Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis最新文献

{"title":"Iceberg pharmacokinetic strategy for simultaneous evaluation of five flavonoids from Viticis fructus extract in rats using UHPLC–ESI–MS/MS","authors":"Chujun Tao ,&nbsp;Wenjing Ren ,&nbsp;Yongsong Zhai ,&nbsp;Feng Qiu","doi":"10.1016/j.jpba.2025.116898","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpba.2025.116898","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Viticis fructus (VF) is the dry and ripe fruit of <em>Vitex trifolia</em> L. var. <em>simplicifolia</em> Cham or Vitex <em>trifolia</em> L., which contains several flavonoids exhibiting promising pharmacological effects. However, the pharmacokinetic behaviors of these flavonoids and their metabolites remain unclear. This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the pharmacokinetics of five flavonoids from VF in rats using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–ESI–MS/MS) and the Iceberg pharmacokinetic strategy. After gavage administration of VF extract to rats, only small amounts of free vitexicarpin, chrysosplenol D and luteolin were detected in rat plasma, while the contents of free quercetin and kaempferol were both lower than their corresponding lower limits of quantification. In contrast, enzymatic hydrolysis with β-glucosidase revealed significant amounts of quercetin, kaempferol, vitexicarpin, chrysosplenol D, and luteolin. The maximum plasma concentration (C_max) and the area under the curve from time zero to the last measurable concentration (AUC_0–t) values of total vitexicarpin, chrysosplenol D and luteolin after enzymatic hydrolysis were all significantly higher than those free values before enzymatic hydrolysis, respectively (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). These findings indicate that most flavonoids from VF primarily exist as phase II metabolites in rat plasma, which can prolong their residence time in the body through intestinal hepatic circulation and other pathways. These phase II metabolites with higher concentrations may be an essential material basis for their pharmacological effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16685,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 116898"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cu@ZIF-8 coupled to UPLC-UV for rapid and sensitive analysis of emodin and rhein in urine samples","authors":"Xuemei Wei ,&nbsp;Renyan Liu ,&nbsp;Lingyi Xin ,&nbsp;Yu Zhang ,&nbsp;Yang Yang ,&nbsp;Yun Li ,&nbsp;Baodong Feng ,&nbsp;Linqi Su ,&nbsp;Qinhua Chen ,&nbsp;Jun Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.jpba.2025.116903","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpba.2025.116903","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presented the development of a novel adsorbent system through the synthesis of cationic surfactant-modified Cu-doped ZIF-8 (Cu@ZIF-8), leveraging the synergistic advantages of bimetallic-enhanced surface area and surfactant-mediated stability. Among various surfactants evaluated, dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB)-functionalized Cu@ZIF-8 exhibited superior adsorption performance toward emodin and rhein, driven by combined π-π interactions and hydrogen bonding. This optimized adsorbent facilitated the development of an innovative analytical method integrating Cu@ZIF-8-based extraction with UPLC-UV for the trace-level quantification of target analytes in complex biological matrices. Comprehensive optimization of critical extraction and desorption parameters yielded a robust analytical protocol with excellent linearity (0.05–5.00 μg/mL; R² = 0.9993 and 0.9980), sensitive detection limits (0.01 μg/mL), and satisfactory recovery (92.73–108.86 %). The validated method successfully characterized the urinary pharmacokinetic profiles of emodin and rhein following rhubarb extract administration in rats. Compared to conventional protein precipitation approaches, this approach offers significant advantages in simplicity, analysis speed and environmental compatibility. These findings position surfactant-engineered Cu@ZIF-8 as a promising platform for bioanalytical applications, particularly in the quantification of anthraquinone derivatives in biological specimens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16685,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 116903"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143828633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UPLC-Q-TOF/MS-based study on chemical composition, in vivo metabolites, and tissue distribution of ethanol extract of Ganoderma lucidum","authors":"Xiaojian Lin ,&nbsp;Dongjie Chen ,&nbsp;Shengjia Chen ,&nbsp;He Peng ,&nbsp;Qi Cheng ,&nbsp;Jiajun Chen ,&nbsp;Chunsheng Xu ,&nbsp;Haitao Pan ,&nbsp;Zhenhao Li ,&nbsp;Xingya Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jpba.2025.116886","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpba.2025.116886","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Ganoderma lucidum</em> (<em>G. lucidum</em>), a