"Pages 801-802"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143052933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Usefulness topical di-hydro testosterone prior to proximal hypospadias repair in testosterone non-responders","authors":"Ramesh Babu ,&nbsp;V.V.S. Chandrasekharam","doi":"10.1016/j.jpurol.2025.01.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpurol.2025.01.020","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background and aims&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Preoperative hormonal stimulation (PHS) with testosterone is commonly used to enhance glans width in hypospadias repair. However, up to 50 % of those with proximal hypospadias do not respond to testosterone due to receptor resistance or failure of testosterone conversion to di-hydro testosterone (DHT). There are limited reports on DHT usage in testosterone non-responders. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of topical DHT in testosterone-resistant proximal hypospadias cases. We hypothesized that DHT enhances glans width without additional complications.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;122 children with proximal hypospadias (46XY) and bilateral descended testes were treated at two centres. Glans width was measured to assess testosterone response. In testosterone non-responders 2.5 % DHT gel was applied topically for 2 months. Staged correction involved first stage Byar's flaps after ventral curvature correction and a second stage Duplay repair 6–12 months later. DHT was used prior to both stages and application ceased two months prior to each stage. Patients were followed-up for 1-year to assess functional and cosmetic complications (summary figure).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Among 40 testosterone-resistant patients (32.8 %; 95 % CI 25–41 %) DHT increased mean glans width significantly from 10.2 mm to 14.5 mm (p = 0.01). Reversible androgenic effects included prepubic hair growth (22.5 %) and erections (12.5 %). No significant adverse effects like tissue necrosis or excess bleeding were observed. At first stage, adequate flap uptake and penile curvature correction were achieved. Post-second stage, the complication rate was low (5 %), with one fistula and one meatal retraction. Parental satisfaction was high, with 90 % rating outcomes as satisfactory or very satisfactory.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Discussion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;In this study we encountered testosterone resistance in 32.8 % and in this group topical DHT application was effective in increasing the glans width. Angiogenesis effects of DHT has been said to act as an adjunct to wound healing. At first stage repair thanks to DHT effect the quality of foreskin improved and the glans became wide to be splayed open adequately. There were no significant hormonal side effects as we stopped DHT promptly when excess hair growth or erections were encountered.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Application of DHT between first and second stage helped to smoothen the neo-urethral plate and increase vascularity. PHS with DHT is an effective alternative for managing testosterone resistant proximal hypospadias. It helps in significantly enhancing glans width, surgical outcomes, and satisfaction rates while maintaining a low complication rate. The study's limitations include a small sample size, lack of genetic evaluation for androgen resistance, and short follow-up.&lt;span&gt;&lt;figure&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;img&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;Download: &lt;span&gt;Download high-res image (543KB)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/","PeriodicalId":16747,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Urology","volume":"21 3","pages":"Pages 633-638"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143370775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ureteric fibroepithelial polyps in children: Retrospective study and systematic review of a rare urological presentation","authors":"Helen Buschel ,&nbsp;Nicole Hawkins ,&nbsp;Bhanu Mariyappa-Rathnamma ,&nbsp;Harry Stalewski ,&nbsp;David Winkle ,&nbsp;Peter Borzi","doi":"10.1016/j.jpurol.2025.02.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpurol.2025.02.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Fibroepithelial polyps are rare, benign lesions of mesodermal origin that have been reported in the genitourinary, oral, auditory and respiratory systems. Ureteric fibroepithelial polyps are extremely rare, with less than 200 cases reported in children over the past 20 years. The purpose of this study is to present a retrospective study and systematic literature review of children with fibroepithelial polyps. Furthermore, to present an algorithm for the investigation and management of children with suspected ureteric, fibroepithelial polyps.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective review of seven children with upper tract fibroepithelial polyps managed at two centres was conducted. A systematic review of all seven original articles reporting upper tract, fibroepithelial polyps in children was performed from January 2003 to November 2023.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Seven children with a median age of 12 years (range 5.5–14 years) were managed with ureteric fibroepithelial polyps. The majority were male (n = 6/7) and left sided (n = 5/6). The most common presenting features were pain and haematuria. Three out of seven children had a long history of symptoms (range two to ten years). Diagnosis was challenging with numerous imaging studies required including: ultrasound, cross sectional imaging, functional studies and operative retrograde pyelogram/ureteroscopy. The majority were managed with laparoscopic pyeloplasty (n = 6/7) with one case converted to open.</div><div>The systematic literature review revealed a total of 134 children. There was a male predominance (93 %) and 84 % of polyps were left sided. Numerous operative approaches were reported. There was one case of urothelial papilloma on histology with the remainder being benign fibroepithelial polyps.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Ureteric fibroepithelial polyps are a rare pathology typically seen in males and on the left side. Diagnosis can be challenging. Various management options have been reported depending on surgeon experience, size and location of the polyp.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16747,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Urology","volume":"21 3","pages":"Pages 670-676"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143573363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the utility of ChatGPT in enhancing parental education and clinical support in hypospadias care","authors":"Ihsan Azka Adriansyah ,&nbsp;Irfan Wahyudi ,&nbsp;Santiago Vallasciani ,&nbsp;Yaser Elhout ,&nbsp;Amilal Bhat ,&nbsp;Shivam Priyadarshi ,&nbsp;M.S. Ansari ,&nbsp;Putu Angga Risky Raharja ,&nbsp;Tariq O. Abbas","doi":"10.1016/j.jpurol.2025.01.026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpurol.2025.01.026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Hypospadias is a prevalent congenital anomaly that requires effective parental education. Current online resources often exceed recommended readability levels, potentially hindering understanding. This study evaluates the utility of ChatGPT in providing accurate, clear, and actionable information towards parental education about hypospadias.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A structured set of questions was posed to ChatGPT 4.0 covering diagnosis, treatment options, and postoperative care. Responses were quantitatively assessed using the Patient Education Material Assessment Tool for Printable Materials (PEMAT-P) to measure understandability and actionability. Qualitative evaluations were conducted by six pediatric urologists who rated the information for accuracy on a scale from 1 (completely accurate) to 4 (completely inaccurate). The Fleiss' Kappa statistic was calculated to assess inter-observer agreement among the urologists.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The quantitative assessment yielded understandability scores between 84 % and 92 % (average 88 %), while actionability scores ranged from 37 % to 70 % (average 51 %). In the qualitative assessment, 41 % of responses were deemed completely accurate, with 35 % considered accurate but inadequate, and 24 % rated as inaccurate. The overall Kappa value was 0.607, indicating substantial agreement among reviewers regarding the accuracy of the information provided by ChatGPT.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>ChatGPT can effectively convey information about hypospadias, but enhancing the actionability of its responses is crucial. Inaccuracy is still a main concern in using AI-generated search engine. Future updates should include more accurate and reliable responses and visual aids addition may support parents in navigating their child's care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16747,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pediatric Urology","volume":"21 3","pages":"Pages 639-643"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143408629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}