Medicinska istrazivanja最新文献

{"title":"N1 and N2 metastases frequency depending on the degree of differentiation of non-microcelular lung cancer","authors":"K. Grbić, P. Grubor, E. Grbić","doi":"10.5937/medist1302033g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/medist1302033g","url":null,"abstract":"The most significant individual prognostic factor for those suffering from NSCLC is cancer invasion of regional lymph nodes, which depends on pathomorphological characteristics of the primary disease. Cellular and histological atopy of the changed tissue means good predispositions for an early lymph invasion and lymphonodular metastasizing. The aim of the paper: a standard statistical analysis which includes frequency of the degree of malignant change differentiation, metastasizing in stages N1 and N2 and the statistical dependence of the mentioned variables. Patients and methods: a retrospective analysis covered 331 patients who underwent a surgical procedure after they had been diagnosed with NSCLC and it was also based on the definite pathohistological postresectional results which included the above mentioned characteristics in a descriptive manner. Results: the average age of the total number of patients was 62.69 ± 7.47. Males were more numerous than females (4.7:1). There was a significant statistic correlation between the development of the disease and the age (ch 2 test = 493.65; p< 0.05), as well as a significant difference of age in relation to gender (p< 0.05). G2 stage of the disease was the most frequent, with participation of 58.00%, and there was a significant statistical correlation between developing the disease and the level of differentiation ( ch 2 test= 248.13; p<0.05). The invasion of the node N1 was 44.61% and of N2 4.53%. There was a statistically significant correlation between N1 and N2 metastases and the level of differentiation of cancer (ch 2 test =24.74; p=0.00 vs. ch 2 test = 16.37; p=0.01). Conclusion: the domination of G2 stage and statistically significant correlation between the levels of differentiation and regional lymphonodular invasion.","PeriodicalId":167411,"journal":{"name":"Medicinska istrazivanja","volume":"252 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124166457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Skeletal metastases and pathological fractures of long bones","authors":"Stanislav Rajkovic, Lazar Mičeta, Ljubica Simić, Goran Đuričić, Z. Bascarević, N. Lujić, J. Sopta","doi":"10.5937/medi55-38372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/medi55-38372","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The most common cause of pathological fractures are skeletal metastases. Ten percent of patients with diagnosed skeletal metastases will sustain a pathological fracture. Skeletal metastases can be treated by non-surgical methods, including analgesics, bisphosphonates, and radiotherapy, with the primary goal of relieving pain and slowing down tumor growth. Surgical treatment is indicated for impending or existing fractures. It includes stabilization with internal fixation using various nails, plates, and screws with or without osteoplasty, and endoprosthetic joint replacement, especially in lesions around major joints - hip, knee, and shoulder. Material and Methods. The study included patients operatively treated at the Institute of orthopedics \"Banjica\" and pathohistologically analyzed at the Institute of pathology in Belgrade during the period from February 2021 to January 2022. Inclusion criteria were an existing or impending pathological fracture of long bones, operative treatment with tissue sampling, and the consequent pathohistological diagnosis of metastatic carcinoma. Patients with biopsy-proven processes other than metastatic carcinomas were excluded from the study. The total number of patients included in the study was 69. Results. The mean age of patients at the pathological fracture occurrence was 67.7 (ranging from 42 to 88). Malignant diseases diagnosed were: breast cancer 36.1%, lung cancer 24.5%, kidney cancer 14.5%, prostate cancer 13.1%, colorectal cancer 2.9%, other cancer (8.9%). The radiological presentation was in the form of lysis in 75.4% and in blastic form in 24.6%. Operative treatment included arthroplasty in 53.6% of patients and stabilization with nail or plate in 46.4%. Conclusion. Pathological fractures represent the final outcome of tumor activity in a bone and cause significant suffering in patients expressed through severe pain and often immobility, which accelerates all the pathological processes and leads to death. Joint methods of contemporary chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery enabled a significant life quality improvement and extension in these patients.","PeriodicalId":167411,"journal":{"name":"Medicinska istrazivanja","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121446099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leptin and its mechanism of action","authors":"A. Panic, Sanja Soskić, E. Isenovic","doi":"10.5937/medist1502036p","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/medist1502036p","url":null,"abstract":"Leptin