Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences , University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar最新文献

{"title":"IMPACT OF CONTROLLED AND FREE DRAINAGE ON SOIL SALINITY IN MARDAN SCARP, THROUGH LONG TERM SIMULATION OF SOLUTE TRANSPORT MODEL ( LEACHC)","authors":"G. Khan, Daulat Khan, K. A. Khan, Akhtar Ali, M. Nazeer","doi":"10.25211/JEAS.V28I1.285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25211/JEAS.V28I1.285","url":null,"abstract":"Field study was conducted to determine the impact of controlled and free drainage on soil salinity from September 2004 to September 2005 in drainage unit 106 for long term simulation of solute transport of Mardan Salinity Control and Reclamation Project (SCARP) NWFP Pakistan. Leaching Estimation and Chemistry (LEACHC) model was calibrated for 44 days. The model was simulated for one, two and five years respectively, under controlled and free drainage at one meter water table depth. Simulation indicated different patterns of salinity related to water table depths under each condition. In controlled condition, the salt trend to accumulate at the upper part of root zone mainly due to evaporation. While the salinity under free condition showed fluctuation according to the actual field condition. Result indicated that at controlled drainage of 1.0m watertable depth, soil electrical conductivity (EC) increased to 2.42 dS/ m, 3.97 dS/ m and 6.14 dS/ m after 1, 2 and 5 years of simulation at 12.5 cm depth, while 1.78, 1.92 and 2.27 dS/m at depth of 62.5 cm respectively. At 2.0 m watertable depth EC increased to 1.9 dS/ m, 2.2 and 3.8 dS/m at a depth of 12.5 cm, while at a depth of 62.5 cm EC reached to 1.8, 1.98 and 3.8 dS/m respectively. For free drainage EC decreased from 0.94 dS/m to 1.13 dS/m at depths of 12.5 and 62.5 cm respectively. The soil salinity was increased with rising of water table under controlled drainage and it decreased in case of free drainage. It is concluded that LEACHC is a valid model for simulation of solute transport and it is applicable to soil salinity status of Mardan SCARP.","PeriodicalId":167225,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences , University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126457266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"STRENGTH PREDICTION OF STEEL TUBULAR SQUARE COLUMNS IN-FILLED WITH CONCRETE","authors":"E. Mohanraj, S. Kandasamy, R. Malathy","doi":"10.25211/JEAS.V27I2.179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25211/JEAS.V27I2.179","url":null,"abstract":"The behaviour of concrete filled steel tubular (CFST) square column sections with various concrete (partial replacement of fine aggregate by fly-ash and quarry dust and coarse aggregate by granite and construction & demolition debris) strength under axial load is presented. The effects of steel tube size, length and the confinement of concrete are examined. Measured column strengths are compared with the values predicted by Eurocode 4, Australian Standards and American Codes. 18 specimens were tested with strength of concrete as 20 MPa, L/D ratio varies from 4.16 to 12.5 and a D/t ratio of 22.5. The columns were 72.0 mm in side, 3.2 mm in thick and are 300, 600 & 900 mm in length. All the three codes and modified ACI/AS predicted lower values when compare to experimental results. Hence ACl/AS equation is proposed by multi plying factor ‘k’ to predict good results for columns of L/D < 12 In this study k factor for varies L/D ratio from 4 to 12 are suggested. Modified ACI/AS gives the best estimation for CFST sections with 900 mm column length.","PeriodicalId":167225,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences , University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125291871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SINGLE CASCADE SIMULATING MOVING BED PROCESS WITH DIFFERENT COLUMNS CONFIGURATION FOR BINARY SEPARATION OF AMINO ACIDS","authors":"H. Khan, Imran Khan Swati, Nehar Ullah, Z. Ahmad","doi":"10.25211/JEAS.V27I2.177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25211/JEAS.V27I2.177","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, the binary separation of phenylalanine and tryptophan with different chromatographic column configurations was studied. Although the operational flow scheme is important in simulating moving bed (SMB) process, limitations in design of the scheme remain. The non-linear separation system is modeled with the Aspen Chromatography simulator in a four zone SMB on the basis of performance parameters such as purity, enrichment, productivity and yield. In addition, the separation of the binary system is also examined for a modified conventional SMB process, that is, Varicol. Furthermore, we investigated how subdivisions of chromatographic bed in a zone affect the wave dynamics and separation performance. Results of this study can provide guidance in operational flow schemes with different options of chromatographic column configurations for the design of SMB and Varicol processes for this binary separation or for a specific objective in the selected performance parameters.","PeriodicalId":167225,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences , University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114482084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RELIABILITY ANALYSIS OF ECCENTRICALLY LOADED WELDED CONNECTIONS IN DIRECT SHEAR AND TENSION: APPROXIMATE PROCEDURE","authors":"A. Idris, Mosugu Emmanuel Awontp","doi":"10.25211/JEAS.V27I2.173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25211/JEAS.V27I2.173","url":null,"abstract":"Reliability analysis of eccentrically welded connections fabricated from grade S2 75 steel plates, in direct shear and tension using approximate method of analysis in accordance with BS5950’ was carried using First Order Reliability Method (FORM). Design variables such as load eccentricity, ratio of breadth-to-depth of weld, weld strength and throat thickness of weld were varied at varying values of design eccentric loads. Based on the results presented, failure of the four-sided welded connections is more sensitive to variation in the strength of weld and would occur at lower