Journal of Parasitology最新文献

{"title":"MOLECULAR AND NEW MORPHOLOGICAL DATA ON NEMATODE HEDRURIS DRATINI FOUND PARASITIZING PSEUDIS MINUTA (ANURA: HYLIDAE).","authors":"Martin M Montes, Yasmin Croci, Jorge Barneche, Dario Balcazar, German F Reig Cardarella, Sergio R Martorelli","doi":"10.1645/22-34","DOIUrl":"10.1645/22-34","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Hedruris has a worldwide distribution, parasitizing lampreys, fishes, frogs, and lizards. In South America, 4 species have been reported on frogs (Hedruris heyeri, Hedruris juninensis, Hedruris moniezi, and Hedruris mucronifer), 3 on fishes (Hedruris basilichtensis, Hedruris orestiae, and Hedruris suttonae), and 1 on turtles (Hedruris dratini). We examined a frog (Pseudis minuta) found dead in the Pescado stream, Argentina, searching for parasites. A Hedruris sp. was found and subsequently subjected to integrative analyses. The 18S rDNA was sequenced, and specimens were examined using electron and optical microscopy. Genetic analysis grouped this nematode with H. dratini. Its morphology was similar to that species but differed in having bifid derid in frogs, compared to a simple deirid in turtles. This difference could result from various causes, such as host-parasite interaction or a teratological feature, or it could indicate high morphological variability. To resolve this, molecular analysis of all described Hedruris species is necessary, in addition to morphological studies. According to the prevalence and intensity of infection reported in the literature, the definitive host of H. dratini is likely the turtle. However, the nematode may use different hosts, or the frog may have ingested an amphipod harboring the parasite's intermediate stage. This is the first Hedruris parasite of frogs to be sequenced and represents, after H. mucronifer, the second report of the genus in anurans from Argentina.</p>","PeriodicalId":16659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology","volume":"110 6","pages":"538-544"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142605040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INTRODUCTION OF THE 2023-2024 ASP PRESIDENT-DR. REGINALD BRENT BLAYLOCK.","authors":"Herman E Eure","doi":"10.1645/24-94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1645/24-94","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology","volume":"110 6","pages":"732-733"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142895587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFFECTS OF REAGENTS AND CHEMICALS USED IN EXISTING SANITATION HELMINTH TEST METHODS ON THE VIABILITY OF ASCARIS SUUM EGGS.","authors":"D Naidoo, C E Archer","doi":"10.1645/22-58","DOIUrl":"10.1645/22-58","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Various sanitation methods to recover helminth eggs are currently in use; however, no international standard exists. Development of such a method first involves testing the effects of all reagents used in current methods on helminth egg viability to determine whether these chemicals affect the test organism. This study was conducted to investigate the effects on viability and development of Ascaris suum eggs when exposed for various periods to wash solutions (water, ammonium bicarbonate, Tween® 20, Tween® 80, Triton® X-100, Sunlight® Liquid, bentonite, and 7X®), flotation solutions (zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate, sodium nitrate, brine, and sucrose), extraction solutions (10% formalin, acetoacetic buffer, acid-alcohol, ethyl acetate, and diethyl ether), extraction combinations (10% formalin + ethyl acetate, 10% formalin + diethyl ether, acetoacetic buffer + ethyl acetate, acetoacetic buffer + diethyl ether, and acid-alcohol + ethyl acetate), and incubation solutions (water, 0.1 N sulfuric acid, physiological saline, and 0.5%, 2%, and 5% formalin). Ammonium bicarbonate and 7X® performed best as wash solutions (including for overnight soaking), and zinc sulfate is recommended for flotation for up to 30 min of exposure. Individually, all extraction solutions had minimal effects on egg viability, and in combination, acid-alcohol and ethyl acetate did not impact egg viability for up to 15 min of exposure. Postincubation, sulfuric acid allowed optimal egg development and clear samples for microscopy.