is a hormone produced by the adipose tissue, which has effects on the central nervous system. Leptin is bound to its Ob receptor on hypo-thalamic neurons to inhibit feeding behavior and to increase sympathetically-mediated thermogenesis. In addition to anorexia and thermogenesis, leptin also has direct peripheral and central nervous system-mediated effects on the endocrine, vascular, hematopoietc, immune and musculoskeletal systems. Leptin accomplishes its effects using distributed network of leptin receptors and differential molecular signaling pathways. Leptinemia is increased in obesity because of increased adipocyte mass, but obese subjects exhibit resistance to the anorexic and metabolic effects of leptin. However, multiple studies have shown that leptin can increase sympathetic nerve activity to non-thermogenic tissues in rodents causing obesity-related hypertension. One potential explanation of this paradox is selective leptin resistance. Compared with large and persuasive number of studies on the sympathetic and blood pressure effects of leptin in experimental animals, relatively little attention was given to these effects of leptin in humans. This review article presents recent findings related to leptin and its mechanism of action, and also the role of leptin in patophysiological conditions.","PeriodicalId":167411,"journal":{"name":"Medicinska istrazivanja","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132338055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diabetic vascular disease: Cellular and molecular approach","authors":"D. Vučević, Bojan Jorgačević, Dragoslav Đorđević, Đ. Radak, Milica Radosavljević, Darija Lalić","doi":"10.5937/medist1701018v","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/medist1701018v","url":null,"abstract":"The term diabetes mellitus refers to a state of chronic hyperglycemia due to absolute or relative deficiency of insulin secretion with disordered metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. More than 35 million people in Europe are diagnosed with diabetes. In 2030, it is expected that this figure will rise to 43 million. According to the International diabetes federation (IDF), more than 415 million people around the world are diagnosed with diabetes, and in 2040, IDF estimates that 642 million people will have diabetes. The metabolic syndrome (cluster of more or less related metabolic and cardiovascular derangements including visceral obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension and glucose intolerance) significantly contributes to development of diabetes mellitus type 2. This syndrome is characterized by a primary cellular defect in insulin action due to disorders in insulin signal transduction (insulin is unable to achieve its biological effects adequately). Under these conditions, insulin resistance in combination with hyperinsulinemia causes numerous metabolic and cardiovascular disorders that are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Thus, 65% of people with diabetes around the world die from cardiovascular disease. Besides, this serious condition is manifested by development of chronic angiopathic complications, such as micro-angiopathy and atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a progressive, multifactorial, diffuse, multisystemic, chronic, inflammatory disease, which is manifested by disorders of vascular, immune and metabolic system. Pathogenesis of accelerated atherosclerosis in people with diabetes is not fully understood. Endothelial dysfunction is recognized as the crucial step in atherogenesis. A lot of studies have confirmed the role of dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, oxidative stress and various mediators of inflammation in initial proatherogenic processes. After foam cell formation, mediators of inflammation initiate a series of intracellular events that include the induction of inflammatory cytokines. Thus, a vicious circle of inflammation, modification of lipoproteins and further inflammation can be maintained in the artery. Inflammatory process, matrix-degrading metalloproteinases activity, platelets aggregation and smooth muscle cells proliferation play a central role in development of fibrotic plaque. It has been shown that inflammation is closely related to the development of atherosclerotic plaque rupture. Having in mind an increase in diabetic vascular disease prevalence in future, it is necessary to take preventive actions to decrease the risk factors (inappropriate diet rich in carbohydrates and saturated fatty acids, smoking, sedentary lifestyle and physical inactivity). Apart from lifestyle changes, the usage of hypocaloric diet and increasing the level of physical activity, in patients with diabetic vascular disease, it is necessary to apply psychoeducation, as well as appropriate cognitiv","PeriodicalId":167411,"journal":{"name":"Medicinska istrazivanja","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131782518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiac cephalalgia","authors":"A. Cvetković, M. Mijajlovic, A. Jokić","doi":"10.5937/medi56-42945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/medi56-42945","url":null,"abstract":"Cardiac