Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis最新文献

{"title":"Analysis of gut microbiota and intestinal secondary bile acids metabolism in rats after short-term antibiotic treatment","authors":"Zhuan Yang ,&nbsp;Xiaoping Zhang ,&nbsp;Bo Lv ,&nbsp;Yunli Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.jpba.2026.117365","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpba.2026.117365","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antibiotics have a profound impact on the overall taxonomic composition of gut microbiota. As gut microbiota influence host bile acids metabolism, changes in the composition of gut microbiota induced by antibiotics are certain to alter host bile acids profile. However, the differences in the effects of various antibiotics on bile acids metabolism and their associations with the impact on intestinal microbiota remain unelucidated. Here, investigation was conducted into how different antibiotics impact host intestinal bile acids metabolism via gut microbiota using in vivo study and multi-omics approaches. Four antibiotics (cefixime, clarithromycin, moxifloxacin and metronidazole) were used to treat normal rats for a short period (3 days), and then gut microbiota, intestinal bile acids profile, BSH and 7α-dehydroxylases activity mediated bile acid metabolism were measured. The results showed that bile acid metabolism in intestine was significantly altered along with the abundance change in bile acid-producing microbiota. It was found that moxifloxacin and metronidazole inhibited the transformation of primary BAs to secondary BAs in the intestine as compared to cefixime and clarithromycin, which was exposed to be associated with its regulation of <em>Ruminococcaceae</em> by Spearman’s correlation analysis (correlation with CDCA/LCA is r = -0.89, FDR&lt;0.001 and CA/DCA is r = -0.708, FDR&lt;0.01). The abundance of <em>Ruminococcaceae</em> in the gut decreased by 87 % after moxifloxacin intervention, while metronidazole completely suppressed the abundance of intestinal <em>Ruminococcaceae</em>. Further analysis revealed that <em>Ruminococcaceae</em> were most strongly associated with the activity of 7α-dehydroxylases (r = 0.701, FDR&lt;0.001). Specifically, we found that <em>Ruminococcus flavefaciens</em> had the closest association with alterations in secondary bile acids (r &lt; -0.68, FDR&lt;0.01). Collectively, our research demonstrated that different antibiotics exerted varying impacts on the production of intestinal secondary bile acids, which was related to their differential effects on the gut microbiota. This work provides novel insights into the interplay between antibiotics and microbial metabolites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16685,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 117365"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146078999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of leprosy reactions using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy supervised by clinical evaluation","authors":"Paulo Cezar de Moraes ,&nbsp;Alessandra Koehler ,&nbsp;Letícia Maria Eidt ,&nbsp;Cristiane Almeida Soares Cattani ,&nbsp;Valeriano Antonio Corbellini ,&nbsp;Maria Lúcia Scroferneker","doi":"10.1016/j.jpba.2026.117354","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpba.2026.117354","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Leprosy is a chronic granulomatous, infectious and disabling disease, whose etiological agents are <em>Mycobacterium leprae</em> and <em>M. lepromatosis</em>. Leprosy reactions are the main causes of peripheral nerve damage and sequelae of the disease. There is no laboratory test that alone allows the identification of these episodes, causing delays in their diagnosis and treatment. The objective of this study was to propose a methodology based on Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to detect leprosy reactions in the saliva of leprosy patients, supervised by the clinical diagnosis of these episodes. A total of 131 saliva samples were included and analyzed by attenuated total reflection (ATR)-FTIR; a supervised analysis with partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), after orthogonal signal correction (OSC), was used to classify the samples into two groups: with and without leprosy reactions. The PLS-DA model with one latent variable and one OSC component showed 100 % sensitivity and specificity both in the calibration and prediction sets. Thus, all samples were correctly classified, allowing the diagnosis of leprosy reactions in saliva with high accuracy. Therefore, the FTIR-based chemometric model proved promising for the rapid and early identification of these episodes, contributing to clinical management of patients with leprosy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16685,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 117354"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145981050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling excretion behavior of polyethylene glycol 1000 with 13–26 subunits in rats by UHPLC-MS/MS","authors":"Xiaoyan Zhang ,&nbsp;Shuang Feng ,&nbsp;Ziluo Zhang ,&nbsp;Chuya Wang ,&nbsp;Yongshan Ai ,&nbsp;Yalin Xi ,&nbsp;Lei Yin ,&nbsp;Meiyun Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.jpba.2026.117353","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpba.2026.117353","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study established a robust and selective ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method to investigate the excretion behavior of polyethylene glycol 1000 (PEG1K) oligomers (N = 13–26) in rats. PEG is widely used in pharmaceutical applications, particularly in drug delivery systems, yet detailed