{"title":"Acknowledgment of Reviewers 2023.","authors":"","doi":"10.1089/jop.2023.29117.ack","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/jop.2023.29117.ack","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16689,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":"40 3","pages":"201-202"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140865631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The <i>JOPT</i> Story: 40 Years of Growth and Focus.","authors":"W D Stamer, C E Crosson, D E Potter, U B Kompella","doi":"10.1089/jop.2024.29121.editorial","DOIUrl":"10.1089/jop.2024.29121.editorial","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16689,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":"40 3","pages":"155-156"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140866493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Differential Effects of Benzalkonium Chloride on Human Trabecular Meshwork Cells Not Treated or Treated with Transforming Growth Factor-β2 or Dexamethasone.","authors":"Megumi Watanabe, Tatsuya Sato, Araya Umetsu, Nami Nishikiori, Megumi Higashide, Masato Furuhashi, Hiroshi Ohguro","doi":"10.1089/jop.2023.0136","DOIUrl":"10.1089/jop.2023.0136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Purpose:</i></b> The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of low concentrations of benzalkonium chloride (BAC) (10<sup>-7</sup>%, 10<sup>-6</sup>%, or 10<sup>-5</sup>%) on healthy and glaucomatous human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cells. For this purpose, we used <i>in vitro</i> models replicating a healthy HTM and HTM with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) or steroid-induced glaucoma (SG) using two-dimensional (2D) cultures of HTM cells not treated or treated with a 5 ng/mL solution of transforming growth factor-β2 or 250 nM dexamethasone (DEX). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Analyses were carried out for (1) the intercellular affinity function of 2D HTM monolayers, as determined by transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurements; (2) cell viability; (3) cellular metabolism by using a Seahorse bioanalyzer; and (4) expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules, an ECM modulator, and cell junction-related molecules. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In the absence and presence of BAC (10<sup>-7</sup>% or 10<sup>-5</sup>%), intercellular affinity function determined by TEER and cellular metabolic activities were significantly and dose dependently affected in both healthy and glaucomatous HTM cells despite the fact that there was no significant decrease in cell viabilities. However, the effects based on TEER values were significantly greater in the healthy HTM. The mRNA expression of several molecules that were tested was not substantially modulated by these concentrations of BAC. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The findings reported herein suggest that low concentrations of BAC may have unfavorable adverse effects on cellular metabolic capacity by inducing increases in the intercellular affinity properties of the HTM, but those effects of BAC were different in healthy and glaucomatous HTM cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":16689,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":"189-196"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140175107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Eyes on New Product Development.","authors":"Gary D Novack","doi":"10.1089/jop.2024.29120.gdn","DOIUrl":"10.1089/jop.2024.29120.gdn","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16689,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":"158-159"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140175108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Epinastine Cream: A Novel Once-Daily Therapeutic Agent for Allergic Conjunctivitis.","authors":"Naoki Ogura, Koushi Fujisawa, Masatomo Kato","doi":"10.1089/jop.2023.0132","DOIUrl":"10.1089/jop.2023.0132","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Purpose:</i></b> To investigate the <i>in vivo</i> efficacy of epinastine cream in type I allergic models. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The dose, timing, and antiallergic effect of epinastine cream on the conjunctiva were evaluated postapplication to the eyelid skin of guinea pigs with histamine- or ovalbumin-induced allergic conjunctivitis. Additionally, we assessed its antiallergic effects on the skin postapplication to the dorsal skin of guinea pigs with ovalbumin-induced passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. Efficacy was estimated by determining the amount of dye that leaked from conjunctival or dorsal skin tissue vessels as a measure of vascular permeability, scoring the severity of allergic symptoms, and observing the scratching behaviors using clinical parameters. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In the histamine-induced conjunctivitis model, epinastine cream strongly inhibited conjunctival vascular permeability in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibitory effect of 0.5% epinastine cream 24 h postapplication was significantly higher than that of 0.1% epinastine hydrochloride ophthalmic solution 8 h postadministration. Additionally, the 0.5% epinastine cream inhibited conjunctival vascular permeability 15 min postapplication, and the effect was sustained over 24 h. Furthermore, the 0.5% epinastine cream effectively suppressed clinical symptom scores and exhibited ameliorated scratching bouts in conjunctival allergic reactions in the experimental allergic conjunctivitis model. Additionally, it significantly inhibited vascular permeability in skin allergic reactions in the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis model. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The results suggest that epinastine cream is a strong, long-lasting, and skin-penetrating inhibitor of type I allergic reactions. The 0.5% epinastine cream applied once daily could be a promising, potent, and long-acting therapeutic agent for allergic conjunctivitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":16689,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":"173-180"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139048870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Eyes on New Product Development.","authors":"Gary D Novack","doi":"10.1089/jop.2024.29119.gdn","DOIUrl":"10.1089/jop.2024.29119.gdn","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16689,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":"40 2","pages":"109-110"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140136854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact of Prolonged Persisting Subretinal Fluid on the Outcome of Aflibercept Treatment in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration.","authors":"Ji Hyun Lee, Jae Hui Kim","doi":"10.1089/jop.2023.0124","DOIUrl":"10.1089/jop.2023.0124","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Purpose:</i></b> To evaluate the effect of prolonged residual subretinal fluid (SRF) on the outcomes of aflibercept treatment in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This retrospective study included patients diagnosed with neovascular AMD or PCV who presented with fovea-involving residual SRF that persisted for a minimum of 6 months while undergoing aflibercept treatment. Changes in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) during persistent SRF were evaluated. The factors associated with the risk of visual deterioration during this period were also investigated. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In total, 135 patients were included in this study. During this period, the duration of the presence of residual SRF was 17.1 ± 10.3 months and mean injection interval was 2.6 ± 0.7 months. The mean BCVA was changed from 0.30 ± 0.23(Snellen equivalents, 20/39) to 0.36 ± 0.28 (20/45). In 18 (13.3%) patients, ≥2 lines of visual deterioration was noted. The duration of persisting SRF (<i>P</i> = 0.008) and mean height of SRF (<i>P</i> = 0.005) were significantly associated with a high risk of visual deterioration. Among the 80 patients with mean SRF height <100 μm, ≥2 lines of visual deterioration were noted in 4 (5.0%) patients. Among 41 patients with the mean SRF height ≥100 μm and <200 μm and 14 patients with the mean SRF height ≥200 μm, the visual deterioration was noted in 8 (19.5%) and 6 (42.9%) patients, respectively. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> In cases of neovascular AMD or PCV in which SRF persists without complete resolution during treatment, minimizing the duration of persistent SRF and mean height of SRF is recommended to mitigate the risk of visual deterioration. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifiers: NCT05662943 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05662943?cond=type%201%20macular%20neovascularization&rank=2).</p>","PeriodicalId":16689,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":"40 2","pages":"136-143"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140136855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elyssa Dionne, Jane Z Spadaro, Agata M P Atayde, Ninani Kombo
{"title":"Antibiotic Prescribing Patterns Among U.S. Ophthalmologists and Optometrists from 2018 to 2021 in the Medicare Part D Database.","authors":"Elyssa Dionne, Jane Z Spadaro, Agata M P Atayde, Ninani Kombo","doi":"10.1089/jop.2023.0126","DOIUrl":"10.1089/jop.2023.0126","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Purpose:</i></b> To assess antibiotic prescribing patterns among ophthalmologists and optometrists from 2018 to 2021. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This is an observational, retrospective cohort study of the Medicare Part D prescriber public use files from 2018 to 2020. Prescription trends were analyzed with analysis of variance and negative binomial regression tests based on specialty, region, and types of antibiotics. <b><i>Results:</i></b> From 2018 to 2021, the number of ophthalmologists in the Medicare Part D database decreased from 18,452 to 18,285, and the number of optometrists increased from 23,071 to 24,734. Throughout the study period, the total number and proportion of antibiotic prescriptions by ophthalmologists and optometrists stayed almost constant with a dip in 2020, likely reflecting the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Both ophthalmologists and optometrists demonstrated geographic regional differences in prescribing patterns. The South consistently had the highest average number of claims per provider. Of the antibiotics prescribed by ophthalmologists in 2021, 48.6% are from the fluoroquinolone class, 20.5% are from the aminoglycoside class, and 18.2% are from the macrolide class. Optometrists were found to be more likely to prescribe antibiotics in a formulation combined with a corticosteroid throughout the study period. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Our results have shown that prescribing patterns among ophthalmologists and optometrists have demonstrated significant changes in prescriptions of microbial resistance-promoting antibiotics. These patterns persist despite nation-wide attempts to control antimicrobial resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":16689,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":"144-151"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139417308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Inês M Reis, Philip J Dixon, Poorvajan Sekar, Anuj Chauhan
{"title":"Sustained Delivery of Olopatadine from Vitamin-E Loaded Contact Lenses.","authors":"Inês M Reis, Philip J Dixon, Poorvajan Sekar, Anuj Chauhan","doi":"10.1089/jop.2023.0111","DOIUrl":"10.1089/jop.2023.0111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Purpose:</i></b> Topical antihistamines, such as olopatadine hydrochloride, an H1 receptor antagonist, are commonly prescribed for treating allergic conjunctivitis. Drug delivery via eye drops has many deficiencies including a short residence time due to tear drainage via the nasolacrimal duct, which results in a low bioavailability and potential for side effects. These deficiencies could be mitigated by a drug-eluting contact lens such as the recently approved ACUVUE<sup>®</sup> THERAVISION™ WITH KETOTIFEN which is a daily disposable etafilcon, a drug-eluting contact lens with ketotifen (19 μg per lens). Here, we investigate the feasibility of designing a drug-eluting lens with sustained release of olopatadine for treating allergies using an extended wear lens. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Nanobarrier depots composed of vitamin-E (VE) are formed through direct entrapment by ethanol-driven swelling. The drug-loaded lenses are characterized for transparency and water content. <i>In vitro</i> release is measured under sink conditions and fitted to a diffusion control release model to determine diffusivity and partition coefficient. <b><i>Results:</i></b> <i>In vitro</i> studies indicate that ACUVUE OASYS<sup>®</sup> and ACUVUE TruEye™ lenses loaded with ∼0.3 g of VE/g of hydrogel effectively prolong olopatadine dynamics by 7-fold and 375-fold, respectively. Incorporation of VE into the lenses retains visible light transmission and other properties. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The VE incorporation in commercial lenses significantly increases the release duration offering the possibility of antiallergy extended wear lenses.</p>","PeriodicalId":16689,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":"40 2","pages":"126-135"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11265619/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140136856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Júlio Almeida, Tomás R Costa, Maria Vivas, Catarina Monteiro, Fernando T Vaz, Quirina Ferreira, Isabel Prieto, Luís A Pinto, Joana T Ferreira
{"title":"Vitamin B<sub>3</sub> Supplementation for Optic Neuropathies: A Comprehensive Review.","authors":"Júlio Almeida, Tomás R Costa, Maria Vivas, Catarina Monteiro, Fernando T Vaz, Quirina Ferreira, Isabel Prieto, Luís A Pinto, Joana T Ferreira","doi":"10.1089/jop.2023.0125","DOIUrl":"10.1089/jop.2023.0125","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Optic neuropathies, such as glaucoma, are some of the leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide. There has been a lot of research for potential therapies that could attenuate and even reduce the impact of the pathological pathways that lead to the loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). In recent years, vitamin B<sub>3</sub> (nicotinamide) has gained some interest as a viable option for these neurodegenerative diseases due to its fundamental role in enhancing the mitochondria metabolism of the RGCs. This review focuses on elucidating the impact of vitamin B<sub>3</sub> on retinal cells, especially when in a dysfunctional state like what happens in optic neuropathies, especially glaucoma. This review also summarizes the existing and future research on the clinical effects of vitamin B<sub>3</sub> in these optic neuropathies, and determines appropriate recommendations regarding its dosing, efficacy, and eventual side effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":16689,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":"111-116"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139048871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}