{"title":"Steroid-Induced Ocular Hypertension in Children: A Review on Risk Factors.","authors":"Sebastian Lacau, Alejandro Marin, Elena Bitrian","doi":"10.1089/jop.2025.0024","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Steroid-induced ocular hypertension is poorly understood in children, despite its frequent occurrence. Significant knowledge voids exist in steroid responsiveness, especially in the pediatric population. Therefore, highlighting the most critical risk factors in pediatric patients can help ophthalmologists identify who is at increased risk of developing a high steroid response.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A manual search was conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar in search of relevant articles on the steroid-induced glaucoma subtopic.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Key risk factors for high steroid response include glaucoma family history, previous glaucoma diagnosis, young age, steroid type, administration route, and diseases such as vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) and uveitis. Clinically, it presents similarly to primary glaucoma, except for steroid usage history. Steroid cessation or reduction can normalize intraocular pressure (IOP) levels; however, in some cases, pressure-lowering drugs are necessary for treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Topical ocular steroids are frequently used by pediatricians and ophthalmologists alike. Understanding the importance of risk factors allows for a timely diagnosis of steroid response and adequate treatment before glaucomatous vision loss can occur.</p>","PeriodicalId":16689,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9000,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1089/jop.2025.0024","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"OPHTHALMOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Purpose: Steroid-induced ocular hypertension is poorly understood in children, despite its frequent occurrence. Significant knowledge voids exist in steroid responsiveness, especially in the pediatric population. Therefore, highlighting the most critical risk factors in pediatric patients can help ophthalmologists identify who is at increased risk of developing a high steroid response.
Methods: A manual search was conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar in search of relevant articles on the steroid-induced glaucoma subtopic.
Results: Key risk factors for high steroid response include glaucoma family history, previous glaucoma diagnosis, young age, steroid type, administration route, and diseases such as vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) and uveitis. Clinically, it presents similarly to primary glaucoma, except for steroid usage history. Steroid cessation or reduction can normalize intraocular pressure (IOP) levels; however, in some cases, pressure-lowering drugs are necessary for treatment.
Conclusion: Topical ocular steroids are frequently used by pediatricians and ophthalmologists alike. Understanding the importance of risk factors allows for a timely diagnosis of steroid response and adequate treatment before glaucomatous vision loss can occur.
期刊介绍:
Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics is the only peer-reviewed journal that combines the fields of ophthalmology and pharmacology to enable optimal treatment and prevention of ocular diseases and disorders. The Journal delivers the latest discoveries in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of therapeutics for the treatment of ophthalmic disorders.
Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics coverage includes:
Glaucoma
Cataracts
Retinal degeneration
Ocular infection, trauma, and toxicology
Ocular drug delivery and biotransformation
Ocular pharmacotherapy/clinical trials
Ocular inflammatory and immune disorders
Gene and cell-based therapies
Ocular metabolic disorders
Ocular ischemia and blood flow
Proliferative disorders of the eye
Eyes on Drug Discovery - written by Gary D. Novack, PhD, featuring the latest updates on drug and device pipeline developments as well as policy/regulatory changes by the FDA.