Journal of Parasitology最新文献

{"title":"SPATIO-TEMPORAL VARIATION OF PROCHRISTIANELLA SP. (CESTODA: TRYPANORHYNCHA) IN THE HOST OCTOPUS MAYA (CEPHALOPODA: OCTOPODA) AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH THE REPRODUCTION.","authors":"Sergio Guillén-Hernández, Harold Villegas-Hernández, Raúl E Díaz-Gamboa, Dawrin Pech-Puch","doi":"10.1645/23-90","DOIUrl":"10.1645/23-90","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although harvest of Octopus maya (Mexican four-eyed octopus) is one of the most important fisheries in the Yucatan Peninsula, little is known about the parasites of these cephalopods and how they affect host physiological processes. We analyzed the spatio-temporal variation of infection of O. maya by the cestode larva Prochristianella sp. (found in the anterior salivary glands) and its relationship with the gonad development stages (GDSs) of the host. From August 2009 to May 2010, 439 specimens of O. maya were caught in 2 localities on the northern coast of the Yucatán Peninsula: Dzilam de Bravo (n = 239) and Ria Lagartos (n = 200). The mantle length, eviscerated body weight, reproductive complex weight, and gonad weight were recorded in each specimen. Portions of each gonad were used to identify the GDS based on histology for each individual to determine the periodicity of the reproductive cycle and the monthly variation in the reproductive complex weight. Temporal variation in the monthly mean abundance of cestodes but not in prevalence was evident. A permutational multivariate analysis of variance indicated that variation in the mean abundance of Prochristianella sp. was affected by host GDS, month of sampling, host sex, and sampling locality; however, the first-order interactions indicated that the most were important variables were GDS, month, and host sex. General linear model analyses also indicated that the size, reproductive status, and sex of the hosts were significantly related to the abundance of cestodes. Temporal variation was evident in the monthly mean abundance of Prochristianella sp. but not in its prevalence; the number of parasites increased in octopuses from September to December. Regarding the GDS, the mean abundance of the parasite increased as gonads developed, and gonad development was related to water temperature and time, which are linked to season and the upwelling that occurs in spring and summer. In the oral cavity of octopuses, variations in cestode abundance related to host sex, size, and reproductive status can have major implications for the production of saliva, an essential secretion for food acquisition and defense in this host, and could affect octopus reproduction and recruitment of this food resource so important for the Yucatán Peninsula.</p>","PeriodicalId":16659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology","volume":"110 6","pages":"670-678"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142807455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A RAPID DIAGNOSTIC PCR ASSAY FOR THE DETECTION OF SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI IN THEIR SNAIL VECTORS.","authors":"Tom Pennance, Yvonne Lam, Nathaniel Bigot, Joshua Trapp, Johannie M Spaan, George Ogara, Fredrick Rawago, Kennedy Andiego, Boaz Mulonga, Meredith Odhiambo, Martin W Mutuku, Eric S Loker, Maurice R Odiere, Michelle L Steinauer","doi":"10.1645/24-44","DOIUrl":"10.1645/24-44","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Accurate detection of schistosome infections in snails is vital for epidemiologic and laboratory studies. Traditional microscopy methods to detect schistosomes in snails are hindered by long prepatent periods and snail survivorship, leading to inaccurate assessment of infections. A rapid, multiplexed PCR assay targeting Biomphalaria sudanica or Biomphalaria glabrata (internal control) and Schistosoma mansoni DNA is described. The method takes less than 90 min starting from extracted snail DNA and is successful at amplifying schistosome DNA in snail tissue as soon as 30 min following exposure. Accurate measures of schistosome infection success in snails (compatibility) are possible by 4-7 days postexposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":16659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology","volume":"110 6","pages":"684-689"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142864704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HEPATOZOON RUFI N. SP. (APICOMPLEXA: HEPATOZOIDAE) OF BOBCATS (LYNX RUFUS) FROM MISSISSIPPI.","authors":"J P Dubey, Aditya Gupta, Larissa S de Araujo, Oliver C H Kwok, B M Rosenthal","doi":"10.1645/24-52","DOIUrl":"10.1645/24-52","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Hepatozoon sp. stages were detected in histological sections of the muscles of 11 of 25 bobcats (Lynx rufus). Parasites