medicinal fungus, exhibits diverse pharmacological effects against many diseases. Studies have shown that the ethanol extract of <em>G. lucidum</em> (GLEE), which is rich in triterpenoids, possesses significant anti-carcinogenic effects. Early research focused solely on the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of individual triterpenoids in normal rodents. However, no research has examined the distribution of prototype compounds and metabolites of GLEE in multiple tissues, plasma, or tumor tissue. In this study, ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS), combined with the Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) platform and UNIFI software, was employed to identify and quantify the chemical composition of GLEE. A total of 105 compounds were identified, including 100 triterpenoids and 5 fatty acids, with 18 high-content monomers quantitatively analyzed. Following six weeks of GLEE administration in tumor-bearing nude mice, 42 prototype compounds and 24 metabolites were identified across plasma, tumors, and eight tissues, including small intestine, stomach, liver, heart, lung, kidney, spleen, and colon. Notably, ganoderic acids A, B, C1, F, and H were the most widely distributed compounds across these tissues. The metabolism of GLEE involves both phase I and phase II reactions. This study is the first to provide a comprehensive profile of GLEE’s chemical composition, distribution, and metabolism, revealing the potential active triterpenoids responsible for its anti-cancer effects. Our findings provide a foundation for future studies focused on the pharmacological mechanisms of these compounds, offering new insights into the therapeutic potential of <em>G. lucidum</em> in cancer treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16685,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 116886"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143883071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality evaluation of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium by supercritical fluid chromatography with chemical pattern recognition","authors":"Junran Mao ,&nbsp;Hongyan Ma ,&nbsp;Jinsong Zhou ,&nbsp;Lin Chen ,&nbsp;Xinxin Chen ,&nbsp;Jincai Wang ,&nbsp;Zhengjin Jiang ,&nbsp;Tingting Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jpba.2025.116902","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpba.2025.116902","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An efficient and rapid supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) method was established for the analysis of flavonoids in <em>Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium</em> (CRP), the best conditions were obtained by optimizing the parameters of the SFC method. The peak area obtained by SFC analysis of CRP samples, combined with chemical pattern recognition, was used to establish a model to evaluate the quality of Guang Chenpi (GCP) and Chenpi (CP) in CRP. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) proved to be an excellent method that can accurately distinguish GCP from CP. The PLS-DA model was established by selecting the training set, and the characteristic components (Didymin and Hesperidin) were screened out to further establish the model, and the testing sets were brought into the model for verification, indicating that the model established based on the peak areas is reliable, and two quality markers (Narirutin and Neohesperidin) were found to distinguish between Xinhui and Non-Xinhui in GCP based on the content determination. In conclusion, the combination of SFC and chemical pattern recognition for the quality evaluation of CRP has great potential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16685,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 116902"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143828635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the mechanism of Bruceine D against cervical cancer by network pharmacology and the effect of Bruceine D on the EGFR pathway","authors":"Ju-fan Zhu ,&nbsp;Yuan-qiu Wang ,&nbsp;Si-meng Yang ,&nbsp;Yu-li Wang ,&nbsp;Yan Hu ,&nbsp;Xin-yue Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.jpba.2025.116887","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpba.2025.116887","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cervical cancer (CC) remains a formidable challenge in oncology due to its high incidence and mortality rates. Despite recent advances in treatment, an immediate necessity exists for innovating advanced pharmacological interventions boasting augmented effectiveness. Bruceine D (BD), a quassinoid derived from the traditional Chinese medicinal plant Brucea javanica, has been demonstrated to possess notable anticancer properties against a range of malignant conditions, including lung, liver, leukemia, and pancreatic cancers. However, its specific effects on CC have not been thoroughly explored. This study sought to decode the effects of BD on CC through a combined method involving molecular docking analysis, network pharmacology, and data mining. From the PharmMapper database, we identified 58 potential targets of BD, and through GeneCards, we pinpointed 14 intersecting targets relevant to CC. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network highlighted pivotal targets such as ESR1, HSP90AA1, ANXA5, EGFR, CASP7, and CCNA2. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses underscored significant biological processes and pathways, notably the EGFR signaling pathway. Molecular docking analysis revealed a strong binding affinity of BD to EGFR. Cell-based assays demonstrated that BD potently curtailed the viability, colony formation, adhesion, and mobility of Hela and Caski cells, escalating apoptosis in a dose-proportional manner. Supplementary evidence via western blot evaluations underscored BD’s capability to obstruct the EGFR signaling pathway. These findings suggest that BD exerts potent anticancer effects against CC through multiple mechanisms, positioning it as a promising therapeutic agent for further investigation and clinical validation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16685,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 116887"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143833866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of nanopore long-read sequencing and metabolomics in an in vitro dynamic intestinal digestion model: A genome-centric metatranscriptomic approach to investigating microbial TMA and SCFA metabolism","authors":"Carolina Simó,&nbsp;Maricruz Mamani-Huanca,&nbsp;Oswaldo Hernández-Hernández,&nbsp;Álvaro Redondo-Río ,&nbsp;Sergio Muñoz,&nbsp;Virginia García-Cañas","doi":"10.1016/j.jpba.2025.116896","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpba.2025.116896","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The gut microbiota plays a relevant role in human health by metabolizing dietary components into bioactive molecules, including short-chain fatty acids and trimethylamine. Understanding how dietary interventions modulate microbial metabolism is key to developing strategies for reducing harmful metabolites such as TMA, a precursor of the pro-atherogenic trimethylamine-<em>N</em>-oxide. In this study, we integrated a dynamic <em>in vitro</em> gastrointestinal model (simgi®) with nanopore sequencing technology and metabolomics to investigate the impact of red thyme extract on microbial trimethylamine metabolism from L-carnitine. Metabarcoding, metagenomic, and metatranscriptomic analyses were performed alongside targeted metabolite quantification. Our results showed that microbial trimethylamine production primarily occurred in the transverse and descending colon compartments, coinciding with increased transcriptional activity of taxa harboring <em>gbu</em> cluster, associated with trimethylamine production. The administration of red thyme extract transiently reduced L-carnitine utilization but had a limited effect on overall trimethylamine levels. In parallel, short-chain fatty acids analysis revealed a shift in microbial fermentation patterns, with <em>Acidaminococcus</em> emerging as a dominant butyrate producer. Carbohydrate-active enzyme profiling identified <em>Bacteroides</em> and <em>Parabacteroides</em> genera as key mucin utilizers under the simulation conditions. These findings highlight the metabolic plasticity of the gut microbiota in response to the presence of L-carnitine and reduced complex carbohydrates availability, and provide new insights into microbial functional responses to dietary interventions targeting trimethylamine metabolism. Additionally, this study represents the first integration of nanopore-based metagenomics and genome-centric metatranscriptomics with targeted metabolomics in a dynamic <em>in vitro</em> gastrointestinal model. This multi-omics approach enabled a detailed reconstruction of the microbial metabolic network involved in L-carnitine utilization and trimethylamine formation, offering a powerful tool for mechanistic studies of gut microbiota–diet interactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16685,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 116896"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing pharmaceutical tablet analysis with laser direct infrared (LDIR) imaging","authors":"Yeakub Zaker,&nbsp;Huzeyfe Yilmaz,&nbsp;Timothy R. Lex,&nbsp;Changning Guo,&nbsp;Jason D. Rodriguez,&nbsp;Daniel R. Willett","doi":"10.1016/j.jpba.2025.116897","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpba.2025.116897","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Laser direct infrared spectroscopy (LDIR) imaging is an emerging vibrational spectroscopic technique that enables rapid surface imaging by using reflectance spectra to capture critical physicochemical properties, such as chemical identity, particle size, shape, and distribution of components, within minutes or even seconds. Despite its advantages, LDIR imaging technology is still in its developmental stages, particularly