weld strengths. On the other hand, in three-sided welded connections, failure occurs as a result of insufficient breadth-to depth ratio. It was also shown among other findings that, the target safety indices of four-sided and three-sided welded connections are 2.872 and 3.005 respectively. The design of the two types of connections considering the BS5950’ design criteria are satisfactory and economical2. Again, the four-sided connection is in practice loaded with higher eccentric loads because of its stability, but, will however, be unsafe at very high loads. The BS5 950’ design criteria of eccentrically loaded welded connections in direct shear and tension using approximate design procedure is satisfactory.","PeriodicalId":167225,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences , University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar","volume":"352 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125635361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MODELING AND SIMULATION OF A PROPAGATING CRACK AT A BI-MATERIAL INTERFACE UNDER IMPACT LOADING USING LS DYNA","authors":"A. Junaid, M. Irfan, H. Ullah","doi":"10.25211/JEAS.V27I2.178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25211/JEAS.V27I2.178","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents simulation of a propagating crack at a bimaterial interface. The computation simulates dynamic crack propagation experiments conducted on a modified Hopkinson bar. Commercial purity Aluminum and automotive steel 440 WGA are used to constitute a layered bi-material interface. Two configurations are tested, the first with the initial crack in aluminum and the second with the initial crack in steel. The crack tip stress in steel is higher than the crack tip stress in aluminum due to a higher modulus of elasticity of steel. With the initial crack in steel, it is expected that the propagating crack will run out of energy and as it enters aluminum it will get arrested due to crack tip plasticity. In both configurations higher impact velocities led to higher crack initial energies.","PeriodicalId":167225,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences , University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126636331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AIRCRAFT FAULT IDENTIFICATION AND DIAGNOSIS USING AN EXPERT SYSTEM: A CASE STUDY","authors":"I. Chaudhry, Fahad Khan Jadoon","doi":"10.25211/JEAS.V27I1.168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25211/JEAS.V27I1.168","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial intelligence (Al) technology is widely suggested for systematic diagnosis of faults where the amount of well-defined diagnosis knowledge is vast and the sequence of steps required to identify the fault is very long. This paper addresses the practical use of Expert System (ES) for aircraft fault identification and diagnosis. A prototype Expert System has been developed using Microsoft Windows® based K-Vision® software, a freely available expert system development tool and run on a PC. The heart of the ES i.e., the knowledge base has been developed from interviewing the experts, existing aircraft manuals and maintenance history. It has been demonstrated that expert systems can be employed effectively for aircraft fault identification and diagnosis as well as for any other problem area. The result of this development is expected to introduce a systematic and intelligent method in aircraft fault identification and diagnosis and also act as a tutor for inexperienced aircraft technicians and engineers. The paper gives brief theory of the Expert Systems and then a demonstration of the software is presented.","PeriodicalId":167225,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences , University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122890008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LS DYNA AS A VALID TOOL FOR ANALYZING STRESS WAVE PROPAGATION UNDER IMPACT LOADING","authors":"Ahmad Junaid, M. Irfan, H. Ullah","doi":"10.25211/JEAS.V27I1.170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25211/JEAS.V27I1.170","url":null,"abstract":"Hopkinson Fracture bar was successfully modeled in ANSYS — LS DYNA. The results showed very good conformity with stress wave theory used for analyzing impact experiments. Ramberg-Osgood constitutive model was successfully employed to simulate high strain rate deformation. The materials constants used in Ramberg-Osgood for the commercial purity aluminum and 440 WGA steel were determined by comparison with experiments. The results showed mesh independence. The current study validates LS DYNA as a tool to analyze dynamic experiments using stress wave theory.","PeriodicalId":167225,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences , University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127706531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"REVIEW AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A NOVEL METHODOLOGY FOR AUTOMATED DESIGN OF MECHATRONIC SYSTEMS","authors":"S. A. Kayani","doi":"10.25211/JEAS.V27I1.172.G56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25211/JEAS.V27I1.172.G56","url":null,"abstract":"Modern dynamic engineering systems can be characterized as mechatronic systems. The multi-domain nature of a mechatronic system makes it difficult to model using a single modeling technique over the whole system as varying sets of system variables are required. Bond-Graphs offer an advanced unified and object oriented modeling and simulation technique. They are domain independent allowing straightforward and efficient model composition, classification and analysis. Bond-Graph model of the mechatronic system can be directly simulated on a digital computer using simulation softwares like 20-Sim and Modelica graphically or manipulated mathematically to yield state equations using a simplified set of power and energy variables. The simulation scheme can be augmented to synthesize designs for mechatronic systems using genetic programming as a tool for open-ended search. This research paper presents results of simulated experiments that combine Bond-Graph modeling and simulation with