</p>","PeriodicalId":16659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology","volume":"110 6","pages":"709-716"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142864037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MOLECULAR CONFIRMATION OF WOLF (CANIS LUPUS) AS A NATURAL DEFINITIVE HOST FOR SARCOCYSTIS CRUZI OF CATTLE, SARCOCYSTIS MEHLHORNI OF DEER, AND SARCOCYSTIS WENZELI OF CHICKENS.","authors":"Aditya Gupta, Larissa S de Araujo, Carolin Humpal, Michelle Carstensen, B M Rosenthal, J P Dubey","doi":"10.1645/24-120","DOIUrl":"10.1645/24-120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As predators of a wide variety of livestock and wildlife species, wolves (Canis lupus) could serve as definitive hosts for species of Sarcocystis parasites infecting many intermediate hosts. Sarcocystis sporocysts have been observed in the feces of wolves fed infected beef before, but genetic tools have not yet definitively identified which species of parasites they harbor, impairing understanding of their contribution to infections in wild and domesticated intermediate hosts. Therefore, we genetically characterized sporocysts derived from a small sample of naturally infected wolves in Minnesota. Doing so established evidence that wolves may excrete sporocysts and therefore transmit Sarcocystis cruzi to cattle (Bos taurus), Sarcocystis mehlhorni to black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus), and Sarcocystis wenzeli to chickens (Gallus domesticus). Given their wide host range and appetite, wolves may serve as a source of infection for cattle, deer, and chickens.</p>","PeriodicalId":16659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology","volume":"110 6","pages":"679-683"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142807442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HOST SPECIES, HOST SIZE, AND MIRACIDIAL DOSE INFLUENCE THE INFECTION SUCCESS OF ECHINOSTOMA TRIVOLVIS LINEAGE C LARVAE.","authors":"Cameron Hodinka, Jillian T Detwiler","doi":"10.1645/24-37","DOIUrl":"10.1645/24-37","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Completing parts of trematode life cycles in the laboratory is a useful way to obtain experimentally infected hosts and identify how specific aspects of parasitism influence host ecology and behavior. However, a lack of knowledge about host specificity and other factors that influence prevalence can hamper those efforts. Echinostoma trivolvis lineage c is a genetically distinct member of the E. trivolvis species complex that is known only from DNA sequences from adult and larval stages recovered from naturally infected muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus) and the marsh pondsnail (Ladislavella elodes), respectively. We determined the effect of host species/morphotype, host size, and miracidial dose on the infection success in potential first intermediate hosts. In the laboratory, we exposed 2 freshwater snail species (L. elodes and Planorbella duryi) and a morphological variant of L. elodes (formerly known as Stagnicola reflexa) to 2 miracidia to determine first intermediate host use. Among these 3 snail groups, we also tested the effect of host size on infection success with 3 size classes (1-5 mm, 5-10 mm, and 10-15 mm). Within 1 host species, L. elodes, we compared the effect of 2 doses (2 and 5 miracidia) and 3 size classes on infection success. At a dose of 2 miracidia, rediae and cercariae developed within 1 host species, L. elodes, as well as the S. reflexa morphotype, although infection success varied according to host size. At a dose of 5 miracidia, infection success increased in small and medium-size L. elodes relative to the low dose group. Our results confirm the first intermediate host species observed in nature but indicate that prevalence is influenced by host species morphotype, host size, and parasite dose. To obtain more infected snails, our experiments suggest exposing small and medium-size L. elodes snails to 5 miracidia. This research encourages further use of E. trivolvis lineage c in the laboratory to explore aspects of host-parasite interactions such as parasite-modified behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":16659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology","volume":"110 6","pages":"725-729"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142895502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PHYLOGENY AND SYSTEMATICS OF CYATHOCOTYLID DIGENEANS (DIGENEA: DIPLOSTOMOIDEA) PARASITIZING SNAKES WITH DESCRIPTION OF THREE NEW SPECIES OF GOGATEA FROM AUSTRALIA AND VIETNAM.","authors":"Tyler J Achatz, Zoe S Von Holten, Tran Thi Binh, Vasyl V Tkach","doi":"10.1645/24-33","DOIUrl":"10.1645/24-33","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Cyathocotylidae Mühling, 1896 is a small but broadly distributed family of digeneans parasitic in a wide range of vertebrate definitive hosts, from fish to mammals. Despite existing taxonomic questions, only a few studies have generated DNA sequence data from cyathocotylids, and only a single publication included sequence data from a cyathocotylid parasitic in snakes. Four genera are known to infect snakes: GogateaLutz, 1935, Szidatia Dubois, 1938, MesostephanoidesDubois, 1951, and SerpentostephanusSudarikov, 1961. Members of these genera were known from only Asia and Africa. In the present study, we describe 2 new species of Gogatea from snakes in Australia and 1 from Vietnam. The new species from Vietnam described herein is the first member of the genus that lacks a ventral sucker. We used partial sequences of the nuclear large ribosomal subunit (28S) and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) genes to explore phylogenetic relationships among cyathocotylids and species differentiation. In addition, this is the first report of a cyathocotylid from snakes in Australia, thus posing interesting questions regarding the dispersal and historical biogeography of these parasites. Cyathocotylid genera from snakes have a long, convoluted taxonomic history. The genera Gogatea, Mesostephanoides, and Szidatia were distinguished from each other based on very small morphological differences. Therefore, the validity of Szidatia and Mesostephanoides was often questioned in the literature. Based on the detailed morphological analysis of our freshly collected high-quality specimens and comparison with published information, we synonymize Mesostephanoides and Szidatia with Gogatea.