in understanding method parameters such as the selection of wavenumber for peak and baseline points and the appropriate step size (pixels) for pharmaceutical analysis. In this study, in-house prepared and commercially available tablets were analyzed using LDIR imaging to assess the effects of method development options, particularly the relationship between step size and data acquisition time. Hyperspectral reflectance mode LDIR images were also collected and compared with those obtained from Raman microscopy to validate the accuracy of the LDIR images. The findings emphasize the need for careful wavenumber selection during method development. LDIR images for the evaluated tablets showed good agreement with Raman mapping and hyperspectral mode data sets, although the mean Feret diameter of particles was consistently smaller (14–40 % for active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in the tested tablets) in the LDIR images. Overall, LDIR demonstrates strong potential as a valuable spectroscopic imaging technology for pharmaceutical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16685,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 116897"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143828630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of chemical constituents in different parts of Ribes diacanthum pall using molecular network assistance and their bioactive properties","authors":"Yuanjiang Shen ,&nbsp;Alamusi Bayoude ,&nbsp;Jiaxin Zhang ,&nbsp;Lijian Liang ,&nbsp;Akhtolkhyn Tilyek ,&nbsp;Chengzhi Chai","doi":"10.1016/j.jpba.2025.116901","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpba.2025.116901","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Ribes diacanthum</em> Pall (RDP) is a medicinal and edible plant recognized for its diverse bioactive constituents and has been widely utilized in Mongolian folk medicine for the treatment of various ailments. Decoctions and hydroethanolic extracts prepared from the aerial parts of RDP, including the fruits, stems, and leaves, have been employed in disease management. However, a comprehensive comparative analysis of the chemical profiles and bioactive properties of the fruits, stems, and leaves remains to be conducted. To bridge this gap, we conducted a detailed investigation into the chemical diversity and bioactive properties of the fruits, stems, and leaves of RDP. The phytochemical composition of the extracts was analyzed using HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS, and the <em>in vitro</em> bioactivities, including antioxidant, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective activities, were evaluated. A total of 55 compounds were identified across the various parts of RDP, with 28 detected in the fruits, 16 in the stems, and 33 in the leaves; notably, 5 compounds were common to all plant parts. Specifically, RDP fruits were characterized by unique amino acids (L-tyrosine and Abrine) as well as distinct flavonoids (Eriodictyol and Cyanidin-3-o-arabinose chloride) and phenylpropanoids (Ferulic acid and Caffeic acid methyl ester), whereas the stems contained unique fatty acid derivatives (9,10-Dihydroxy-8-oxooctadec-12-enoic acid), cyclic polyketides (Mycophenolic acid), and several tryptophan alkaloids (Paratunamide D). In contrast, the leaves were particularly rich in flavonoids (Kaempferol 3-O-rhamninoside and Kaempferol-7-O-neohesperidoside), phenolic acids (Gallic acid), and macrolides (Pyrenophorol). The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities followed this order of IC50 values: for DPPH, RDP leaves (0.1047 mg/ml) &gt; RDP stems (0.2173 mg/ml) &gt; ; for ABTS, RDP leaves (0.2362 mg/ml) &gt; RDP stems (0.5218 mg/ml) &gt; RDP fruits (1.182 mg/ml). AML-12 cell models induced with LPS or TCA/CDCA were employed to evaluate the cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory effect of the extracts and their potential hepatoprotective effects. The results indicated that the various parts of RDP exhibited significant anti-inflammatory effects against LPS-induced inflammation in AML-12 cells and alleviated TCA or CDCA-induced hepatotoxicity. Notably, RDP leaves demonstrated the most effective protective effect against TCA or CDCA-induced cytotoxicity, followed by the stems and fruits. In summary, these findings provide a scientific basis for the extensive application of phytochemicals and bioactive compounds derived from the fruits, stems, and leaves of RDP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16685,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 116901"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143828637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediatric formulations and challenges beyond technological development: Identification and in silico qualification of impurities in 5 mg primaquine tablets","authors":"Thamara Carvalho Mendes ,&nbsp;Maria Eduarda Correia Furtado ,&nbsp;Juliana Johansson Soares Medeiros ,&nbsp;Ivone de Jesus Nascimento Lopes ,&nbsp;Flávia Furtado