Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics最新文献

{"title":"Corticosteroid as Treatment in Infective Conjunctivitis: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Lily Raudah Putri, Lukman Edwar","doi":"10.1089/jop.2024.0110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/jop.2024.0110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Corticosteroid use as an anti-inflammatory agent in infective conjunctivitis has been met with concerns about prolonged infection. This systematic review aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of corticosteroids as a treatment for infective conjunctivitis. A comprehensive search was conducted on PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Embase, and ProQuest for clinical trials of topical corticosteroids with or without combination with other medications in bacterial or viral conjunctivitis up to November 2023. The studies were screened, and data on safety and efficacy were extracted. The quality of studies was assessed using the Jadad Scale. Meta-analysis was performed using the random-effects model, with heterogeneity assessed with the <i>I</i>² statistic. We found ten clinical trials that met the inclusion criteria. Overall meta-analysis revealed significant clinical resolution in dexamethasone-containing therapy compared to non-corticosteroid treatment (OR 1.51; 95% CI 1.19-1.92), with several studies reporting significantly reduced clinical symptoms severity. Two of the six studies assessing viral and bacterial eradication reported significantly improved viral clearance rates. Meta-analysis indicated no difference in ocular adverse effects compared to nonsteroid therapy (OR 1.33; 95% CI 0.82-2.16). In conclusion, corticosteroid use in infective conjunctivitis is relatively safe and may help improve clinical resolution and reduce symptom severity, especially when combined with antibiotics and antiseptics.</p>","PeriodicalId":16689,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143586066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Letter to the Editor:</i> Effect of Aqueous Tears on Topical Fluorescein Tracer Emission Signal from Cornea and Anterior Chamber.","authors":"Alyson Kishi, Alana D Bryant, David M Reed, Carol B Toris, Vikas Gulati, Arthur J Sit, Shan Fan, Arash A Kazemi, Sayoko E Moroi","doi":"10.1089/jop.2024.0143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/jop.2024.0143","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16689,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143597057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists Being Used in Infants?","authors":"Owais M Aftab, Hamza Khan, Albert Bargoud, Albert S Khouri","doi":"10.1089/jop.2024.0095","DOIUrl":"10.1089/jop.2024.0095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Purpose:</i></b> To identify and quantify adverse events (AEs) associated with alpha-2 adrenergic agonists prescribed for the treatment of glaucoma in infants. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We queried the Federal Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) from 2004-2023Q1 for AE reports related to brimonidine use in patients aged 12 months or younger. We then conducted a disproportionality analysis using data mining algorithms, including the reporting odds ratio, proportional reporting ratio, empirical bayes geometric mean, and information component to identify significant symptoms. <b><i>Results:</i></b> We identified 35 unique AE reports associated with brimonidine. Of these, 27 cases involved hospitalization, 13 cases involved life-threatening complications, 18 cases reported other complications, and 1 case involved a congenital anomaly. The most commonly reported AE was hypotonia, occurring in 20 cases. This was followed by other systemic symptoms, including hypothermia, depressed level of consciousness, lethargy, general toxicity, and pallor, among others. All symptoms were found to be significant in the disproportionality analysis. Notably, most cases were not known to involve an ophthalmic route of exposure. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The use of alpha-2 adrenergic agonists in infants aged 1 year or younger has been associated with various systemic AEs, including hypotension, respiratory depression, and central nervous system depression. Ophthalmologists should be aware of these potential risks. Further, more rigorous warnings should be in place to prevent unintentional exposure of infants to brimonidine.