were detected from the myocardium of 11, tongues of 4, and limb muscles of 5 of these animals, which had been hunted in Mississippi in 2017. The intensity of infection was highest in the heart. Only asexual stages (meronts) were detected. Three types of meronts (types 1, 2, and 3) were detected, based on structure and mode of division. Additionally, individual zoites were found in leukocytes in the blood vessels of the myocardium, but the stage was not identified. Based on genomic DNA characterized from paraffin-embedded myocardium sections from 1 bobcat using 18S rRNA gene, the Hepatozoon species from the bobcat was related to but distinct from other Hepatozoon spp. of felids. This is the first description of the development of Hepatozoon in the muscles of bobcats. A new name, Hepatozoon rufi, is proposed for this parasite in bobcats.</p>","PeriodicalId":16659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology","volume":"110 6","pages":"607-618"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142647401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ECHINOCOCCUS MULTILOCULARIS IN NEW YORK WILDLIFE: DISTRIBUTION AND GENETIC DIVERSITY OF AN EMERGING PATHOGEN.","authors":"Corinne L Conlon, Julia P Brigandi, Jacqueline L Frair, Corinne Michaud-LeBlanc, Krysten L Schuler, Manigandan Lejeune, Christopher M Whipps","doi":"10.1645/24-54","DOIUrl":"10.1645/24-54","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Echinococcus is a genus of cestode parasites of paramount veterinary and medical importance globally. Two species, Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato and Echinococcus multilocularis, are endemic to North America and are the etiologic agents of cystic echinococcosis and alveolar echinococcosis, respectively. North America is currently experiencing an epidemiological shift in the state of transmission, distribution, and prevalence of E. multilocularis, following the introduction of the European variant of the parasite. The rapid expansion of the parasite into the northeastern United States has resulted in novel detections of spillover to humans, indicating the need for active surveillance to direct public health education and disease control measures. Our surveillance of the parasite in definitive hosts in New York State from 2019 to 2023 yielded 8 detections of the parasite, for a sample prevalence of 8.3% (8/96). Phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial markers confirmed that all New York isolates belong to the European lineage and group in a well-supported clade with E. multilocularis isolates described from Slovakia and Poland. Investigation of the highly polymorphic EmsB microsatellite marker revealed several E. multilocularis genotypes circulating in New York, including 1 that is distinct from European isolates detected in western North America. These data are consistent with 1 or more unique introductions from Europe rather than a spread from western regions of Canada and the United States, where other European variants are found. Echinococcus multilocularis appears to have a complex epidemiology in North America that warrants further detailed surveillance to evaluate the risks for zoonotic transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":16659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology","volume":"110 6","pages":"697-708"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142864706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MOLECULAR AND NEW MORPHOLOGICAL DATA ON NEMATODE HEDRURIS DRATINI FOUND PARASITIZING PSEUDIS MINUTA (ANURA: HYLIDAE).","authors":"Martin M Montes, Yasmin Croci, Jorge Barneche, Dario Balcazar, German F Reig Cardarella, Sergio R Martorelli","doi":"10.1645/22-34","DOIUrl":"10.1645/22-34","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Hedruris has a worldwide distribution, parasitizing lampreys, fishes, frogs, and lizards. In South America, 4 species have been reported on frogs (Hedruris heyeri, Hedruris juninensis, Hedruris moniezi, and Hedruris mucronifer), 3 on fishes (Hedruris basilichtensis, Hedruris orestiae, and Hedruris suttonae), and 1 on turtles (Hedruris dratini). We examined a frog (Pseudis minuta) found dead in the Pescado stream, Argentina, searching for parasites. A Hedruris sp. was found and subsequently subjected to integrative analyses. The 18S rDNA was sequenced, and specimens were examined using electron and optical microscopy. Genetic analysis grouped this nematode with H. dratini. Its morphology was similar to that species but differed in having bifid derid in frogs, compared to a simple deirid in turtles. This difference could result from various causes, such as host-parasite interaction or a teratological feature, or it could indicate high morphological variability. To resolve this, molecular analysis of all described Hedruris species is necessary, in addition to morphological studies. According to the prevalence and intensity of infection reported in the literature, the definitive host of H. dratini is likely the turtle. However, the nematode may use different hosts, or the frog may have ingested an amphipod harboring the parasite's intermediate stage. This is the first Hedruris parasite of frogs to be sequenced and represents, after H. mucronifer, the second report of the genus in anurans from Argentina.