Journal of Ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"Clinical Ophthalmology Consultations in Paediatric Inpatient Rehabilitation-A Retrospective Case-Note Analysis.","authors":"Milena Geissbühler, Brigitte Simonsz-Toth, Andreas Meyer-Heim, Christina Gerth-Kahlert","doi":"10.1155/joph/8341531","DOIUrl":"10.1155/joph/8341531","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>One of the key factors for enhancing outcomes in neurorehabilitation of patients with congenital or acquired brain injury is optimal sensory function and identification of possible visual dysfunctions. Awareness of visual dysfunctions including cerebral visual impairment (CVI) is therefore of utmost importance in the rehabilitation process. The purpose was to investigate the frequency and nature of vision disorders in children admitted to a rehabilitation centre over a 5-year period.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a retrospective analysis of patients at the Swiss Children's Rehab who received an ophthalmological consultation between January 2019 and December 2024. Electronic chart review was performed in patients with consent for the study.</p><p><strong>Analysed data: </strong>Referral diagnoses leading to admission to the rehabilitation centre, corresponding ophthalmological findings, therapeutic interventions and demographics. The study was approved by the local ethics committee.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 229 consultations from 163 patients were reviewed. The two most common causes for admission were traumatic (41/163) and inflammatory (36/163) conditions. Congenital disease was present in 30 patients. Most of the children had an acquired disorder (133/163). Pathological ophthalmological findings were present in 101/163 (62%) children examined. The most common findings were reduced vision (26/163) followed by CVI (22/163) and refractive errors (20/163). Traumatic causes were most often associated with oculomotor disorders (10/41) or CVI (6/41). CVI was prevalent in 22% of the pathological findings in this study.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Ophthalmological assessment is recommended for all children with suspected visual dysfunction as part of the rehabilitation process.</p>","PeriodicalId":16674,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"8341531"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13311722/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148352116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathogenesis of Neovascular Glaucoma in Diabetic Retinopathy: A Review.","authors":"Xuan Wang, Siyan Liu, Qi Wu, Yuxin Lv, Shuangshuang Yi, Bowen Shi, Zhengzheng Wu, Jing Yan","doi":"10.1155/joph/6448312","DOIUrl":"10.1155/joph/6448312","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neovascular glaucoma (NVG) secondary to diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a severe complication driven by ischemia-induced angiogenesis. Current evidence indicates that the pathogenesis begins with retinal hypoxia caused by hyperglycemia-induced capillary occlusion, which stabilizes hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and upregulates vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). VEGF-A and placental growth factor (PlGF) drive abnormal angiogenesis in the retina, iris, and anterior chamber angle. Downregulation of endogenous inhibitors such as pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) may exacerbate this process. Concomitant inflammation mediated by cytokines including interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), followed by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-induced fibrotic angle closure, collectively leads to refractory intraocular pressure elevation and optic nerve damage. Clinical outcomes are influenced by genetic polymorphisms, renal comorbidities, and the aqueous humor biomarker profile. Current anti-VEGF monotherapy is limited by its inability to control fibrosis and inflammation, highlighting the need for multifaceted therapeutic strategies incorporating anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic agents. Critical knowledge gaps remain in longitudinal human data and preclinical models. To improve the prognosis of this devastating disease, shifting toward systemic metabolic management and prospective multiomics-based risk stratification may represent future directions.</p>","PeriodicalId":16674,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"6448312"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13312983/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148352174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduced Neutrophil-to-Eosinophil Ratio in Chronic Dacryocystitis: A Hematological Clue to Allergic Pathogenesis.","authors":"Gokhan Ozgur, Konuralp Yakar, Onur Gokmen","doi":"10.1155/joph/8447280","DOIUrl":"10.1155/joph/8447280","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To examine complete blood count parameters for differences in chronic dacryocystitis compared to controls, exploring their potential link to a possible allergic-inflammatory contribution in lacrimal surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included 190 adults aged 18-83 years who underwent external dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) for primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO) with chronic dacryocystitis between January 2018 and June 2023. Preoperative peripheral blood samples were analyzed for leukocyte, neutrophil, platelet, eosinophil, and monocyte counts. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil-to-monocyte ratio (NMR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and neutrophil-to-eosinophil ratio (NER) were calculated and compared with a control group consisting of age- and sex-matched healthy individuals who underwent routine ophthalmological examinations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eosinophil counts were significantly higher (<i>p</i> = 0.003) and NER significantly lower (<i>p</i> = 0.014) in the DCR group compared to controls, with no significant differences in other parameters (<i>p</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Elevated eosinophil levels and reduced NER suggest a possible allergic-inflammatory contribution to chronic dacryocystitis. NER may serve as a potential biomarker for identifying patients with an allergic-inflammatory profile; however, prospective studies are required to establish its clinical utility.</p>","PeriodicalId":16674,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"8447280"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13309800/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148345658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mathematical Modeling of IOL Power Changes After Pupil Dilation Based on Multifactorial Analysis.","authors":"Shasha Xue, Xinyu Wang, Yunxiao Wang, Fenglei Wang, Licun Wang, Xiaomei Wan, Ling Wang","doi":"10.1155/joph/8897808","DOIUrl":"10.1155/joph/8897808","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to explore the factors affecting the changes in intraocular lens (IOL) power after pupil dilation in patients with age-related cataract and to construct linear regression models.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 167 patients with age of 66.47 ± 8.63 (years) were included in this study to evaluate whether pupil dilation led to significant changes in axial length (AL), corneal curvature (K), central anterior chamber depth (ACD), central corneal thickness (CCT), lens thickness (LT), white-to-white corneal diameter (WTW), relative lens position (RLP), and the values of IOL power predicted using different formulas. Pearson linear correlation analysis was performed between dilation-induced IOL power changes (ΔIOL) and other changes in ocular parameters (ΔAL, ΔK, ΔACD, ΔCCT, ΔLT, ΔWTW, and ΔRLP), after which regression models were established using ΔIOL and its correlates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For each formula, a prediction model of ΔIOL was established using the regression coefficients: ΔIOL_Haigis = 0.06 - 3.381 ΔAL - 1.335 ΔK; ΔIOL_Hoffer-Q = -3.547 ΔAL - 1.318 Δ<i>K</i>; ΔIOL_SRK-T = -3.105 ΔAL - 1.019 Δ<i>K</i>; ΔIOL_Holladay-1 = -3.697 ΔAL - 1.276 Δ<i>K</i>; ΔIOL_Holladay-2 = 0.099 - 3.484 ΔAL - 1.235 Δ<i>K</i> - 0.279 ΔWTW; ΔIOL_Barrett-II = 0.071 - 3.702 ΔAL - 1.147 Δ<i>K</i> + 0.069 ΔWTW.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Multivariate mathematical models of ΔIOL suggest that IOL power changes are mainly related to the changes in AL and <i>K</i> and that the values of ΔAL, Δ<i>K</i>, and ΔWTW can be used to predict ΔIOL that is calculated by various formulas. <b>Trail Registration:</b> Chinese Registry of Clinical Trials: ChiCTR2200056856.</p>","PeriodicalId":16674,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"8897808"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13303337/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148345662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Topographic and Tomographic Assessment of Post-LASIK Corneal Ectasia.","authors":"Abdelrahman Salman","doi":"10.1155/joph/3011668","DOIUrl":"10.1155/joph/3011668","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate and compare the topographic and tomographic characteristics of post-laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) ectasia (PLE) with keratoconus (KC) and normal control eyes using the Sirius imaging system.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This comparative cross-sectional study included eyes with KC, PLE ectasia, and normal control eyes. All PLE cases developed ectasia following myopic LASIK. Normal control eyes were selected from refractive surgery candidates with normal preoperative corneal tomography and no evidence of ectasia during a postoperative follow-up period exceeding 1 year. Corneal topography and tomography were performed using the Sirius imaging system. Uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuities were recorded and expressed in decimal notation. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test with post hoc Mann-Whitney U testing. Normality was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Due to non-normal distribution, nonparametric tests were used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 56 eyes were analyzed. KC eyes demonstrated significantly steeper anterior keratometric values compared to PLE and normal control eyes (<i>p</i> < 0.001). PLE eyes showed lower anterior keratometric values compared to KC, but remained significantly different from normal controls (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Minimum corneal thickness was significantly reduced in both ectatic groups compared to normal controls (<i>p</i> < 0.001), with no statistically significant difference between KC and PLE eyes. Posterior tomographic indices were significantly elevated in both ectatic groups compared to normal controls (<i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PLE demonstrates distinct topographic and tomographic characteristics compared to KC. Comprehensive corneal tomography is essential for accurate evaluation of post-LASIK ectasia.</p>","PeriodicalId":16674,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"3011668"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13288357/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148317686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-Inflammatory Cytokine Signatures in Primary Glaucoma Subtypes: Diagnostic and Pathophysiological Insights From IL-36Ra, IL-37, and IL-38.","authors":"Yawen Li, Xuanqi Zhang, Xiaowei Yan, Yulei Geng, Kuitang Shi, Weijia Li, Tianyu Zhang, Jiaming Lu, Hengli Zhang, Yizhen Tang","doi":"10.1155/joph/1806762","DOIUrl":"10.1155/joph/1806762","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To quantify interleukin-36 receptor antagonist (IL-36Ra), interleukin-37 (IL-37), and interleukin-38 (IL-38) levels in aqueous humor and plasma of patients with primary glaucoma, and investigate their correlations with glaucomatous structural damage.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Matched aqueous humor and plasma samples were collected from patients with acute primary angle-closure glaucoma (APACG), chronic PACG (CPACG), and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), and age-related cataract controls (ARC). Levels of IL-36Ra, IL-37, and IL-38 were quantified and correlated with average retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 96 participants were enrolled, including 25 APACG, 23 CPACG, 23 POAG, and 25 ARC. In aqueous humor, IL-36Ra was significantly elevated in CPACG compared to all other groups, while IL-37 and IL-38 were markedly increased in both CPACG and POAG compared to ARC and APACG (all <i>p</i> < 0.05). In plasma, IL-36Ra was significantly lower in the POAG and APACG than in ARC and CPACG, and IL-38 was reduced in APACG compared to all other groups (all <i>p</i> < 0.05). All three cytokines in aqueous humor, as well as plasma IL-36Ra and IL-38, showed significant negative correlations with average RNFLT. Notably, aqueous humor IL-38 exhibited the strongest association with RNFLT, particularly within the POAG (<i>r</i> = -0.745, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and CPACG (<i>r</i> = -0.496, <i>p</i> = 0.016) subgroups, suggesting an association with structural damage in chronic glaucoma.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Aqueous humor IL-38 levels correlated with RNFLT thinning in POAG and CPACG, suggesting a potential role as a biomarker associated with structural damage. IL-36Ra was independently elevated in CPACG, supporting its potential as a subtype-related biomarker. Further studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms of these cytokines in glaucoma pathogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":16674,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"1806762"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13288358/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148317753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of a One-Week Lubricant Pretreatment on Post-LASIK Dry Eye: Single-Center Randomized, Single-Masked Study With 1-Month Follow-Up.","authors":"Rafael Cañones-Zafra, German Allendes-Urquiza, Cristina Muñiz, Miguel A Teus","doi":"10.1155/joph/6643075","DOIUrl":"10.1155/joph/6643075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Our purpose is to report the results of a prospective study on ocular discomfort and objective tear film parameters (osmolarity and NIKBUT), in myopic patients, and observe the possible differences at 1 month between randomized groups in the use of topical lubricants 1 week prior to surgery or just after surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a prospective, single masked, randomized, comparative study. Refractive error and UDVA, BCVA, tear osmolarity, OSDI test, and keratograph analysis of the tear film were performed per patient by a masked examiner before and 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month