excretion profiles of lower molecular weight PEGs remain insufficiently characterized. The developed method utilized ammonium adducts ([M+NH₄]⁺) as precursor ions in multiple reaction monitoring mode, enabling sensitive and high-throughput quantification of individual oligomers in biological matrices. Following intravenous administration in rats, excretion kinetics were monitored over 48 h. Cumulative recovery analysis revealed that renal excretion was the dominant elimination pathway, accounting for 47.30–68.52 % of the administered dose in urine, while fecal excretion represented only 0.66–3.38 %. These findings provide critical insights into the in vivo disposition of PEG1K, supporting its safety evaluation and rational application in drug formulation. The presented analytical platform offers a reliable tool for polymer pharmacokinetic studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16685,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 117353"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145980444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elucidating the therapeutic mechanisms of Erzhi Pills against adenine-induced chronic kidney disease: A multi-omics study","authors":"Zepeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Yujie Dai ,&nbsp;Dandan Xu ,&nbsp;Lei Zhang ,&nbsp;Xirong Lu ,&nbsp;Tongtong Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.jpba.2026.117374","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpba.2026.117374","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Erzhi Pill (EZP), a classic traditional Chinese medicine formula, shows promise in ameliorating chronic kidney disease (CKD), yet its comprehensive mechanisms remain elusive. This study aimed to systematically decipher the therapeutic effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of EZP against CKD by employing an integrated multi-omics approach combined with experimental validation. In an adenine-induced CKD rat model, EZP significantly alleviated renal dysfunction, pathological injury, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Integrated analysis of serum metabolomics, renal lipidomics, and renal transcriptomics revealed that the renoprotective effects of EZP were primarily associated with the modulation of arachidonic acid metabolism, PPAR signaling pathway, and sphingolipid signaling pathway. Experimental validation demonstrated that EZP exerted anti-inflammatory effects by bidirectionally regulating the arachidonic acid metabolic network—downregulating pro-inflammatory enzymes (COX-2, LOX) while upregulating the anti-inflammatory enzyme CYP2J2. Furthermore, EZP mitigated oxidative stress and lipotoxicity by activating the PPARα/CPT1A pathway and upregulating HO-1 expression. Finally, EZP suppressed renal fibrosis by inhibiting the SPHK1/S1PR1 signaling axis and reversing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Collectively, our findings illustrate that EZP ameliorates CKD progression through multi-target mechanisms involving coordinated anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-fibrotic activities. This study not only provides a scientific basis for the clinical application of EZP but also showcases the power of integrated omics strategies in elucidating the complex mechanisms of traditional medicines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16685,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 117374"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the stability profile of therapeutic α-MSH analogue: Insights from liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry analysis of afamelanotide","authors":"Ashwini Chawathe ,&nbsp;Nitish Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.jpba.2026.117362","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpba.2026.117362","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Afamelanotide, also known as melanotan-1, is a synthetic 13-amino acid peptidomimetic of α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH), and is a critical peptide orphan drug used for the management of erythropoietic protoporphyria. It contains norleucine and <span>D</span>-phenylalanine at positions 4 and 7, in place of methionine and <span>L</span>-phenylalanine, respectively as found in endogenous peptide. Therapeutic peptide stability profiling is crucial in drug development because chemical and physical degradation during storage alters structural properties, potentially reducing efficacy and compromising safety by preventing target engagement. Stability testing for synthetic peptides is performed by following the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines Q1A(R2) and Q5C. The current work endeavours to explore afamelanotide’s degradation pathways under various chemical and physical stress conditions: acidic, basic, neutral, and oxidative stress, UV light exposure, and increased temperature at 60⁰C. The study demonstrated that afamelanotide undergoes degradation under all applied stress conditions with the generation of fourteen different degradation products (DPs) which were separated by gradient reversed-phase HPLC on a Zorbax SB C18 column (300 Å, 4.6*150 mm, 3.5 µm) and the method was validated according to the ICH Q2(R1) guideline. To enable comprehensive characterization, the analysis was coupled with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS/MS), where collision-induced dissociation yielded abundant and accurate fragmentation patterns, enabling the detailed structural elucidation of the products. While this work has identified several degradation pathways such as truncation, methylation, deacetylation, and oxidation, it also establishes complete stability profile of α-MSH analogue, thus offering