</p>","PeriodicalId":16659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology","volume":"110 6","pages":"538-544"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142605040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INTRODUCTION OF THE 2023-2024 ASP PRESIDENT-DR. REGINALD BRENT BLAYLOCK.","authors":"Herman E Eure","doi":"10.1645/24-94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1645/24-94","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology","volume":"110 6","pages":"732-733"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142895587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFFECTS OF REAGENTS AND CHEMICALS USED IN EXISTING SANITATION HELMINTH TEST METHODS ON THE VIABILITY OF ASCARIS SUUM EGGS.","authors":"D Naidoo, C E Archer","doi":"10.1645/22-58","DOIUrl":"10.1645/22-58","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Various sanitation methods to recover helminth eggs are currently in use; however, no international standard exists. Development of such a method first involves testing the effects of all reagents used in current methods on helminth egg viability to determine whether these chemicals affect the test organism. This study was conducted to investigate the effects on viability and development of Ascaris suum eggs when exposed for various periods to wash solutions (water, ammonium bicarbonate, Tween® 20, Tween® 80, Triton® X-100, Sunlight® Liquid, bentonite, and 7X®), flotation solutions (zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate, sodium nitrate, brine, and sucrose), extraction solutions (10% formalin, acetoacetic buffer, acid-alcohol, ethyl acetate, and diethyl ether), extraction combinations (10% formalin + ethyl acetate, 10% formalin + diethyl ether, acetoacetic buffer + ethyl acetate, acetoacetic buffer + diethyl ether, and acid-alcohol + ethyl acetate), and incubation solutions (water, 0.1 N sulfuric acid, physiological saline, and 0.5%, 2%, and 5% formalin). Ammonium bicarbonate and 7X® performed best as wash solutions (including for overnight soaking), and zinc sulfate is recommended for flotation for up to 30 min of exposure. Individually, all extraction solutions had minimal effects on egg viability, and in combination, acid-alcohol and ethyl acetate did not impact egg viability for up to 15 min of exposure. Postincubation, sulfuric acid allowed optimal egg development and clear samples for microscopy.</p>","PeriodicalId":16659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology","volume":"110 6","pages":"709-716"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142864037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PHYLOGENY AND SYSTEMATICS OF CYATHOCOTYLID DIGENEANS (DIGENEA: DIPLOSTOMOIDEA) PARASITIZING SNAKES WITH DESCRIPTION OF THREE NEW SPECIES OF GOGATEA FROM AUSTRALIA AND VIETNAM.","authors":"Tyler J Achatz, Zoe S Von Holten, Tran Thi Binh, Vasyl V Tkach","doi":"10.1645/24-33","DOIUrl":"10.1645/24-33","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Cyathocotylidae Mühling, 1896 is a small but broadly distributed family of digeneans parasitic in a wide range of vertebrate definitive hosts, from fish to mammals. Despite existing taxonomic questions, only a few studies have generated DNA sequence data from cyathocotylids, and only a single publication included sequence data from a cyathocotylid parasitic in snakes. Four genera are known to infect snakes: GogateaLutz, 1935, Szidatia Dubois, 1938, MesostephanoidesDubois, 1951, and SerpentostephanusSudarikov, 1961. Members of these genera were known from only Asia and Africa. In the present study, we describe 2 new species of Gogatea from snakes in Australia and 1 from Vietnam. The new species from Vietnam described herein is the first member of the genus that lacks a ventral sucker. We used partial sequences of the nuclear large ribosomal subunit (28S) and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) genes to explore phylogenetic relationships among cyathocotylids and species differentiation. In addition, this is the first report of a cyathocotylid from snakes in Australia, thus posing interesting questions regarding the dispersal and historical biogeography of these parasites. Cyathocotylid genera from snakes have a long, convoluted taxonomic history. The genera Gogatea, Mesostephanoides, and Szidatia were distinguished from each other based on very small morphological differences. Therefore, the validity of Szidatia and Mesostephanoides was often questioned in the literature. Based on the detailed morphological analysis of our freshly collected high-quality specimens and comparison with published information, we synonymize Mesostephanoides and Szidatia with Gogatea.