cephalalgia has a small incidence, but unrecognized it can prolong the time to diagnose a life-threatening condition such as acute coronary event. According to its clinical presentation, it can refer to a migraine. Even in the absence of clinically and laboratory evident signs, the diagnosis of cardiac migraine should be kept in mind because sometimes it is the only symptom of a threatening coronary event. The choice of treatment depends on a correctly established diagnosis. A reckless inclusion of vasoconstrictors as a standard therapeutic modality of migraine in a patient with a cardiac cephalalgia could worsen ischemia and endanger the patient's life. By solving an acute coronary event conservatively, with percutaneous coronary interventions or coronary \"bypass,\" cardiac cephalalgia is eliminated as well.","PeriodicalId":167411,"journal":{"name":"Medicinska istrazivanja","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132267431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk of traveling by plane in patients with respiratory system disease","authors":"D. Pesut, L. Nagorni-Obradović, V. Žugić, Marina Roksandić-Milenković, B. Milenković","doi":"10.5937/medist1502012p","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/medist1502012p","url":null,"abstract":"In an attempt to meet desires and needs of the patients with pulmonary diseases who plan to travel by air craft, physicians might face complex problems. They are expected to estimate individual risk and need of oxygen supplementation that might be necessary. Sometimes, these patients are a source of infection to other passengers. Some international air travel guidelines offer precise and mandatory conditions, which should be fulfilled during the flight in case such a patient has to travel. Thus, patients with drug resistant tuberculosis are not permitted to travel at all, while all the other patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and other air born infections should not travel during the infectious period. Recent or uncured pneumothorax and hemoptisis are contraindications for travelling. Other patients with pulmonary diseases, especially those with manifested respiratory insufficiency should respect the rules, which include contacting air travel company prior to flight, sharing information about their health condition and asking for details on possibilities of oxygen supplementation while on board, currence voltage, and availability of plugs in the cabin where the devices for respiratory support might be put in, etc. A possibility of hypoxia during the flight is an important individual risk. Methods of hypoxia prediction and possibilities of oxygen supplementation in air craft cabin are in focus of current research.","PeriodicalId":167411,"journal":{"name":"Medicinska istrazivanja","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132579445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probiotics as food supplements","authors":"Danka Đorović, M. Maksimovic, Đ. Radak","doi":"10.5937/medist1803031q","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/medist1803031q","url":null,"abstract":"Many studies have shown that the use of probiotics acts positively on a disturbed intestinal ecosystem. Probiotics are defined as living, non-pathogenic microorganisms (usually bacteria), which confer a health benefit on the host when administrated in adequate amounts. Probiotics mechanisms described so far include adhesion to the surface of intestinal epithelium, competition with pathogens for receptors and nutrients, improvement of mucosal barrier function and maintenance of intestinal integrity, promotion of innate and acquired immune response, elaboration of bactericins and modulation of cellular kinetics. Dysbiosis of endogenous microbiota can lead to compromised immune responses and manifestations of various autoimmune diseases. Even some local and systemic metabolites of probiotic have been identified to have anti-inflammatory activity and may modify autoimmune diseases. The list of diseases that can benefit from the use of probiotics is long and includes acute diarrhea, urogenital infections, allergies, lactose intolerance, cystic fibrosis, carcinoma, inflammatory bowel disease, teeth and mouth disease, etc. The aim of this paper is to summarize the latest information from the currently available scientific literature on the role of probiotics in human health and disease.","PeriodicalId":167411,"journal":{"name":"Medicinska istrazivanja","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114724958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of fractal and textural analysis in medical physiology, pathophysiology and pathology","authors":"I. Pantić, Jovana Paunović-Pantić, S. Radojevic-Skodric","doi":"10.5937/medi55-40351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/medi55-40351","url":null,"abstract":"Fractal and textural analyses represent a rapidly developing class of computational and mathematical methods with potential wide applications in medicine and biology. In recent years, they have been successfully used for