key insights for the rational design of robust drug formulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16685,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 117362"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145981052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The discovery of pharmacodynamic material basis and mechanism of Shuganning injection in treating damp-heat jaundice syndrome: Combining metabolomics and serum pharmacochemistry","authors":"Yanmei He ,&nbsp;Xiao Lin ,&nbsp;Wanwan Zhong ,&nbsp;Xingyan Liu ,&nbsp;Xiuyan Yang ,&nbsp;Youlian Yao ,&nbsp;Meimei Li ,&nbsp;Jianyong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jpba.2026.117380","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpba.2026.117380","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Shuganning injection (SGNI) is derived from Yinchenhao decoction and has the functions of promoting diuresis, reducing jaundice and protecting the liver. It is primarily utilized in the treatment of liver diseases, particularly damp-heat jaundice. However, the pharmacodynamic material basis and specific mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, this study aims to elucidate the pharmacodynamic material basis and mechanism of SGNI in the treatment of damp-heat jaundice syndrome (DHJS). High-throughput metabolomics was employed to identify biomarkers associated with DHJS. The migratory prototype components and metabolites present in the blood of SGNI were characterized through serum pharmacochemistry. Correlation analysis was conducted to associate the biomarkers of DHJS with the migrating components in the blood of SGNI, clarifying the pharmacodynamic basis of SGNI in treating DHJS. Furthermore, metabolic pathway enrichment analysis was performed to explore the endogenous core metabolites and key metabolic pathways, providing insights into the mechanism of SGNI in treating DHJS from the metabolic perspective. Finally, a total of 25 metabolites were identified as biomarkers for DHJS, along with 24 prototype migratory components and 38 migratory metabolites of SGNI. It was established that the pharmacodynamic substance basis of SGNI in the treatment of DHJS comprises 15 components. These components primarily exert their effects through key metabolic pathways, including pentose and glucuronate interconversions, arachidonic acid metabolism, and primary bile acid biosynthesis. In conclusion, SGNI demonstrates a significant therapeutic effect on DHJS. It has preliminarily elucidated the pharmacodynamic substance basis and mechanism of action at the metabolic level, offering a scientific foundation for the clinical application and further development of SGNI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16685,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 117380"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146079092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of fifteen compounds in rat plasma by UHPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS for pharmacokinetic study after oral administration of Euonymi herba extract","authors":"Fanjiao Zuo ,&nbsp;Peng Zhao ,&nbsp;Xueyu Liu,&nbsp;Huining Geng,&nbsp;Lu Chen,&nbsp;Jinyue Ma,&nbsp;Yameng Zhu,&nbsp;Zhenguo Lv,&nbsp;Ye Shang,&nbsp;Huizi Ouyang,&nbsp;Jun He","doi":"10.1016/j.jpba.2026.117358","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpba.2026.117358","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Euonymi herba</em> (EH) was one of the traditional characteristic national medicines of Guangxi, which had various pharmacological activities such as hemostasis, anti-myocardial hypoxia, and anti-aging. This study established a reliable ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole linear ion trap tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous quantification of multiple components in rat plasma following oral administration of EH extract. The method demonstrated satisfactory specificity, excellent linearity (r ≥ 0.9938), acceptable precision (RSD ≤ 10.34 %), accuracy (ranging from −9.73–9.00 %), recovery (between 65.95 % and 111.75 %), matrix effect (between 60.49 % and 116.11 %) and stability (RSD ≤ 8.36 %), with all key parameters meeting acceptance criteria for bioanalytical method validation. The pharmacokinetic study yielded the profiles and parameters for ten components, revealing dulcitol as the compound with the highest exposure and fastest absorption. This work provides critical data for elucidating the pharmacologically active constituents of EH.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16685,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 117358"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145980442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated metabolomic and proteomic analysis of cardiac tissues in a murine model of Kawasaki disease","authors":"Panpan Liu ,&nbsp;Yiyi Shen ,&nbsp;Mingyang Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhiyuan Liu ,&nbsp;Shuhui Wang ,&nbsp;Zhiheng Liu ,&nbsp;Nana Wang ,&nbsp;Jiaying Zhang ,&nbsp;Jing Li ,&nbsp;Guanghui Qian ,&nbsp;Chengyao Ma ,&nbsp;Haitao Lv ,&nbsp;Ying Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jpba.2026.117364","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpba.2026.117364","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute systemic vasculitis in children that can result in severe cardiac complications. This study utilized an integrated proteomic and metabolomic approach to explore molecular dynamics in cardiac tissue from a Candida albicans cell wall extract (CAWS)-induced KD mouse model. Echocardiography demonstrated significant left ventricular dysfunction in the CAWS group, as evidenced by reduced ejection fraction