Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics最新文献

{"title":"<i>Letter:</i> Effect of Aqueous Tears on Topical Fluorescein Tracer Emission Signal from Cornea and Anterior Chamber.","authors":"Alyson Kishi, Alana D Bryant, David M Reed, Carol B Toris, Vikas Gulati, Arthur J Sit, Shan Fan, Arash A Kazemi, Sayoko E Moroi","doi":"10.1089/jop.2024.0143","DOIUrl":"10.1089/jop.2024.0143","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16689,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":"226-227"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143597057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety and Efficacy of 0.1% Cyclosporine Solutions in Dry Eye Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.","authors":"Yuri Aleksander-Ivanov, Dillan Cunha Amaral, Lidia Cheidde, Gabriel Nery Lima, Carolina Carvalho Soares Valentim, Michel Sebba Chater, Denisse J Mora-Paez, Jaime Guedes","doi":"10.1089/jop.2024.0169","DOIUrl":"10.1089/jop.2024.0169","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Purpose:</i></b> Cyclosporine A (CsA) is a primary treatment for dry eye disease (DED). Ophthalmic solutions containing CsA are available in concentrations of 0.05%, 0.09%, and 0.1%. While 0.1% CsA solutions have been used to treat DED, their safety and effectiveness remains somewhat uncertain. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate their safety and efficacy. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We searched PubMed, Cochrane Database, Embase, and Web of Science for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared 0.1% CsA solutions with their vehicle. Statistical analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.4.1. <b><i>Results:</i></b> We included six RCTs (2,170 patients) with follow-up periods ranging from 4 weeks to 6 months. A total of 1,119 patients (51.56%) with DED were treated with 0.1% CsA. The mean age of patients was 57.9 ± 4.8 years, with 79.7% being female. The total corneal fluorescein staining (tCFS) at last follow-up [mean differences (MD) -0.49; 95% confidence interval (CI) (-0.73, -0.24); <i>P</i> < 0.0001], at 4 weeks [MD -0.64; 95% CI (-1.07, -0.22); <i>P =</i> 0.003], and central corneal fluorescein staining (cCFS) [MD -0.19; 95% CI (-0.35, -0.03); <i>P =</i> 0.02] scores were lower in patients treated with 0.1% CsA compared with vehicle. The Lissamine Green conjunctival staining (LGCS) [MD -0.51; 95% CI (-0.78, -0.24); <i>P =</i> 0.0002] and ocular surface disease index (OSDI) scores [MD -3.04; 95% CI (-5.84, -0.23); <i>P =</i> 0.03] were lower in the 0.1% CsA group compared with vehicle. Adverse events associated with 0.1% CsA solution in the treatment of DED varied across studies, but were generally mild to moderate. Notably, similar events were also significantly present in the vehicle group, supporting the safety profile of this treatment. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Ophthalmic 0.1% CsA seems safe for treating DED, and significantly reduced tCFS, cCFS, LGCS, and OSDI scores compared with vehicle solutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":16689,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":"199-209"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143391168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eyes on New Product Development.","authors":"Gary D Novack","doi":"10.1089/jop.2025.0073","DOIUrl":"10.1089/jop.2025.0073","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16689,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":"171-172"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143772563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Efficacy of Current Topical Treatments for Dry Eye Disease: A Review of Pivotal Clinical Trials Evaluating Corneal Staining Outcomes.","authors":"Ahmad Fahmy, Masih Ahmed, Stephen Pflugfelder, Anara Serikbaeva, Fang-Wei Tsao","doi":"10.1089/jop.2024.0192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/jop.2024.0192","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disorder characterized by disruption of tear film homeostasis, resulting in ocular surface inflammation and damage. Although several Food and Drug Administration-approved topical treatments are available, direct comparisons of their efficacy and safety are complicated by variability in study designs and corneal staining grading scales. This review systematically evaluates and compares the efficacy and safety of topical therapies approved in the United States, focusing on anti-inflammatory and semi-fluorinated alkane (SFA)-based therapies. A systematic literature review identified 12 randomized controlled trials involving a total of 6,984 patients with varying severity of DED eligible for inclusion, with 8 providing data suitable for quantitative meta-analysis and 5 for exploratory regression analysis. Meta-analysis indicated that cyclosporine 0.1%/SFA showed the most significant early improvement (within ≤4 weeks) in total corneal fluorescein staining, outperforming other treatments. Exploratory regression analysis further supported these findings, demonstrating that cyclosporine 0.1%/SFA had the fastest and most consistent reduction in corneal staining, with the steepest improvement slope and strong predictability (<i>R</i>² = 0.871). Safety analyses highlighted improved local tolerability for SFA-based therapies compared with traditional anti-inflammatory treatments, notably lower instillation site discomfort for both cyclosporine 0.1%/SFA (2.5%-9.9%) and perfluorohexyloctane (≤1%) vs. other cyclosporine formulations. SFA-based therapies, especially cyclosporine 0.1%/SFA, demostrated robust efficacy in improving signs of DED with superior tolerability profiles compared to traditional anti-inflammatory treatments. These findings support the role in effectively managing ocular surface inflammation and optimizing treatment strategies in DED.