genetic programming for automated design of a simple mechatronic system. A brief introduction to the methodology and review of associated concepts is also included.","PeriodicalId":167225,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences , University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129856821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SUPPLEMENTAL IRRIGATION TO IMPROVE WHEAT PRODUCTION AND WATER USE EFFICIENCY UNDER RAINFED FARMING CONDITIONS","authors":"Q. Hussain, A. A. Bhatti, M. Yasin, Munir Ahmad","doi":"10.25211/JEAS.V26I2.255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25211/JEAS.V26I2.255","url":null,"abstract":"The stochastic behaviors of rainfall pose serious limitations for sustained and profitable crop production in rainfed areas; farmers hesitate to apply fertilizers when they are not sure about rainfall. In view of these limitations a research study was conducted for three years (2003-2006) at field station of Water Resources Research Institute (WRRI), National Agricultural Research Centre(NARC), Islamabad to examine the effects of supplemental irrigation (SI) on wheat production and water use efficiency (WUE). Irrigation treatments employed under the experiment were: i) Rainfed without irrigation and fertilizer application (I0); ii) SI of 25 mm was applied to non-fertilizer field at 75% management allowed deficit (MAD) (I1); iii) Rainfed with fertilizer application at sowing time (I2); and iv) SI of 25mm was applied at 75% MAD and at the time of fertilizer application as top dressing (I3). Supplemental irrigation increased the crop yield during the years 2003-2006 under both fertilizer and non-fertilizer conditions. Increased in grain yield under non-fertilizer conditions (I1) ranges between 770-980 kg/ha, which is 27 to 48% higher than the rainfed yield (I0). Supplemental irrigation and split application of fertilizer (treatment I3) increased the grain yield within the range of 1000-1350 kg/ha, which is 27-49% higher than yield under treatment I2. Whereas, due to synergetic effect of supplemental irrigation and fertilizer application, increased in grain yield ranges between 1550-2030 kg/ha, which is 49% to 100% higher than the rainfed and non-fertilizer field. WUE was calculated for rain (WUEr), for total water (grass: previous soil water storage + rain + irrigation) (WUEg), for SI water only (WUEsi) and for synergetic effect (SI water + fertilizer application) (WUEsis). Water use efficiencies namely the WUEr, WUEg and WUEsi, during the period of three years under non-fertilizer conditions ranges between 6.2-7.1, 7.9-8.5 and 19.6-30.8 kg/ha/mm of water respectively. The water use efficiencies WUEr, WUEg and WUEsi, under fertilizer conditions ranges between 7.0-8.7, 8.5-11.1 and 26.8-40 kg/ha/mm of water respectively. Whereas, the WUEsis was 40.2, 62.0 and 40.6 kg/ha/mm of water during the year 2003-04, 2004-05 and 2005-06 respectively. Supplemental irrigation increased both the wheat production and water use efficiency by supplying irrigation water at critical moisture stress and improving level of input.","PeriodicalId":167225,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences , University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126966938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL CHANGES IN WATER QUALITY OF THE INDUS BASIN","authors":"M. N. Bhutta, N. Ahmed, Muhammad Zaheer Khan","doi":"10.25211/JEAS.V26I2.259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25211/JEAS.V26I2.259","url":null,"abstract":"Total useable water supply for agriculture is essentially fixed and is a limiting factor for increasing agriculture production. The objectives of this paper are to evaluate water quality of rivers, drains and groundwater. Suggestions are made for controlling pollution and for sustainable use of water. The scope of the paper is limited to the Indus Basin. The criteria based on TDS, SAR and RSC was used to categorize water as useable, marginal and hazardous quality for agricultural use. Data of different water quality surveys from 1959 to 2003 were used for the study. Spatial changes of groundwater quality indicate saline water intrusion towards fresh groundwater pockets. Temporal changes of groundwater quality also show deterioration of water, quality over long periods. Canal supplies need to be increased to reduce reliance on groundwater which indirectly help sustainable use of groundwater. River water quality at Kotri, the lowest point in the Indus River system, is suitable for irrigation throughout the year. However, pollution is a serious issue particularly during low flow periods. During the year 2004 about 40 persons died in Hyderabad due to pollution in drinking water the source of which was the River Indus. Municipal and Industrial effluents are being disposed into rivers, drains and canals without treatment which is not only detrimental to crops, human beings, livestock and marine life but also a potential threat to environment. Out of 143 outfall drains of the Indus Basin, the effluent quality of 53 drains is useable. 46 marginal and 44 hazardous. A large number of farmers are using drainage effluent for agriculture. There is no monitoring of land and water for such use. Provincial irrigation department and environment protection agencies should provide technical guidance and support to the farmers, using the drainage effluent. The Environment Act should be strictly implemented. Provincial Irrigation and Drainage Authorities (PIDA‘s) must work with Provincial Environmental Protection Departments to achieve the compliance of NEQS and protecting the quality of rivers, canals and agricultural drainage effluent. it is recommended that integrated water resource management approach should be adopted by consulting and involving all the stakeholders to protect the water quality in the Indus Basin. A regulator programme for water quality monitoring in irrigated areas and water bodies of the country should be Initiated.","PeriodicalId":167225,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences , University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129717705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}