and fractional shortening, alongside histopathological signs of inflammatory cell infiltration. Multi-omics analysis revealed 206 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) and 155 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) compared to PBS controls. Bioinformatics analysis highlighted substantial disturbances in glycerophospholipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, fatty acid synthesis, and cofactor biosynthesis pathways, with concurrent upregulation of immune- and inflammation-related proteins. Integrated analysis revealed co-enrichment in cofactor biosynthesis, amino acid metabolism, and purine metabolism pathways, and a regulatory network of key molecules was established. These findings suggest that KD-induced cardiac injury involves significant metabolic reprogramming and immune-inflammatory activation, offering new insights into the pathogenesis and providing a theoretical basis for the development of biomarkers and therapeutic targets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16685,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 117364"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biopharmaceutical assessment of naloxone permeation through human respiratory epithelial tissues: A chromatographic-mass spectrometric approach with cloud based aerosol dosing and delivery","authors":"Tasmin Ara Sultana ,&nbsp;Diaa Shakleya ,&nbsp;Dustin G. Brown ,&nbsp;Patrick J. Faustino ,&nbsp;Muhammad Ashraf ,&nbsp;Ahmed Zidan","doi":"10.1016/j.jpba.2026.117366","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpba.2026.117366","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding naloxone permeation is important for optimizing nasal delivery and supporting comparative assessment of nasal drug products. In this study, a stability-indicating LC–MS/MS method was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of naloxone and its related impurities, naloxone N-oxide and noroxymorphone, in in vitro permeation test receptor media. The validated method was applied to characterize naloxone permeation following cloud-based aerosol dosing across a synthetic Nuclepore Track-Etched membrane and a differentiated human EpiAirway™ mucociliary tissue model under finite-dose conditions. The analytical procedure demonstrated linearity over 0.25–20.0 ng/mL in Dulbecco’s Phosphate-Buffered Saline and Krebs–Ringer Bicarbonate Buffer, with acceptable accuracy and precision. No degradation products or additional impurities were detected in permeation samples, confirming the stability-indicating capability of the method. Naloxone exhibited rapid early-time permeation across the synthetic membrane, whereas transport across the epithelial tissue model was attenuated and plateaued, reflecting physiological barrier function. Integration of cloud-based aerosol delivery with a validated LC–MS/MS platform enables mechanistic evaluation of nasal naloxone permeation and provides a supportive in vitro framework for formulation characterization and comparative assessments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16685,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 117366"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The mechanism of acetyl-L-carnitine on colorectal cancer and its metabolomic study","authors":"Jiayu Ning ,&nbsp;Cuixin Cai ,&nbsp;Xingxing Fan,&nbsp;Cuihua Liao,&nbsp;Mei Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.jpba.2026.117363","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpba.2026.117363","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a prevalent malignancy worldwide, with increasing incidence and mortality rates. Acetyl-<span>L</span>-carnitine (ALC), a natural form of <span>L</span>-carnitine, possesses anti-inflammatory, free radical-scavenging, and mitochondrial membrane-stabilizing properties. However, its precise mechanism of action in CRC remains unclear. To articulate the mechanism of action of ALC in CRC, we investigated its biological activity in HCT116 cells and a nude mouse xenograft model. The effects of ALC on HCT116 cells using CCK-8, colony formation, migration, invasion, and cell cycle assays. And detected oxidative stress-related indexes including reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The inhibitory effect of ALC on colorectal tumor growth was further validated in a nude mouse xenograft model, and untargeted metabolomic analysis was performed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The results showed that ALC can inhibit the proliferation and migration of HCT116 cells, induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and affect the changes of oxidative stress indexes, and exacerbating cellular oxidative stress damage. In vivo experiments demonstrated that ALC effectively suppressed colorectal tumor growth in a dose-dependent manner. Plasma metabolomic analysis identified 10 differential metabolites between the ALC group and the control group, including meisoindigo, indole-3-acetaldehyde, etc., and 4 tumor differential metabolites, including <span>L</span>-proline, 3,4,5-Trimethoxytoluene, etc. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that ALC altered 6 metabolic pathways in plasma, including tryptophan metabolism and glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, and 5 pathways in tumor tissue, including arginine and proline metabolism and the sphingolipid signaling pathway. These findings provide novel theoretical evidence for the antitumor mechanisms of ALC in CRC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16685,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 117363"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146079093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}