after FS-LASIK performed to correct myopia in both pre and post groups. A total of 22 patients per group were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean age was 32.27 ± 5.4 and 32.85 ± 5.3 years, and mean preop sphere was -3.17 ± 2.3 and 2.75 ± 1.3 D in pre and post groups, respectively (<i>p</i> > 0.05). In addition, no statistically significant difference was found in preoperative OSDI, tear osmolarity, or NIKBUT between both groups. In the whole cohort, the OSDI worsened significantly from a preop value of 6.94 ± 7.15 to a value of 15.66 ± 12.55 at 1-month postop (<i>p</i> < 0.0001).We did not find any statistically significant differences in the OSDI score, NIKBUT, or osmolarity at the 1-month postop between the pre and post groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Femto-LASIK increased OSDI at 1 month. One-week pretreatment with hyaluronate-HP-guar did not improve symptoms, osmolarity, or NIKBUT compared with postoperative use only. More trials with longer follow-up are needed. <b>Trial Registration:</b> Spanish Agency of Medicines and Medical Devices (AEMPS): Code 25-0055.</p>","PeriodicalId":16674,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"6643075"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13284676/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148308584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Validation of a VISULYZE-Based Nomogram for Predicting Visual Outcomes and Higher-Order Aberrations After SMILE in High Myopia.","authors":"Lingling Zhao, Nannan Gao, Enze Liu, Xinliang Cheng, Juehan Li, Haixia Ji, Ying Yu","doi":"10.1155/joph/1918446","DOIUrl":"10.1155/joph/1918446","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To validate a novel VISULYZE-based nomogram for high myopia in small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective, nonrandomized controlled trial included 118 eyes of 71 high-myopia patients treated with SMILE using a VisuMax 500-kHz femtosecond laser. High myopia was defined as a spherical equivalent refraction ≤ -6.00 D. Treated eyes were divided into two groups, according to different nomograms received: the conventional surgeon-adjusted nomogram group (<i>n</i> = 71 eyes) and the VISULYZE-based nomogram group (<i>n</i> = 47 eyes). The VISULYZE nomogram was generated by the data from 108 myopic eyes that underwent SMILE surgery at 3 months. The visual outcomes followed up for 3 months for both groups were compared for efficacy, safety, predictability, stability, and higher-order aberrations (HOAs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Preop-SE was -6.58 ± 0.50 D in the conventional group and -6.79 ± 0.61 D in the VISULYZE group. At 3 months postoperatively, the SE in the conventional group and the VISULYZE group was -0.16 ± 0.34 D and 0.05 ± 0.40 D (<i>p</i> < 0.05), respectively. It was found that 72% and 100% had a UDVA of 20/20 in the conventional group and VISULYZE group, respectively, while 89% and 99% had an SE within ±0.5 D and ±1.0 D in the conventional group and 89% and 100% in the VISULYZE group. The efficacy indexes were 0.97 ± 0.07 in the conventional group and 1.02 ± 0.06 in the VISULYZE group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The safety indexes were 1.15 ± 0.10 in the conventional group and 1.15 ± 0.15 in the VISULYZE group (<i>p</i> > 0.05), respectively. The VISULYZE-based nomogram was associated with lower induction of 3rd-order vertical/horizontal coma, total coma, 4th-order spherical aberration, and root mean square (RMS) HOAs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The VISULYZE-based nomogram demonstrated comparable safety to the conventional nomogram while achieving significantly superior efficacy and predictability. Additionally, it provided a supportive condition for reducing RMS HOAs after SMILE compared to the conventional approach. <b>Trial Registration:</b> ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT06982807.</p>","PeriodicalId":16674,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"1918446"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13277769/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148295446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causal Effects of Gut Microbiota and Associated Metabolites on Retinal Diseases and Visual Impairment: A Mendelian Randomization Study.","authors":"Chuyao Yu, Li Dong, Ruiheng Zhang, Heyan Li, Xuhan Shi, Haotian Wu, Wenda Zhou, Yitong Li, Wen-Bin Wei","doi":"10.1155/joph/4233490","DOIUrl":"10.1155/joph/4233490","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous observational study findings have indicated a vital association between gut microbiota features and retinal diseases based on the \"gut-retina\" axis. However, whether their relationships underlie causal effects remains to be established.