</p>","PeriodicalId":16659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology","volume":"110 6","pages":"590-606"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142647469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MOLECULAR CONFIRMATION OF WOLF (CANIS LUPUS) AS A NATURAL DEFINITIVE HOST FOR SARCOCYSTIS CRUZI OF CATTLE, SARCOCYSTIS MEHLHORNI OF DEER, AND SARCOCYSTIS WENZELI OF CHICKENS.","authors":"Aditya Gupta, Larissa S de Araujo, Carolin Humpal, Michelle Carstensen, B M Rosenthal, J P Dubey","doi":"10.1645/24-120","DOIUrl":"10.1645/24-120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As predators of a wide variety of livestock and wildlife species, wolves (Canis lupus) could serve as definitive hosts for species of Sarcocystis parasites infecting many intermediate hosts. Sarcocystis sporocysts have been observed in the feces of wolves fed infected beef before, but genetic tools have not yet definitively identified which species of parasites they harbor, impairing understanding of their contribution to infections in wild and domesticated intermediate hosts. Therefore, we genetically characterized sporocysts derived from a small sample of naturally infected wolves in Minnesota. Doing so established evidence that wolves may excrete sporocysts and therefore transmit Sarcocystis cruzi to cattle (Bos taurus), Sarcocystis mehlhorni to black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus), and Sarcocystis wenzeli to chickens (Gallus domesticus). Given their wide host range and appetite, wolves may serve as a source of infection for cattle, deer, and chickens.</p>","PeriodicalId":16659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology","volume":"110 6","pages":"679-683"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142807442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HOST SPECIES, HOST SIZE, AND MIRACIDIAL DOSE INFLUENCE THE INFECTION SUCCESS OF ECHINOSTOMA TRIVOLVIS LINEAGE C LARVAE.","authors":"Cameron Hodinka, Jillian T Detwiler","doi":"10.1645/24-37","DOIUrl":"10.1645/24-37","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Completing parts of trematode life cycles in the laboratory is a useful way to obtain experimentally infected hosts and identify how specific aspects of parasitism influence host ecology and behavior. However, a lack of knowledge about host specificity and other factors that influence prevalence can hamper those efforts. Echinostoma trivolvis lineage c is a genetically distinct member of the E. trivolvis species complex that is known only from DNA sequences from adult and larval stages recovered from naturally infected muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus) and the marsh pondsnail (Ladislavella elodes), respectively. We determined the effect of host species/morphotype, host size, and miracidial dose on the infection success in potential first intermediate hosts. In the laboratory, we exposed 2 freshwater snail species (L. elodes and Planorbella duryi) and a morphological variant of L. elodes (formerly known as Stagnicola reflexa) to 2 miracidia to determine first intermediate host use. Among these 3 snail groups, we also tested the effect of host size on infection success with 3 size classes (1-5 mm, 5-10 mm, and 10-15 mm). Within 1 host species, L. elodes, we compared the effect of 2 doses (2 and 5 miracidia) and 3 size classes on infection success. At a dose of 2 miracidia, rediae and cercariae developed within 1 host species, L. elodes, as well as the S. reflexa morphotype, although infection success varied according to host size. At a dose of 5 miracidia, infection success increased in small and medium-size L. elodes relative to the low dose group. Our results confirm the first intermediate host species observed in nature but indicate that prevalence is influenced by host species morphotype, host size, and parasite dose. To obtain more infected snails, our experiments suggest exposing small and medium-size L. elodes snails to 5 miracidia. This research encourages further use of E. trivolvis lineage c in the laboratory to explore aspects of host-parasite interactions such as parasite-modified behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":16659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Parasitology","volume":"110 6","pages":"725-729"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142895502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}