the evaluation of subtle alterations in cell and tissue morphology associated with various physiological and pathological processes. It has been shown that cells in early stages of apoptosis exhibit changes in chromatin fractal and textural features. Cellular senescence is also sometimes associated with changes in textural patterns in some cell populations. So far, artificial intelligence approaches based on co-occurrence matrix textural data were successfully implemented in predicting cell damage in in vitro conditions, with artificial neural networks achieving the best performance. In the future, several methodological issues and challenges related to the use of fractal and textural methods will have to be resolved before their introduction into contemporary clinical practice. This concise review focuses on the recent research on the application of fractal and textural methods in experimental physiology and related fields.","PeriodicalId":167411,"journal":{"name":"Medicinska istrazivanja","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116923186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetic resonance angiography in children with arterial hypertension: A single-center experience","authors":"M. Cvetković, Gordana Miloševski-Lomić, Ana Petrovic, B. Spasojević, D. Paripović, M. Đukić, P. Pavićević, I. Gojković, Tanja Gaus, T. Radović, I. Stefanović, M. Kostić","doi":"10.5937/medi56-42544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/medi56-42544","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Renal blood vessel (RBV) stenosis is the cause of secondary arterial hypertension (AH) in 10% of children. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is the gold standard in diagnosing RBV stenosis. Many authors suggest Mr angiography (MRA), a non-invasive method without radiation, as an adequate diagnostic method. Our aim was to analyze the experience of our center in using MRA in children with AH. Method: This retrospective study included 148 patients hospitalized at the University Children's Hospital in Belgrade, due to AH. After initial examination, patients underwent DSA and/or MRA. Results: According to the current guidelines, DSA was performed in patients with highly suspected RBV stenosis, and the diagnosis was confirmed in 13/29 (45%). Diagnostic MRA was done in 116/119 (97.5%) patients, and control MRA was done after therapeutic revascularization in 3/119 (2.5%). In 4/116 (3.5%) patients, the findings indicated RBV stenosis, and in 44/116 (38%) it indicated some other abnormality of the kidney parenchyma and the urinary tract or RBV varieties. After MRA, DSA was performed in 7/116 (6%) patients (4 with RBV stenosis on MRA and 3 with clinical suspicion of RBV stenosis), but all findings were normal. Conclusion: According to the results, it is justified to perform a diagnostic MRA before DSA in children with highly suspected RBV stenosis, in order to avoid DSA which is an invasive procedure with radiation, in some patients with normal findings. Also, over time, we would have a clearer view of the sensitivity and specificity of MRA as a diagnostic method in RBV stenosis in children.","PeriodicalId":167411,"journal":{"name":"Medicinska istrazivanja","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130160050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors for atherosclerosis in the light of existing scientific facts","authors":"D. Vučević, Bojan Jorgačević, Milica Radosavljević, Dragoslav Đorđević, Đ. Radak","doi":"10.5937/medist1703007v","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/medist1703007v","url":null,"abstract":"Atherosclerosis is a progressive, multifactorial, diffuse, multisystemic, chronic, inflammatory disease, which is manifested by disorders of vascular, immune and metabolic system. Atherosclerosis is a disease of the large and intermediate sized arteries in which one can observe five stages (endothelial dysfunction, fatty stain, transitory lesion, fibrotic plaque and complex lesion). Pathogenesis of this disease is not fully understood. Numerous scientific theories, as well as functional, experimental and clinical studies try to explain pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, whose the frequentative consequences, coronary disease and cerebral infarction, are currently the leading worldwide cause of death. In this review, we provide an overview of recent literature data and practical knowledge related to most important risk factors for atherosclerosis. Having in mind increase of prevalence of atherosclerosis and its complications in future, it is necessary to take preventive actions to decrease risk factors (inappropriate diet rich in carbohydrates and saturated fat, obesity, smoking, sedentary lifestyle and physical inactivity). Except to lifestyle changes, usage of hypocaloric diet and increase level of physical activity, in patients with progressive atherosclerosis it is necessary to apply appropriate medical treatment.","PeriodicalId":167411,"journal":{"name":"Medicinska istrazivanja","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132970246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}