</p>","PeriodicalId":16659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology","volume":"110 6","pages":"590-606"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12175293/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142647469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TRICHINELLA INFECTIONS IN WILDLIFE FROM PENNSYLVANIA: VARIATION IN EXPOSURE AMONG COYOTE (CANIS LATRANS), GRAY FOX (UROCYON CINEREOARGENTEUS), AND RED FOX (VULPES VULPES).","authors":"J P Dubey, L S de Araujo, A Gupta, P Thompson, A Ankrah, J Battle, K Van Why, J D Brown","doi":"10.1645/24-108","DOIUrl":"10.1645/24-108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During a survey for Sarcocystis infections in Pennsylvania in wild canids, muscles from the tongue and limb were examined microscopically for sarcocysts. Between 9 February 2024 and 11 February 2024, muscle samples were collected from 76 coyotes, 46 gray foxes, and 21 red foxes from Pennsylvania hunter harvested animals. Around 5 g of muscle was examined microscopically by compression between a glass slide and coverslip. Trichinella murrelli larvae were detected in 1 of 76 coyotes (Canis latrans), 1 of 46 gray foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), and in 7 of 21 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) muscles. Diet and individual host susceptibility probably contributed to the differences in prevalence of T. murrelli in these hosts. This is the first report of Trichinella infection in coyotes from Pennsylvania. The reasons for differences in Trichinella species could be due to inherent susceptibility or the area sampled.</p>","PeriodicalId":16659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology","volume":"110 6","pages":"666-669"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142807469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MYXOZOANS (CNIDARIA: MYXOSPOREA: MYXIDIIDAE) IDENTIFIED FROM THE GALLBLADDER OF FRECKLED MADTOM, NOTURUS NOCTURNUS (SILURIFORMES: ICTALURIDAE), FROM THE OUACHITA RIVER DRAINAGE OF SOUTHERN ARKANSAS.","authors":"Chris T McAllister, Donald G Cloutman, Eric M Leis, Henry W Robison","doi":"10.1645/23-105","DOIUrl":"10.1645/23-105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During August 2021 and again in July 2022 and July 2023, 4 freckled madtoms, Noturus nocturnus, were collected from a creek in Columbia County, Arkansas (Ouachita River drainage), and their gills, gallbladder, fins, integument, musculature, and other major organs were examined for myxozoans. The gallbladder of 1 (25%) was infected with apparently novel myxozoans. Qualitative and quantitative morphological data were from preserved formalin-fixed myxospores. Molecular data include 2,059 bp (for a Myxidium sp.) and 951 bp (for an unobserved Myxozoa sp.) sequences of the partial small subunit (SSU) ribosomal RNA gene. Phylogenetic analysis placed the Myxidium sp. among a clade of myxozoans that infect fish from the southern portion of North America. These represent the first myxozoans reported from the gallbladder of madtoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":16659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology","volume":"110 6","pages":"642-648"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142769893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SPECIES OF HEMIRHAMPHICULUS BYCHOWSKY AND NAGIBINA, 1969 (MONOGENOIDEA: DACTYLOYRIDAE) INFECTING THE GILL LAMELLAE OF SOME BELONIFORM FISHES IN WATERS OF THE GULF OF MEXICO OFF FLORIDA, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF FIVE NEW SPECIES AND COMMENTS ON THE DACTYLOGYRID GENERA HAVING SPECIES INFECTING BELONIFORM FISHES.","authors":"Delane C Kritsky, Micah D Bakenhaster","doi":"10.1645/24-78","DOIUrl":"10.1645/24-78","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nine species of HemirhamphiculusBychowsky and Nagibina, 1969 (Dactylogyridae) were recorded from 6 beloniform fishes during a survey of the monogenoids infecting these fishes in the Gulf of Mexico off Florida from September 2017 through December 2020. Five new species were collected, illustrated, and described: Hemirhamphiculus acarips n. sp., Hemirhamphiculus longiclathra n. sp., and Hemirhamphiculus lucernula n. sp. all from Strongylura notata (Poey) and Hemirhamphiculus bilobatus n. sp. and Hemirhamphiculus litus n. sp. both from Strongylura timucu (Walbaum). Four previously described species were transferred to Hemirhamphiculus: Hemirhamphiculus tylosuri (MacCallum, 1917) n. comb. [formerly Ancyrocephalus tylosuri (MacCallum, 1917) Johnston and Tiegs, 1922]; Hemirhamphiculus parvus (Linton, 1940) n. comb. (formerly Ancyrocephalus parvusLinton, 1940); Hemirhamphiculus cornutus (Williams and Rogers, 1972) n. comb. (formerly Ancyrocephalus cornutusWilliams and Rogers, 1972); and Hemirhamphiculus trullae (Williams, 1980) n. comb. (formerly Ancyrocephalus trullaeWilliams, 1980). The occurrence of He. trullae on Hyporhamphus meeki represents a new host record for the parasite. Three Indo-Pacific species of Dactylogyridae were transferred to Hemirhamphiculus: Pseudohaliotrematoides recurvatusYamaguti, 1968, as Hemirhamphiculus recurvatus (Yamaguti, 1968) n. comb.; Tylosuricola haikouensisZhang, 2001, as Hemirhamphiculus haikouensis (Zhang, 2001) n. comb.; and Xenentocleidus xenentodoni (Jain, 1961) Tripathi, Agrawal, and Pandey, 2007, as Hemirhamphiculus xenentodoni (Jain, 1959) n. comb. XenentocleidusTripathi, Agrawal, and Pandey, 2007, was synonymized with Hemirhamphiculus as its junior subjective synonym. Bychowskymonogenea Caballero and Bravo Hollis, 1972, and Bychowskymonogenea sogandaresi Caballero and Bravo Hollis, 1972, were placed as junior subjective synonyms of Hemirhamphiculus and He. tylosuri, respectively, and the Bychowskymonogeninae Caballero and Bravo Hollis, 1972, was rejected as a valid subfamily of the Dactylogyridae.</p>","PeriodicalId":16659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology","volume":"110 6","pages":"619-641"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142769808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LIFE CYCLE VARIATION AND HOST-PARASITE INTERACTIONS OF FOUR CONGENERIC SPECIES OF TURTLE ACANTHOCEPHALANS.","authors":"Ryan W Koch, Yetkin Ipek, Matthew G Bolek","doi":"10.1645/24-34","DOIUrl":"10.1645/24-34","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Turtle acanthocephalans in the genus Neoechinorhynchus have complex life cycles and are thought to involve an ostracod intermediate host and a turtle definitive host. For Neoechinorhynchus emydis, an additional snail paratenic host is part of its life cycle. However, how snails become infected and whether other species of Neoechinorhynchus can be found in snails remains unclear. This study was conducted to understand the survival, development, and host use of 4 species of turtle acanthocephalans (Neoechinorhynchus chrysemydis, N. emydis, Neoechinorhynchus emyditoides, and Neoechinorhynchus pseudemydis) in their intermediate, paratenic, and definitive hosts. Using eggs recovered from adult acanthocephalans from naturally infected turtle hosts in Oklahoma, experimental infections were conducted in 2 species of ostracods and 1 species of freshwater snail. Ionomes also were generated for these acanthocephalans and their turtle definitive hosts to better understand resource competition. Upon ingestion by ostracods, eggs of all 4 species of acanthocephalans hatched in both ostracod species. However, no further acanthocephalan development occurred in Cypridopsis sp. ostracods, whereas all 4 acanthocephalan species grew and developed into infective juveniles over 28-32 days in Physocypria sp. ostracods. Of the 4 species of acanthocephalans, N. emydis grew faster early in ostracods and was the only species to survive and establish in snail hosts. This finding was supported by the observation of proboscis remnants in the feces of snails that ingested ostracods infected with N. chrysemydis, N. emyditoides, and N. pseudemydis. In contrast, when snails were exposed to eggs of all 4 acanthocephalan species, eggs were passed in the feces, resulting in no infections. The overall ionomic composition of adult acanthocephalans and their turtle hosts suggested that the hosts and parasites share host resources. However, specific elemental differences indicated that turtle acanthocephalans can accumulate heavy metals at concentrations higher than those in their hosts. Results of this study support previous field observations and hypotheses that (1) Physocypria sp. ostracods serve as intermediate hosts for N. chrysemydis, N. emydis, N. emyditoides, and N. pseudemydis; (2) N. emydis uses snail paratenic hosts, but snails are a non-viable route of transmission to turtles for N. chrysemydis, N. emyditoides, and N. pseudemydis; and (3) as adults, these 4 acanthocephalan species utilize their turtle definitive hosts similarly in terms of ionomic composition. This work challenges the traditional view of the acanthocephalan life cycle and sets the stage for future hypotheses.</p>","PeriodicalId":16659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology","volume":"110 6","pages":"558-576"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142621894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}