</p>","PeriodicalId":16689,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":"75-78"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142036104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Multicenter, Randomized, Clinical Trial Assessing the Effect of rTG-Omega 3 Supplementation on Meibomian Gland Dysfunction Patients after Cataract Surgery rTG-Omega 3 for Meibomian Gland Dysfunction.","authors":"Suji Hong, Minji Woo, Youngsub Eom, Hong Kyun Kim, Kyung Chul Yoon, Kyung Sun Na, Kyung Jin Cho, Hyung Keun Lee, Jong Suk Song","doi":"10.1089/jop.2024.0160","DOIUrl":"10.1089/jop.2024.0160","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> To investigate the effectiveness of re-esterified triglyceride form of omega 3 (rTG-omega 3) on patients with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) after cataract surgery. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This multicenter, randomized, investigator-blinded, clinical study was conducted between June 2021 and March 2023 and enrolled 107 patients with MGD who had undergone cataract surgery within 3 months at seven sites across South Korea. Patients were randomly assigned to rTG-omega 3 group or a control group. We compared (1) tear film break-up time (TBUT) (s), (2) corneal fluorescein staining score [National Eye Institute/Industry (NEI) scale], (3) conjunctival fluorescein staining score (NEI scale), (4) strip meniscometry (SM) tube score (mm), (5) MGD stage, (6) MG quality, (7) MG expressibility, (8) Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness (SPEED) score, and (9) Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) scores at baseline and 6 and 12 weeks. <b><i>Results:</i></b> TBUT, corneal fluorescein staining score, and SM tube score were significantly improved in the rTG-omega 3 group compared with control group (<i>P</i> = 0.005, <i>P</i> = 0.003, and <i>P</i> = 0.0049, respectively). Subjective questionnaire responses were also improved significantly (SPEED score, <i>P</i> = 0.022; OSDI score, <i>P</i> = 0.0011). MGD parameters were not significantly different. However, during subanalysis, significant improvements in MG quality and expressibility were observed in the MGD stage 4 group with rTG-omega 3 supplementation (<i>P</i> = 0.0177 and <i>P =</i> 0.0205, respectively). <b><i>Discussion:</i></b> rTG-omega 3 supplementation facilitated improvements in both objective and subjective parameters. In particular, MG quality and expressibility were significantly improved in the severe MGD group.</p>","PeriodicalId":16689,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":"65-74"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143189704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eyes on New Product Development.","authors":"Gary D Novack","doi":"10.1089/jop.2025.0009","DOIUrl":"10.1089/jop.2025.0009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16689,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":"41-43"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143033324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>N</i>-Methyl-d-Aspartate-Induced Excitotoxicity and Its Impact on the Renin-Angiotensin System in Retinal Tissue.","authors":"Abdul Malick Sahib Mohammed Irfan, Sharon Geoffrey, Htet Htet, Purushotham Krishnappa, Norhafiza Razali, Igor Iezhitsa, Renu Agarwal","doi":"10.1089/jop.2024.0131","DOIUrl":"10.1089/jop.2024.0131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Purpose:</i></b> Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is expressed in neuronal tissue and plays a role in neurodegenerative diseases involving excitotoxicity as a pathophysiological mechanism. In retina, excessive excitatory neurotransmission via <i>N</i>-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors underlies neuronal apoptosis in conditions like glaucoma. However, it is not known if NMDA-mediated excitotoxicity alters retinal RAS expression. Hence, this study investigated the effect of NMDA exposure on the expression of RAS in rat retinas. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Two groups of Sprague-Dawley rats received either phosphate buffer saline or NMDA (160 nmol). On day 7 posttreatment, retinal expression of RAS components including renin, angiotensinogen, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin II (Ang II), Ang 1-7, Ang 1-9, MAS receptor, angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R), ACE2, and aldosterone was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and polymerase chain reaction. Morphometric studies were done to assess morphological alterations. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Following the exposure to NMDA, an upregulation of ACE expression was noted at both the protein (2.03-folds; <i>P</i> < 0.001) and mRNA (1.86-folds; <i>P</i> < 0.01) levels in rat retinas. AT1R protein and mRNA expression were greater by 1.73 (<i>P</i> < 0.0001) and 2.28-folds (<i>P</i> < 0.0001), respectively. However, mRNA expression for ACE2, Ang 1-7, and Ang 1-9, showed a 1.51-(<i>P</i> < 0.05), 2.41-(<i>P</i> < 0.001), and 2.37-(<i>P</i> < 0.0001) fold decrease. Ganglion cell layer (GCL) thickness and linear cell density in GCL were significantly lower in the NMDA-treated group (<i>P</i> < 0.05). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> NMDA exposure increases expression of the classical RAS and suppresses that of alternate RAS in rat retinas. These alterations are associated with retinal morphological changes indicating significant loss of neuronal cells in the GCL of rat retinas.</p>","PeriodicalId":16689,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":"79-86"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142813607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of Janus Kinase Inhibitors as Therapies for Noninfectious Uveitis.","authors":"Hui Yu Juan, Shwu-Jiuan Sheu, De-Kuang Hwang","doi":"10.1089/jop.2024.0100","DOIUrl":"10.1089/jop.2024.0100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Uveitis remains one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide, with different etiologies requiring separate approaches to treatment. For over a decade, oral, topical, and local injection of corticosteroids as well as systemic conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) have remained the most effective treatment for noninfectious uveitis (NIU). Systemic administration of antitumor necrosis factor-α and other biological DMARDs have been used for treating cases that responded inadequately to conventional treatments. Unfortunately, some refractory patients still suffer from frequent attacks despite the combination of multiple treatments. Recently, there has been promising evidence for Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors as the next-generation therapy for NIU. The JAK/signal transducers and activators of the transcription (STAT) signaling pathway mediate the downstream events involved in immune fitness, tissue repair, inflammation, apoptosis, and adipogenesis by binding various ligands, such as cytokines, growth hormones, and growth factors. The mutation or loss of JAK/STAT components is implicated in autoimmune diseases, thus inhibition of such pathways has been an important area of research in therapeutic development.¹ In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the efficacy and safety of JAK inhibitors for the management of NIU, with evidence from current trials and case reports.</p>","PeriodicalId":16689,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":"44-53"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142307971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Results of the Use of a Combined Solution of 0.5% Carboxymethylcellulose, 0.9% Glycerin, and 3% Trehalose for the Treatment of Dry Eye Disease.","authors":"Pedro-Ivan Navarro-Naranjo, Alberto Chacon-Aponte, Gerardo Artunduaga-Rodriguez","doi":"10.1089/jop.2024.0115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/jop.2024.0115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Objective:</i></b> To describe the clinical effects of a novel, combined ocular lubricant for treating patients with dry eye disease. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A noncomparative, retrospective cohort of 67 eyes (67 patients) with a confirmed diagnosis of dry eye disease using the ocular surface disease index (>12), tear osmolarity, and ocular surface parameters (noninvasive break-up time, meniscus height, and meibography) evaluated using the Cornea550 were included. All patients were treated with a combination of 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose, glycerin 0.9%, and trehalose 3% with a dosing regimen of one drop four times a day for 1 month with a final evaluation of the same parameters. <b><i>Results:</i></b> We included 67 eyes (80.6% females) with a mean age of 48.3 ± 16.2 years (standard deviation [SD]). In total, 37% of the subjects had comorbidities such as hypothyroidism (9%), ocular rosacea (4%), Sjogren's syndrome (4%), and arterial hypertension (4%). Of these, 34% were taking systemic medications and 56.7% had previous ocular surgery. The mean ocular surface disease index score before treatment was 57.6 ± 17.2 (SD) and 22.2 ± 12.9 points (SD) after treatment (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Other parameters such as noninvasive break-up time, meniscus height, and meibography improved without a statistically significant difference. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Cristal Tears Plus is a novel, combined, and multipurpose treatment for dry eye disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":16689,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143522822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Chemical Injury on Autophagy in Canine Corneal Stromal Fibroblasts.","authors":"Brayden L Routh, Ratnakar Tripathi, Elizabeth A Giuliano, Brenden R Lankau, Prashant R Sinha, Rajiv R Mohan","doi":"10.1089/jop.2024.0211","DOIUrl":"10.1089/jop.2024.0211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Purpose:</i></b> Ocular trauma leads to loss of corneal clarity resulting in vision deficits. Autophagy plays a critical role in the extracellular matrix, tissue repair, and homeostasis but its precise mechanistic role in regulating corneal function remains unknown. The present study investigated the modulation of autophagy-related genes (<i>LC3, Beclin1, Sqstm1/p62,</i> and <i>Lamp1</i>) in healthy and injured canine corneal stromal fibroblasts (CSFs). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Primary CSFs were generated from healthy donor canine corneas and grown in minimum essential medium. Following incubation, cultures were exposed to nitrogen mustard (NM) and subjected to an autophagy activator, rapamycin (R), or vehicle treatment. Phase-contrast microscopy, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and immunofluorescence staining were used to study the role of autophagy genes in canine corneal wound healing <i>in vitro</i>. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Phase-contrast microscopy showed that NM exposure led to morphological changes with stress fibers in CSFs, which was noticeably decreased by rapamycin treatment. Treatment of CSFs with rapamycin alone showed fibroblast hypertrophy while vehicle-treated population of CSFs exhibited typical spindle morphology. The qRT-PCR showed increased expression of <i>LC3, Beclin1,</i> and <i>Lamp1</i> mRNA when treated with NM, NM+R, and R in comparison to vehicle-treated CSFs. <i>Sqstm1/p62</i> expression was upregulated in the NM and NM+R treatment groups but was reduced in the R-treated group. Immunofluorescence showed similar results of the protein levels. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> This study suggests that autophagy is an essential component in corneal healing post-injury. Further, results suggest that targeting autophagy may offer an attractive treatment option to reestablish corneal clarity following ocular insult.</p>","PeriodicalId":16689,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143441279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety and Efficacy of 0.1% Cyclosporine Solutions in Dry Eye Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.","authors":"Yuri Aleksander-Ivanov, Dillan Cunha Amaral, Lidia Cheidde, Gabriel Nery Lima, Carolina Carvalho Soares Valentim, Michel Sebba Chater, Denisse J Mora-Paez, Jaime Guedes","doi":"10.1089/jop.2024.0169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/jop.2024.0169","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Purpose:</i></b> Cyclosporine A (CsA) is a primary treatment for dry eye disease (DED). Ophthalmic solutions containing CsA are available in concentrations of 0.05%, 0.09%, and 0.1%. While 0.1% CsA solutions have been used to treat DED, their safety and effectiveness remains somewhat uncertain. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate their safety and efficacy. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We searched PubMed, Cochrane Database, Embase, and Web of Science for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared 0.1% CsA solutions with their vehicle. Statistical analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.4.1. <b><i>Results:</i></b> We included six RCTs (2,170 patients) with follow-up periods ranging from 4 weeks to 6 months. A total of 1,119 patients (51.56%) with DED were treated with 0.1% CsA. The mean age of patients was 57.9 ± 4.8 years, with 79.7% being female. The total corneal fluorescein staining (tCFS) at last follow-up [mean differences (MD) -0.49; 95% confidence interval (CI) (-0.73, -0.24); <i>P</i> < 0.0001], at 4 weeks [MD -0.64; 95% CI (-1.07, -0.22); <i>P =</i> 0.003], and central corneal fluorescein staining (cCFS) [MD -0.19; 95% CI (-0.35, -0.03); <i>P =</i> 0.02] scores were lower in patients treated with 0.1% CsA compared with vehicle. The Lissamine Green conjunctival staining (LGCS) [MD -0.51; 95% CI (-0.78, -0.24); <i>P =</i> 0.0002] and ocular surface disease index (OSDI) scores [MD -3.04; 95% CI (-5.84, -0.23); <i>P =</i> 0.03] were lower in the 0.1% CsA group compared with vehicle. Adverse events associated with 0.1% CsA solution in the treatment of DED varied across studies, but were generally mild to moderate. Notably, similar events were also significantly present in the vehicle group, supporting the safety profile of this treatment. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Ophthalmic 0.1% CsA seems safe for treating DED, and significantly reduced tCFS, cCFS, LGCS, and OSDI scores compared with vehicle solutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":16689,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143391168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}