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Instrumental variables of 211 gut microbiota taxa were obtained from a genome-wide association study (GWAS), and 28 gut-associated metabolites and pathways were included as exposures. A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was carried out to estimate gut microbiota effects on diabetic retinopathy (DR), early age-related macular degeneration (eAMD), retinal detachments and breaks (RDs/RBs), retinal vascular occlusion (RVO), disorders of the choroid and retina (D-C/R), and visual impairment. MR methods, including inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR‒Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode methods, were used to investigate the causal relationship between gut microbiota features and various outcomes. Heterogeneity, pleiotropy, and stability tests of MR results were performed, and Bonferroni's correction was used to test the strength of the causal relationships between exposures and outcomes, as well as reverse and multivariable MR analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Through MR analysis of 211 microbes and six clinical phenotypes, a total of 35 gut microbiome and 3 associated metabolites were found to be associated with various outcomes. Cochrane's <i>Q</i> test revealed that there was no significant heterogeneity between various single-nucleotide polymorphisms. In addition, no significant level of pleiotropy was found according to the MR‒Egger and MR-PRESSO global tests. After the Bonferroni-corrected test, Genus <i>id.2041</i> (OR = 0.874, 95% CI: 0.816-0.936, <i>p</i> = 1.10e - 04, IVW) showed robust causality with D-C/R, which had a nominal association with multiple other retinal diseases as well. Seven exposure-outcome effects markedly remained valid when BMI or alcohol intake frequency was separately included in multivariable MR analyses. According to the results of reverse MR analysis, no significant causal effect of outcomes was found on gut microbiota. No significant heterogeneity of instrumental variables or horizontal pleiotropy was found.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We confirmed a potential causal relationship between some gut microbiota features and retinal diseases, thus providing new insights into the gut microbiota-mediated mechanism of retinopathy and indicating vital biomarkers for potential diagnostic, therapeutic, and prevention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":16674,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"4233490"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13273394/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148277885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Application of the Modified Scleral Tunnel Intraocular Lens Ciliary Sulcus Suture-Fixation Technique.","authors":"Bingzhen Li, Yiyun Liu, Xuran Long, Hong Qi","doi":"10.1155/joph/5043535","DOIUrl":"10.1155/joph/5043535","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the visual outcomes, intraocular lens (IOL) positional stability, and impact on the ocular surface following a novel modified scleral tunnel IOL ciliary sulcus suture-fixation technique in eyes without adequate capsular support.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A prospective single-arm cohort study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 48 eyes underwent the modified fixation procedure, which utilized a microcurved needle with 10-0 polypropylene suture to create a scleral tunnel for suture burial. Main outcome measures were assessed preoperatively and at 1 and 3 months postoperatively. Visual function was evaluated by measuring uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) and best-corrected distance visual acuity (BCVA) using standard logarithmic charts and by manifest refraction. IOL position (decentration and tilt) was quantified using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) with ImageJ software analysis. Ocular surface impact was assessed via tear film break-up time (BUT), corneal fluorescein staining (FL), and the Schirmer I test (SIT).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Visual outcomes significantly improved: postoperative UDVA was 0.41 ± 0.36 logMAR, and BCVA was 0.25 ± 0.32 logMAR, compared to preoperative 1.16 ± 0.65 and 0.61 ± 0.60 logMAR, respectively (both <i>p</i> < 0.001). IOL position was stable, with a mean horizontal and vertical decentration of 0.38 mm and 0.39 mm, respectively, and a mean tilt of 3.34° and 3.42°. Ocular surface parameters showed a transient disturbance at 1 month (BUT decreased, FL increased) but returned to near-baseline levels by 3 months postoperatively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The modified scleral tunnel IOL fixation technique effectively restores visual function, provides excellent and stable IOL positioning, and induces only transient, reversible disturbance to the ocular surface. This method represents a safe and effective surgical option for eyes lacking capsular support.</p>","PeriodicalId":16674,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"5043535"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13269833/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148271973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}