</p>","PeriodicalId":16689,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143970754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beneficial Effect of Rebamipide Eye Drops on Blue Light-Induced Oxidative Damage in the Ocular Surface.","authors":"Jingting Liu, Enying Jiang, Hyunjee Kim, Jayoung Moon, Hyeon Jeong Yoon, Kyung Chul Yoon","doi":"10.1089/jop.2024.0208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/jop.2024.0208","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Purpose:</i></b> We evaluated the capacity of rebamipide (REB) to alleviate corneal epithelial damage induced via blue light (BL) exposure. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Eight-week-old C57BL/6 mice were exposed to BL (410 nm, 100 J) twice daily for 10 days. The mice were randomly divided into 5 groups: 1 untreated and 4 groups receiving BL exposure ± different topical treatments: BL exposure alone, carboxymethylcellulose, 5% <i>N</i>-acetylcysteine, and REB. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were assessed, and <i>Bcl-2</i>-associated X protein (<i>BAX) protein</i> was analyzed. Apoptotic cells were detected, inflammatory cytokine levels [tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)] were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and histopathological changes in the cornea were evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The REB group demonstrated significantly lower BL exposure-induced ROS levels (<i>P</i> < 0.01) and <i>BAX</i> expression (<i>P</i> < 0.01) than the BL group. The number of Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) positive cells were lower in the REB group than in the BL group (<i>P</i> < 0.01). Furthermore, ELISA analysis revealed significantly reduced TNF-α and IL-6 levels in the REB group relative to BL group levels (<i>P</i> < 0.01). Hematoxylin and eosin staining showed preservation of corneal epithelial thickness. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Rebamipide alleviated BL-induced oxidative damage to ocular surfaces by reducing ROS levels, inhibiting apoptosis, and suppressing inflammatory cytokine expression.</p>","PeriodicalId":16689,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143998355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eyes on New Product Development.","authors":"Gary D Novack","doi":"10.1089/jop.2025.0097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/jop.2025.0097","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16689,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144026614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tacrolimus 0.1% Ophthalmic Suspension: Corneal and Intraocular Penetration Study.","authors":"Maxime Quirke, Fabien Lamoureux, Christophe Arnoult, Gladys Gress, Ariella Ganem, Théophile Charpentier, Marc Muraine, Julie Gueudry","doi":"10.1089/jop.2024.0165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/jop.2024.0165","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Purpose:</i></b> Topical tacrolimus is currently used in ocular surface pathologies as a corticosteroid-sparing immunosuppressive agent. It could also help prevent endothelial corneal graft rejection and inflammatory diseases; however, its hydrophobic nature and high molecular weight theoretically limit its intraocular penetration. The aim of this study is to investigate the corneal and intraocular penetration of a 0.1% tacrolimus ophthalmic suspension. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Sixteen rabbits were randomly spread into four groups defined by the delay between the last tacrolimus instillation and corneal sampling (2, 6, 11, and 24 h). Three rabbits per group received bilateral instillations of tacrolimus twice daily for 5 days, the 4th subject in each group serving as negative controls. The 5th day, conjunctiva, corneal epithelium, anterior stroma, posterior stroma, corneal endothelium, iris, choroid/retina, aqueous humor, and plasma samples were collected. Tacrolimus concentrations were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Maximum mean concentration was reached after 2 h in the epithelium, anterior and posterior stroma, and endothelium: 12794 (±2656), 436 (±178), 341 (±179), and 4125 (±1673) ng/g, respectively. The descending rank order of exposure over 24 h was: corneal epithelium; corneal endothelium; conjunctiva; anterior stroma; posterior stroma; iris; and chorioretina with 158.0; 39.99; 4.620; 4.134; 3.350; 0.384; 0.270 ng.h/mg, respectively. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Tacrolimus concentrations measured in the corneal tissues are significantly higher than that described as lower limit of efficacy in solid organ transplantation. Topical 0.1% tacrolimus could therefore become an alternative to corticosteroids for endothelial graft rejection prevention and endothelial inflammatory pathologies management.</p>","PeriodicalId":16689,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143998456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Myopia Progression Study Comparing Low-Dose (0.01%) Atropine Eye Drops with a Control Group.","authors":"Hortensia Sanchez-Tocino, Ana Villanueva Gomez, Rebeca Saldaña Burgos, Magda Massae Hata Viveiros, Alicia Galindo-Ferreiro","doi":"10.1089/jop.2024.0202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/jop.2024.0202","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Purpose:</i></b> To evaluate myopia progression in children treated with 0.01% atropine eye drops compared with controls. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Two longitudinal cohorts of myopic children (atropine and control) were observed in different time periods. All children had an increase in myopia of greater than -0.50 diopters (D) or axial length (AL) growth of >0.20 mm in the previous year. Patients were examined at baseline and every 6 months for 18 months. The primary outcomes were the annual progression rate of spherical equivalent refractive error (SER) and AL. Response to treatment was categorized as insufficient, moderate, or good. Progression according to age was also evaluated. Statistical significance was defined as <i>P</i> < 0.05. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The study included 243 myopic children [127 (44.7%) female; mean age, 10.19 ± 2.29 years]. The atropine group comprised 158 (65%) children. At 18 months, the mean (95% confidence interval) change in SER was -0.85 D (-1.00, -0.69) in the control group and -0.73 D (-0.85, -0.61) in atropine (<i>p</i> = 0.295). The mean increase in AL was 0.41 mm (0.32, 0.50) in the control group and 0.33 mm (0.28, 0.39) in the atropine (<i>p</i> = 0.160). Children aged <9 years had the lowest percentage of success [3/21 (27.8%)] in the atropine group and the highest percentage of failure (63.2%) (<i>p</i> = 0.03). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Atropine drops at 0.01% did not slow myopia progression. Increasing the concentration or combining with optical treatments may be necessary, particularly for children aged <9 years, who showed the greatest progression but also had the highest potential for myopia control.</p>","PeriodicalId":16689,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144015313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodistribution of Reconstituted High-Density Lipoprotein Nanoparticles for Targeted Delivery to Retinal Ganglion Cells.","authors":"R Max Petty, Rajiv S Rangan, Stacy Curry, Calvin D Brooks, Nirupama Sabnis, Abbot F Clark, Andras G Lacko, Raghu R Krishnamoorthy","doi":"10.1089/jop.2024.0191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/jop.2024.0191","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Purpose:</i></b> Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems offer a promising approach for overcoming the challenges of ocular drug delivery. Our study evaluated the biodistribution and potential targeting of reconstituted high-density lipoprotein nanoparticles (rHDL NPs) loaded with near-infrared dye IR780 to retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and optic nerve head astrocytes (ONHAs) as a model for neuroprotective drug delivery in glaucoma. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A stable rHDL-payload complex was formulated using IR780, phosphatidylcholine, and apolipoprotein A-I (Apo A-I) by using a novel preparation method. Fluorescent rHDL (rHDL-IR780) was assessed for cellular uptake in primary human ONHAs <i>in vitro</i>, whereas scavenger receptor class B1 (SR-B1) expression was confirmed by Western blot. Receptor-mediated uptake was examined by SR-B1 receptor blocking. <i>Ex vivo</i> biodistribution was evaluated by intravitreal injection of rHDL into postmortem human donor eyes. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Spectroscopic analysis confirmed IR780 encapsulation in rHDL NPs. Blocking SR-B1 receptors significantly reduced IR780 uptake by ONHAs, supporting an SR-B1-mediated delivery mechanism, in addition to confirming SR-B1 expression in human retinal lysates. In <i>ex vivo</i> experiments, 4 h postinjection, IR780 localized in the retinal nerve fiber and ganglion cell layers. By 24 h, IR780 penetrated deeper retinal layers, achieving RGC uptake. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Our findings demonstrate that rHDL NPs facilitate targeted delivery to retinal tissues through an Apo A-I/SR-B1 pathway, overcoming ocular barriers to reach RGCs. This study supports the potential of rHDL NPs as a platform for neuroprotective drug delivery to treat glaucoma, enhancing both pharmacokinetics and targeted cellular uptake.</p>","PeriodicalId":16689,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144029106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topical Losartan in the Management of Corneal Scarring Fibrosis: Update on Dosage, Efficacy, and Potential Epithelial Toxicity.","authors":"Barbara A L Dutra, Steven E Wilson","doi":"10.1089/jop.2024.0200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/jop.2024.0200","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Losartan is an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) that also inhibits transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta signaling by blocking the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in the noncanonical TGF-beta signaling pathway. Rabbit studies demonstrated the efficacy of topical losartan in reducing fibrotic scarring following a variety of corneal injuries, such as descemetorhexis, alkali burns, and photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). Several human case reports have subsequently shown the efficacy of topical losartan in treating scarring fibrosis resulting from surgical complications and infections. Since rabbit studies have also found concentration-dependent corneal epithelial toxicity associated with topical losartan, a lower concentration of 0.2 mg/mL administered 6 times daily is recommended in corneas with epithelial defects until epithelial closure is achieved before using standard 0.8 mg/mL losartan 6 times a day for the duration of treatment. For eyes with intact epithelium, a dose of 0.8 mg/mL 6 times daily is recommended throughout the treatment period. Doses of topical losartan above 0.8 mg/mL should be avoided due to dosage-related increases in persistent epithelial defects. Clinical studies are needed to further assess questions such as which corneal fibrotic disorders are most likely to respond to topical losartan treatment and whether a lower frequency of application leads to greater treatment failure.</p>","PeriodicalId":16689,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144004729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}