Mendonça Sousa ,&nbsp;Diogo Dibo Nascimento ,&nbsp;Livia Deris Prado ,&nbsp;Camila Areias Oliveira","doi":"10.1016/j.jpba.2025.116861","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpba.2025.116861","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present paper outlines the crucial analytical procedure for registering primaquine 5 mg tablets for pediatric use. In order to meet regulatory guidelines, the impurities detected during the long-term stability study of the tablets were identified and qualified. A C18 column was used for stability indicating chromatographic separation. Chromatography was conducted using a binary mobile phase comprising TFA 0.05 % and ACN at a ratio of 78:22 v/v for mobile phase A, and ACN for mobile phase B, in <del>a</del> gradient mode, at a flow rate of 0.8 mL min-1 and the wavelength was monitored at 265 nm by DAD. The elution times for the degradation products that reached the identification limit at 24 months were 15.87 min and 19.46 min for DP-2 and DP-3 respectively. LC-HRMS analysis of DP-2 and DP-3 resulted in identifying a protonated molecule peak with <em>m/z</em> values of 517.32599 and 461.21567, respectively. Elemental compositions of DP-2 and DP-3 were C₃₀H₄₁O₂N₆ and C₂₆H₂₉N₄O₄, correspondingly. DP-2 safety was assessed via <em>in silico</em> analysis and qualified with a specification of 0.6 %. DP-3, although finding its full identity was not possible, it was assigned a conservative specification of 0.5 % for the drug product. Our research has emphasized the significance of analytical development in enabling the evaluation of drug product quality and safety in the submission dossier. These results underline the challenges of analytical development in drug product lifecycle.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16685,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 116861"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143844954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical analysis of phenolics and diterpene lactones in Andrographis paniculata plant samples and dietary supplements","authors":"Bharathi Avula ,&nbsp;Kumar Katragunta ,&nbsp;Kiran Kumar Tatapudi ,&nbsp;Yan-Hong Wang ,&nbsp;Zulfiqar Ali ,&nbsp;Amar G. Chittiboyina ,&nbsp;Ikhlas A. Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.jpba.2025.116866","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpba.2025.116866","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Andrographis paniculata,</em> a popular immune-boosting supplement, faces quality concerns due to potential adulteration and reliance on single-marker quality assurance. To address these, a comprehensive UHPLC-PDA and LC-QToF-MS method was developed and validated to quantify and identify three classes of compounds: phenolic acids, diterpenoid lactones (including their glycosides), and flavonoid glycosides. The method achieved LOD of 10<img>300 ng/mL and LOQ of 25<img>1000 ng/mL for fourteen reference standards. Analysis of plant samples revealed total phenolic acids (<strong>1–4</strong>; 0.3–13 mg/g), flavonoid glycosides (<strong>6</strong>, <strong>10</strong>, and <strong>11</strong>; 0.2–2 mg/g), diterpene lactones (<strong>7</strong>, <strong>13</strong>, and <strong>14</strong>; 1.4–31 mg/g), and diterpene lactone glycosides (<strong>5</strong>, <strong>8</strong>, <strong>9</strong>, and <strong>12</strong>; 0.6–17 mg/g). Furthermore, over 100 phytochemicals were tentatively identified based on characteristic mass spectral features in <em>A. paniculata</em>. Applying this comprehensive phytochemical profile to various supplement products revealed that over 25 % of commercial <em>A. paniculata</em> products failed to meet pharmacopeia standards. Detailed analysis demonstrated significant variations in the plant-part-specific distribution of diterpene lactone and its glycosides, as well as flavonoid glycosides. Some products exhibited elevated mean values for these three analyte groups, while others showed significantly lower values contributing to the observed failures. Moreover, the analytical data revealed a significant discrepancy in andrographolide (<strong>7</strong>) content, a standard quality assurance marker, between plant materials (0.4–23 mg/g) and dietary supplements (0–278 mg/serving size). Specifically, a 13 % andrographolide decrease and a corresponding increase in 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (<strong>14</strong>) in <em>A. paniculata</em> capsules suggest processing-induced dehydration, necessitating optimized production to maintain biologically active andrographolide content. These findings underscore the necessity for rigorous quality control and comprehensive analytical methods to ensure the quality assurance of <em>A. paniculata</em> supplements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16685,"journal":{"name":"Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 116866"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143847821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}